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Page 1: Buddhism - Weebly · 2018-12-05 · Siddhartha Gautama Sometimes called Shakyamuni, meaning “Sage of the Shakya clan.” His father was king of a small village located in present-day

Buddhism

CHAPTER 6 EROW

PPL#6

PAGE 232

SECTION 1

Page 2: Buddhism - Weebly · 2018-12-05 · Siddhartha Gautama Sometimes called Shakyamuni, meaning “Sage of the Shakya clan.” His father was king of a small village located in present-day

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eYKdEnEqfQQ

A Human-Centered ReligionHIPHUGHES 10 min. video on Buddhism

Page 3: Buddhism - Weebly · 2018-12-05 · Siddhartha Gautama Sometimes called Shakyamuni, meaning “Sage of the Shakya clan.” His father was king of a small village located in present-day

Buddhism from the word “Budhi” meaning

“To wake up!”

Not a god-centered religion

The responsibility for spiritual development

rests solely on the individual.

To be awakened or enlightened about that

which is real.

Page 4: Buddhism - Weebly · 2018-12-05 · Siddhartha Gautama Sometimes called Shakyamuni, meaning “Sage of the Shakya clan.” His father was king of a small village located in present-day

Founder = Siddhartha Gautama

A Hindu born into the Warrior Caste

What was once India but now Nepal

Buddha = Awakened One

Taught that following his teachings

could lead one to obtain Nirvana

Page 5: Buddhism - Weebly · 2018-12-05 · Siddhartha Gautama Sometimes called Shakyamuni, meaning “Sage of the Shakya clan.” His father was king of a small village located in present-day

“Siddhartha Gautama

was neither a god nor a

messenger of a god. He

was a human being who

pointed to his teachings

and not himself. “(Clemmons 233)

Page 6: Buddhism - Weebly · 2018-12-05 · Siddhartha Gautama Sometimes called Shakyamuni, meaning “Sage of the Shakya clan.” His father was king of a small village located in present-day

Most Buddhist

Live in Asia

Buddhism is

More than 2500 years old

And The Buddha IS

the most compassionate person in history (according to Buddhist)

Page 7: Buddhism - Weebly · 2018-12-05 · Siddhartha Gautama Sometimes called Shakyamuni, meaning “Sage of the Shakya clan.” His father was king of a small village located in present-day

Time Line on page 234

Copy IT

Know IT

Page 8: Buddhism - Weebly · 2018-12-05 · Siddhartha Gautama Sometimes called Shakyamuni, meaning “Sage of the Shakya clan.” His father was king of a small village located in present-day

A Brief History

of Buddhism

Began in

India

but

spread

throughout

Asia

Page 9: Buddhism - Weebly · 2018-12-05 · Siddhartha Gautama Sometimes called Shakyamuni, meaning “Sage of the Shakya clan.” His father was king of a small village located in present-day

Siddhartha Gautama

Sometimes called Shakyamuni, meaning

“Sage of the Shakya clan.”

His father was king of a small village

located in present-day Nepal.

His mother, Queen Maya, dreamed that

an elephant touched her right side and

she conceived.

Brahmins, the priestly Hindu caste,

interpreted the dream for her: she would

bear a son that would either be a great

king or a great holy man.

Page 10: Buddhism - Weebly · 2018-12-05 · Siddhartha Gautama Sometimes called Shakyamuni, meaning “Sage of the Shakya clan.” His father was king of a small village located in present-day

As queen Maya travels to her father’s house while

pregnant she stops at the Lumbini gardens.

As she is resting by a tree

the baby Buddha emerges from her right side.

(ca. 560 BCE)

He Takes 7 steps and declares “No more births for

me.”

7 days later Queen Maya died.

Page 11: Buddhism - Weebly · 2018-12-05 · Siddhartha Gautama Sometimes called Shakyamuni, meaning “Sage of the Shakya clan.” His father was king of a small village located in present-day

Siddhartha married at age 16 and had a son. At age 19 he became aware of what the world was really like. (4 Sights)

At age 29 he left his life of luxury and took on the life of a wandering ascetic.

Meditating for hours and barely eating.

Searching for answers to life’s questions such as suffering.

He wandered for 6 years.

He finally reached the enlightenment he sought but, struggled with whether or

not to share what he knew.

He Taught: Neither indulgence nor asceticism could

release one from samsara.

INSTEAD – The Middle Way was the answer and could lead

to moksha

He would die of food poisoning at age 80 in 483 BCE

Page 12: Buddhism - Weebly · 2018-12-05 · Siddhartha Gautama Sometimes called Shakyamuni, meaning “Sage of the Shakya clan.” His father was king of a small village located in present-day

Into your notebook spend a

few minutes reflecting on the

“Middle Way”.

Can you think of a

comparison to Christianity?

How might following a path

that is not extreme in any one

way be a good option for

someone?

Be ready to share!

Page 13: Buddhism - Weebly · 2018-12-05 · Siddhartha Gautama Sometimes called Shakyamuni, meaning “Sage of the Shakya clan.” His father was king of a small village located in present-day

Four Sights (What Gautama saw beyond the walls)

Old Man

A very sick man

A corpse

Wandering Holy Man without possessions

Page 14: Buddhism - Weebly · 2018-12-05 · Siddhartha Gautama Sometimes called Shakyamuni, meaning “Sage of the Shakya clan.” His father was king of a small village located in present-day
Page 15: Buddhism - Weebly · 2018-12-05 · Siddhartha Gautama Sometimes called Shakyamuni, meaning “Sage of the Shakya clan.” His father was king of a small village located in present-day

The Four Councils The First Council:

No successor or writings left behind when the Buddha died

500 Buddhist monks gathered about a year after his death with the intent of preserving the

Buddha’s teachings through the recitation of memories.

The Second Council:

100 yrs later

Split between the more conservative Sthaviras (eventually 10 sects) and liberal

Mahasanghikas (Eventually 8 Sects).

ONLY the Theravada sect (from the Sthaviras) survives to this day.

Mahayana Buddhism in existence today is “descendent” of Mahasanghikas Buddhism

Page 16: Buddhism - Weebly · 2018-12-05 · Siddhartha Gautama Sometimes called Shakyamuni, meaning “Sage of the Shakya clan.” His father was king of a small village located in present-day

Third Council 3rd century BCE – King Ashoka from India the Mauryan Dynasty

He had become disenchanted with war and the military & converted to Buddhism

Began to rule his country through Buddhist practices such as moral living and pacifism

B/C Buddhism grew so fast during this time questionable practices emerged

King Ashoka calls the 3rd council to purify the sangha (entire community of monks, nuns & laity in Buddhism) and its various irregularities

By 100 CE Mahayana Buddhism had emerged as a distinct branch of Buddhism

Encouraged lay participation

Which lead to a variety of interpretations of Buddhist scriptures

Page 17: Buddhism - Weebly · 2018-12-05 · Siddhartha Gautama Sometimes called Shakyamuni, meaning “Sage of the Shakya clan.” His father was king of a small village located in present-day

Buddhism in India

Made great strides during the Gupta Dynasty (240-550 CE)

Creating an atmosphere where Buddhism could thrive

Building monasteries, funding stupas & Buddhist universities

Negative Factor – monasteries & universities began to drift from Buddhism

and moved toward a resurgent Bhakti movement in Hinduism

470 CE – invasion of the Huns – destroying Buddhist monasteries etc. almost

made Buddhism extinct w/in India

Pala Dynasty – somewhat a revival of Buddhism in India

The end of the Pala Dynasty ended Buddhism in India until the 20th century

Page 18: Buddhism - Weebly · 2018-12-05 · Siddhartha Gautama Sometimes called Shakyamuni, meaning “Sage of the Shakya clan.” His father was king of a small village located in present-day

Buddhist Expansion beyond India

Not long after the death of The Buddha – Buddhism was

introduced to Central Asia but Islam would become the

dominant religion of that region

Buddhism was introduced to southeast Asia – but by the 10th

century again it was eclipsed by Islam.

Between European colonialism and communism Buddhism has been

devastated … yet it has not been totally lost in that region

Buddhism found its way to China at the beginning of the

Common Era.

From there to Far East Asia … Japan, Korea & Tibet

Page 19: Buddhism - Weebly · 2018-12-05 · Siddhartha Gautama Sometimes called Shakyamuni, meaning “Sage of the Shakya clan.” His father was king of a small village located in present-day

Buddhism in Modern Times

During the twentieth century, the rise of communism triggered

the demise of Buddhism in a number of countries.

The attempt to eradicate Buddhism was felt first in the former

Soviet Union.

After World War II, the communist takeover in Asia affected

Buddhism in China, Tibet, and parts of Southeast Asia.

Page 20: Buddhism - Weebly · 2018-12-05 · Siddhartha Gautama Sometimes called Shakyamuni, meaning “Sage of the Shakya clan.” His father was king of a small village located in present-day

Buddhism in Tibet

Vajrayana Buddhism (aka Tantric Buddhism)

Which is a branch of Mahayana Buddhism

Emphasis on mantras, rituals, & meditation

14th Century – Tibetan Buddhists came to believe that the leaders of their monasteries were reincarnations of great bodhisattvas who chose to postpone their own opportunity to enter Nirvana.

These leaders became known as Lamas

The head of the Lamas is known as the Dalai Lama and until 1959 was also considered the political leader of Tibet.

They have been exiled in Dharamsala, India

Page 21: Buddhism - Weebly · 2018-12-05 · Siddhartha Gautama Sometimes called Shakyamuni, meaning “Sage of the Shakya clan.” His father was king of a small village located in present-day

Dalai Lama

The title given to the

spiritual leader of the

Tibetan people

The title is a hybrid

of a Mongolic word

and a Tibetan word

which loosely translates to “Master Guru”

14th Dalai Lama was born in 1935

Recognized as the Dalai Lama in 1939

Enthroned as the Dalai Lama in 1940 but lives in

exile (Not in Tibet)

Page 22: Buddhism - Weebly · 2018-12-05 · Siddhartha Gautama Sometimes called Shakyamuni, meaning “Sage of the Shakya clan.” His father was king of a small village located in present-day

“Through mental peace, through a general

sense of brotherhood, sisterhood, there is greater

possibility to achieve real world peace. . . . True

religion must be a sort of destroyer. Understand?

Compassion and tolerance, we call destroyers of

anger, destroyers of hatred? If you apply

different religions in the right way then all have

the same aim; that is, a better human being.” –Dalai Lama

(Clemmons 244)

Page 23: Buddhism - Weebly · 2018-12-05 · Siddhartha Gautama Sometimes called Shakyamuni, meaning “Sage of the Shakya clan.” His father was king of a small village located in present-day

Into your notebooks reflect on

this question.

How might the world be different

if we were all “destroyers” of

anger and hatred?

Page 24: Buddhism - Weebly · 2018-12-05 · Siddhartha Gautama Sometimes called Shakyamuni, meaning “Sage of the Shakya clan.” His father was king of a small village located in present-day

He has said in the past that perhaps the role of “Dalai

Lama” is no longer necessary but he has indicated

recently that his mind has been changed.

On August 9, 2017 the Dalai Lama has said that it is time

to begin the preparation to find the 15th Dalai Lama.

Page 25: Buddhism - Weebly · 2018-12-05 · Siddhartha Gautama Sometimes called Shakyamuni, meaning “Sage of the Shakya clan.” His father was king of a small village located in present-day
Page 26: Buddhism - Weebly · 2018-12-05 · Siddhartha Gautama Sometimes called Shakyamuni, meaning “Sage of the Shakya clan.” His father was king of a small village located in present-day

PART 2 OF PPL#6

Page 27: Buddhism - Weebly · 2018-12-05 · Siddhartha Gautama Sometimes called Shakyamuni, meaning “Sage of the Shakya clan.” His father was king of a small village located in present-day

Sacred Stories & Sacred Scriptures

The Buddha wrote no texts nor did his immediate

followers

For generations stories about him and his teachings

were passed along at recitation gatherings

Sacred texts developed over 100’s of years

Once texts were written they were in a variety of

languages and translated often with little regard for

accuracy.

This caused tensions & even divisions among Buddhists

Page 28: Buddhism - Weebly · 2018-12-05 · Siddhartha Gautama Sometimes called Shakyamuni, meaning “Sage of the Shakya clan.” His father was king of a small village located in present-day

There is no agreement

among, or even within

the various branches of

Buddhism as to which

texts are considered

sacred and which texts

are not. (pg. 247)

Page 29: Buddhism - Weebly · 2018-12-05 · Siddhartha Gautama Sometimes called Shakyamuni, meaning “Sage of the Shakya clan.” His father was king of a small village located in present-day

Scriptures of Theravada Buddhism

Early Buddhist Scripture = Tripitaka (Three Baskets)

Sanskrit – passed down orally

Written down around 1st c BCE in Pali language

AKA = Pali Canon

Vinaya Pitaka

Sutra Pitaka

Abidharma Pitaka

Belief that it contains the words of The Buddha

Page 30: Buddhism - Weebly · 2018-12-05 · Siddhartha Gautama Sometimes called Shakyamuni, meaning “Sage of the Shakya clan.” His father was king of a small village located in present-day

Vinaya Pitaka

Code of Monastic

Discipline

277 Rules for Nuns

311 Rules for Monks

Sutra Pitaka

Discourses attributed

to Siddhartha

Main topic – Morality

Story of the Buddha’s

Birth and his

attainment of Nirvana

are found in this set of

writing

Abidharma Pitaka

Examines the Buddha’s psychological teachings

Analyzing Buddhist doctrine

Mainly focused towards monks or serious Buddhist students

Not necessary the average lay Buddhist

Page 31: Buddhism - Weebly · 2018-12-05 · Siddhartha Gautama Sometimes called Shakyamuni, meaning “Sage of the Shakya clan.” His father was king of a small village located in present-day

Scriptures of …

Mahayana Buddhism

The Lotus of the True Law

AKA The Lotus Sutra

Attributed to The Buddha

Final teachings of The Buddha

All people can obtain

Enlightenment

All living things possess Buddha

Nature

Perfection of Wisdom

How to achieve the perfection of

wisdom of a bodhisattva

Varjrayana Buddhism

Use Mahayana Scripture but add to it …

Tantric Texts from India & China

The Kanjur (Teachings)

Tanjur (Transltions of the Treaties)

Commentaries on the Kanjur

Two Examples of Vajrayana Tantric

Techniques:

Mandala & Mantra

Most Popular Scripture = Tibetan Book of

the Dead

Writings on death, dying and rebirth

Page 32: Buddhism - Weebly · 2018-12-05 · Siddhartha Gautama Sometimes called Shakyamuni, meaning “Sage of the Shakya clan.” His father was king of a small village located in present-day

Beliefs and Practices The Four Nobel Truths

If one is ignorant of the 4 Noble Truths they will remain on the endless cycle

of samsara

Understanding the 4 Noble Truths leads to the Noble Eightfold Path (The

Middle Way)

Avoid extremes

Take everything in moderation

Page 33: Buddhism - Weebly · 2018-12-05 · Siddhartha Gautama Sometimes called Shakyamuni, meaning “Sage of the Shakya clan.” His father was king of a small village located in present-day
Page 34: Buddhism - Weebly · 2018-12-05 · Siddhartha Gautama Sometimes called Shakyamuni, meaning “Sage of the Shakya clan.” His father was king of a small village located in present-day
Page 35: Buddhism - Weebly · 2018-12-05 · Siddhartha Gautama Sometimes called Shakyamuni, meaning “Sage of the Shakya clan.” His father was king of a small village located in present-day
Page 36: Buddhism - Weebly · 2018-12-05 · Siddhartha Gautama Sometimes called Shakyamuni, meaning “Sage of the Shakya clan.” His father was king of a small village located in present-day

Sacred Time No set day for congregational worship

Offerings to The Buddha are made at any time either in a Temple or at an

altar in the Home

Offerings can include

Flowers

Candles

Incense

Recitation of the 3 Jewels is common

Meditation

Central to every branch of Buddhism

Mindfulness of Breath & Meditation of Loving-Kindness

Page 37: Buddhism - Weebly · 2018-12-05 · Siddhartha Gautama Sometimes called Shakyamuni, meaning “Sage of the Shakya clan.” His father was king of a small village located in present-day

Puja

For Buddhist Monks this

takes place in a

monastery

For Buddhist laity this

takes place at a home

shrine

Page 38: Buddhism - Weebly · 2018-12-05 · Siddhartha Gautama Sometimes called Shakyamuni, meaning “Sage of the Shakya clan.” His father was king of a small village located in present-day

Festivals

Celebrating The Buddha

Vishkha (Buddha Day)

= Theravada Buddhist

Mahayana Buddhists

celebrate these

events on 3 separate

days

Celebrating Sangha

Rains Retreat (3 months)

Time of great holiness

It ends with a great festival put on by the laity

Monks are presented with new robes

Page 39: Buddhism - Weebly · 2018-12-05 · Siddhartha Gautama Sometimes called Shakyamuni, meaning “Sage of the Shakya clan.” His father was king of a small village located in present-day

Sacred Places & Spaces Monasteries are often connected to Temples

For Theravada Buddhist men are especially encouraged to spend part of their

lives in a monastery

Temple

Religious devotions, meditation & instruction

Stupas

Small mound of stone/brick containing a relic of The Buddha usually near a

Temple

Other important Buddhist figures

A large stupa = Pagoda

Page 40: Buddhism - Weebly · 2018-12-05 · Siddhartha Gautama Sometimes called Shakyamuni, meaning “Sage of the Shakya clan.” His father was king of a small village located in present-day

Buddhist Temple

Page 41: Buddhism - Weebly · 2018-12-05 · Siddhartha Gautama Sometimes called Shakyamuni, meaning “Sage of the Shakya clan.” His father was king of a small village located in present-day

Buddhist Stupas

Page 42: Buddhism - Weebly · 2018-12-05 · Siddhartha Gautama Sometimes called Shakyamuni, meaning “Sage of the Shakya clan.” His father was king of a small village located in present-day

Places of Pilgrimage

Lumbini Gardens

The birth of Siddhartha

Located in Nepal

Bodh Gaya Bodh Gaya where the Buddha

meditated and gained his

Enlightenment

Page 43: Buddhism - Weebly · 2018-12-05 · Siddhartha Gautama Sometimes called Shakyamuni, meaning “Sage of the Shakya clan.” His father was king of a small village located in present-day

Sarnath Deep Park

Where Siddhartha preached

his 1st Sermon about the 4 Nobel Truths

Where he gained his first

disciples

Kushinara

The death of Siddhartha

1,500 year old red stone

statue of the reclining

Buddha

Page 44: Buddhism - Weebly · 2018-12-05 · Siddhartha Gautama Sometimes called Shakyamuni, meaning “Sage of the Shakya clan.” His father was king of a small village located in present-day

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZGW-g1hTK1k

Page 45: Buddhism - Weebly · 2018-12-05 · Siddhartha Gautama Sometimes called Shakyamuni, meaning “Sage of the Shakya clan.” His father was king of a small village located in present-day

The “end” End