btec nc sport & exercise sciences unit 7 anatomy for sport & exercise

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BTEC NC Sport & Exercise Sciences Unit 7 Unit 7 Anatomy for Sport & Anatomy for Sport & Exercise Exercise

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Page 1: BTEC NC Sport & Exercise Sciences Unit 7 Anatomy for Sport & Exercise

BTEC NCSport & Exercise

SciencesUnit 7 Unit 7

Anatomy for Sport & ExerciseAnatomy for Sport & Exercise

Page 2: BTEC NC Sport & Exercise Sciences Unit 7 Anatomy for Sport & Exercise

Know your Bones?Know your Bones?

To revise, try this site…To revise, try this site…http://www.medtropolis.comhttp://www.medtropolis.com

Page 3: BTEC NC Sport & Exercise Sciences Unit 7 Anatomy for Sport & Exercise

The Muscular SystemThe Muscular System

Muscles provide the forces which move our skeleton. But they have other functions too…

Muscle Tissue

Involuntary

Cardiac

Smooth

Voluntary

Skeletal

You've got around 650 muscles in your body, and they make up roughly half of your bodyweight. These muscles can be

divided into three different groups:

Page 4: BTEC NC Sport & Exercise Sciences Unit 7 Anatomy for Sport & Exercise

Skeletal Skeletal (striated)(striated) Muscle Muscle

Properties:-

• Extensibility – ability to lengthen

• Highly Elastic – return to normal length after stretch

• Contractability - forcibly shortens on nervous/hormonal stimulation

Page 5: BTEC NC Sport & Exercise Sciences Unit 7 Anatomy for Sport & Exercise

Function of Skeletal Muscle

•Movement

•Posture & Support

•Heat Production

Page 6: BTEC NC Sport & Exercise Sciences Unit 7 Anatomy for Sport & Exercise

Basic Basic MusclMuscles of es of the the HumaHuman n BodyBody

Anterior

Page 7: BTEC NC Sport & Exercise Sciences Unit 7 Anatomy for Sport & Exercise

Basic Basic MusclMuscles of es of the the HumaHuman n BodyBody

Posterior

Page 8: BTEC NC Sport & Exercise Sciences Unit 7 Anatomy for Sport & Exercise

Muscle Muscle StructurStructuree

Muscle Muscle StructurStructuree

Page 9: BTEC NC Sport & Exercise Sciences Unit 7 Anatomy for Sport & Exercise

Muscle StructureMuscle Structure Muscles are attached to bones with tendons.

• Tendons are made from collagen fibres.• There is an Origin & Insertion for each muscle.• The Origin is usually proximal. Insertion is distal.

Outer layer is EPIMYSIUM

The muscle itself is made up of many FASSICLES.• Each Fassicle contains many muscle FIBRES (or cells).• Fassicles are covered in and separated by PERIMYSIUM• Perimysium is made from collagen fibres.

Each Fibre is held together by ENDOMYSIUM.

Page 10: BTEC NC Sport & Exercise Sciences Unit 7 Anatomy for Sport & Exercise

Each Fibre consists of many MYOFIBRILS.• These are the contractile units of the muscle.

Each Myofibril contains many repeated units called SARCOMERES.

Sarcomeres contain ACTIN & MYOSIN filaments• Actin is the thin filament• Myosin is the thick filament

Troponin and Tropomyosin prevent muscle action.• They bind to Myosin preventing Cross-Bridging.• Calcium Ions (Ca+) released from Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

activate the release of Troponin from Myosin. Myosin heads bind to Actin creating a ‘pulling’ action. ATP contained in the Sarcoplasm provides energy for

release of binding.

Muscle Cell StructureMuscle Cell Structure

Page 11: BTEC NC Sport & Exercise Sciences Unit 7 Anatomy for Sport & Exercise

Sliding Filament Theory

Page 12: BTEC NC Sport & Exercise Sciences Unit 7 Anatomy for Sport & Exercise

3 Types exist:

• Type 1 –

•Slow Oxidative fibres (Slow-twitch fibres)

• Type 2(a) –

•Fast Oxidative Glycolytic fibres (Fast Twitch fibres)

• Type 2(b) –

•Fast Glycolytic fibres (Fast Twitch fibres)

Types of Skeletal Muscle Fibre

Page 13: BTEC NC Sport & Exercise Sciences Unit 7 Anatomy for Sport & Exercise

Type 1 – Slow Oxidative fibres

(Slow-twitch fibres)

•Red - Rich blood supply, more myoglobin

•Slow contraction – due to thin myelin sheath/slow nerve impulse.

•Aerobic - Posture & endurance events – Journeying, Hill walking.

Page 14: BTEC NC Sport & Exercise Sciences Unit 7 Anatomy for Sport & Exercise

Type 2(a)– Fast Oxidative Glycolytic fibres

(Fast-twitch fibres)

•Much Paler – Less myoglobin

•Faster contraction – due to thicker myelin sheath.

•More fibres in each motor-unit

•Mainly Anaerobic – but also Aerobic Capacity

•Sprints/400m, Short ‘difficult’ climb, Kayak Sprint

Page 15: BTEC NC Sport & Exercise Sciences Unit 7 Anatomy for Sport & Exercise

Type 2(b) – Fast Glycolytic fibres

(Fast-twitch fibres)

•White

•Fast contraction – due to thick myelin sheath.

•Motor Neurone Thicker – large impulse.

•Almost entirely Anaerobic

•Short Sprints, Powerful climbing moves, strong bursts of power strokes, intense uphill MTB

Page 16: BTEC NC Sport & Exercise Sciences Unit 7 Anatomy for Sport & Exercise

Fibre Type Fibre Type PropertiesProperties

Quality Type 1 Type 2a Type 2b

Contraction Speed

Slow(80 – 100 ms)

Fast(40-60 ms)

Very Fast(< 40ms)

Force Production

Low High Very High

Capillary Density

High Medium Low

Oxidative Capacity

High High Low

Exercise Capacity

Very High Fatigue QuicklyFatigue

Extremely Quickly!

Page 17: BTEC NC Sport & Exercise Sciences Unit 7 Anatomy for Sport & Exercise

Sports Specific Sports Specific PredominancePredominanceSports Specific Sports Specific PredominancePredominance

Page 18: BTEC NC Sport & Exercise Sciences Unit 7 Anatomy for Sport & Exercise

InnervatioInnervation of fibresn of fibres

‘All or Nothing’ Law

Dependent on sufficient impulse.

Page 19: BTEC NC Sport & Exercise Sciences Unit 7 Anatomy for Sport & Exercise

Muscle Twitch

Muscle Innervation