bt 0085 server side programming practical contents · 2018-09-07 · bt 0085 server side...

BT 0085 Server Side Programming – Practical

Contents

Guidelines for conducting Practical Exercises i-iv

Exercise1

Installation, Configuration and Execution of a Servlet 1

Exercise 2

Execution of a JSP page 32

Exercise 3

Hello World Using Servlets 38

Exercise 4

Search for Prime Numbers Using Servlets 39

Exercise 5

A Simple Cookie using Servlets 40

Exercise 6

Reading HTML Form Parameters using Servlets 41

Exercise 7

Servlet Session Tracking 43

Exercise 8

Simple Query Execution using Servlets 45

Exercise 9

Generating a HTML Table Based on Query Results

using Servlets 47

Edition: Spring 2009

BKID – B1089 30th

Sept. 2009

Exercise 10

Servlet Life Cycle Demo 48

Exercise 11

Hello World Using JSP 49

Exercise 12

Date Display Using JSP 50

Exercise 13

Include Directive Demo Using JSP 51

Exercise 14

Scriptlets Demo Using JSP 52

Acknowledgements, References & Suggested Readings 53

Director & Dean Directorate of Distance Education Sikkim Manipal University of Health, Medical & Technological Sciences (SMU DDE)

Board of Studies

Dr. U. B. Pavanaja (Chairman) Nirmal Kumar Nigam General Manager – Academics HoP – IT Manipal Universal Learning Pvt. Ltd. Sikkim Manipal University – DDE Bangalore. Manipal.

Prof. Bhushan Patwardhan Dr. A. Kumaran Chief Academics Research Manager (Multilingual) Manipal Education Microsoft Research Labs India Bangalore. Bangalore.

Dr. Harishchandra Hebbar Ravindranath P. S. Director Director (Quality) Manipal Centre for Info. Sciences, Bangalore. Yahoo India, Bangalore.

Dr. N. V. Subba Reddy Dr. Ashok Kallarakkal HOD – CSE Vice President Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal. IBM India, Bangalore.

Dr. Ashok Hegde H. Hiriyannaiah Vice President Group Manager MindTree Consulting Ltd., Bangalore. EDS Mphasis, Bangalore.

Dr. Ramprasad Varadachar Director, Computer Studies Dayanand Sagar College of Engg., Bangalore.

Content Preparation Team

Content Writing Content Editing Mr. Nirmal Kumar Nigam Mr. Purushotham U Asst. Professor & HoP – IT Asst. Professor – IT SMU DDE, Manipal SMU DDE, Manipal.

Instructional Design Mr. Kulwinder Pal Asst. Professor – Education SMU DDE, Manipal.

Edition: Spring 2009

This book is a distance education module comprising a collection of learning material for our students. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form by any means without permission in writing from Sikkim Manipal University of Health, Medical and Technological Sciences, Gangtok, Sikkim. Printed and published on behalf of Sikkim Manipal University of Health, Medical and Technological Sciences, Gangtok, Sikkim by Mr. Rajkumar Mascreen, GM, Manipal Universal Learning Pvt. Ltd., Manipal – 576 104. Printed at Manipal Press Limited, Manipal.

The subject titled “Server Side Programming – Practical” bearing the

subject code BT 0085 is a two credit subject of fourth semester in BSc IT

program, and it is a complimentary subject to the “Server Side

Programming – Theory” bearing the subject code BT 0083

This lab manual intends the student to gain experience in Server Side

Programming with Servlets and developing Web applications with Java

Server Pages, both of which are the products of Sun Micro Systems.

The applications developed are run at the Server and the corresponding

output in the form of HTML pages is displayed in the Client browser.

The user should be familiar with the concepts of client side programming

using HTML to create the Web pages and he / she should also be familiar

with server side programming using Servlets or JSP.

For server side programming the user is supposed to know the installation

and configuration steps of the Web Server like Apache Tomcat (5.0 0r

higher version).

The Software’s required are free and can be downloaded from the URLs

indicated in the following pages.

The exercises given here cover the concepts of basic Servlet programming,

handling Form data, Exception Handling, Session tracking, and Database

Connectivity.

This lab manual is prepared with an intention of increasing the comfort level

of students in Server Side programming using Servlets and/or Java Server

Pages.

The successful completion of these exercises would enable the students to

be comfortable with the skills needed for implementation of client and server

side programming.

The following subjects deal with the theoretical aspects and sample

exercises for reference.

1. BT0083 – Server Side Programming – Theory – IV Semester

2. BT0072 – Computer Networks – I Semester

3. BT0074 – OOPs with Java – II Semester

SUBJECT INTRODUCTION

4. BT0075 – RDBMS With MySQL – II Semester

5. BT0078 – Website Design – II Semester

Objectives

The objective of this manual is to make the student to get hands on

experience regarding the application of theoretical concepts learnt in this or

the previous semesters. It covers the installation and configuration of related

software i.e., the Apache Tomcat Web Server Software.

The set of exercises included as part of this lab manual intend to make the

students more practical oriented and also to pave the way for using Java,

Servlets, and Java Server programming for complex and real time

applications.

The manual provides the user with the following details regarding the

experiments to be completed:

1. Software installation and configuration

2. Problem Statement

3. Algorithm

The manual also provides the list of commands to be used for editing,

typing, and compilation of the given programs.

The time requirement for individual exercises is also specified. The format

for preparation and submission of these exercises at Learning Centers

would be as follows and it should be placed as the “Table of Contents”

page in the Practical Record.

After completing various practical exercises of this subject, you should be

able to:

illustrate the usage, configuration and deployment of Servlets and JSP

programs on Web Servers.

implement various applications of Servlets and JSP in real time

applications.

apply database connectivity using Servlets and / or JSP and perform

database related operations.

explain the usage of Cookies in Server side programming.

read input from HTML forms and sending it to web servers for

processing and retrieving the processed information into the HTML

forms.

use sessions to keep track of transactions between clients and servers.

illustrate the usage of scriptlets and directives in JSP pages.

Software and Hardware Requirements

The following are the software and hardware requirements for performing

the given exercises.

Software Requirements

1. JSDK 1.5 or Higher Version

2. Web Servers:

Apache Tomcat (5.5 or Higher versions)

Sun Java Web Server

Java Servlet Development Kit

3. Java IDE’s [Optional]:

Eclipse

JCreator Pro Version 4 or higher

4. Internet Explorer 6.0 or Mozilla Firefox or any other Java Compatible

browser

Hardware Requirements

1. P-IV or higher system

2. 80 GB Hard Disk

3. 512 MB RAM (Recommended 1GB for optimal performance)

Server Side Programming – Practical

Sikkim Manipal University Page No. 1

Exercise 1 Installation, Configuration and

Execution of a Servlet

Objective: After undertaking this exercise, you should be able to install,

configure and deploy the Servlet Software on your local machine and

execute a simple application like printing the message “Hello World” on the

Web browser.

Procedure: The steps below are a walkthrough of the deployment of

required software, which would in turn be useful for completing the rest of

the exercises of this practical subject.

Step 1: Download the Java Software from:

http://java.sun.com/javase/downloads/index.jsp

and install in a preferred drive of your hard disk.

Example: D:\jdk1.6 and D:\jre1.6

Step 2: Download the apache tomcat web server software from:

http://tomcat.apache.org/download-60.cgi

OR

Download the Sun Microsystems Servlet Software from:

http://java.sun.com/products/archive/servlet/

Step 3: Configure the following environmental variables as shown below:

PATH =.;d:\jdk1.6\bin;%PATH%;

CLASSPATH = D:\Tomcat 5.5\common\lib\servlet-api.jar;

JAVA_HOME = D:\jdk1.6;

http://java.sun.com/javase/downloads/index.jsp

http://tomcat.apache.org/download-60.cgi

http://java.sun.com/products/archive/servlet/



On the Desktop, Right – Click on My Computer Icon as shown in

Fig. 1.1.

Fig. 1.1: My Computer Icon



Now click on the Properties tab on the pop up window and the following

window (Fig.1.2) would be displayed. Then select the Advanced Tab of the

Window.

Fig. 1.2: System Properties – Advanced Tab



Now click on the Environment Variables button at the bottom of the window

which is shown in Fig: 1.2 and the following window would be displayed.

Fig. 1.3: Environment Variables



Click on New Button to create the CLASSPATH Environmental variable as

follows:

Fig. 1.4: CLASSPATH Environmental variables

You fill in the variable value with the path where the Servlet-api.jar file is

located and click on OK button.



Again Click on New Button to create the JAVA_HOME Environmental

variable as follows:

Fig. 1.5: Java Home Environmental Variables

Once created, click on OK button and again click on the New Button to

create the PATH Environmental variable as follows:

Fig. 1.6: PATH Environmental variables



The Path Environmental Variable would already be created in the System

Variables Tab of Environment Variables window.

Now append the JDK Path value to the already existing Path Variable by

selecting it and clicking on the Edit Button as follows:

Fig. 1.7: Edit System Variables

Append the following statement to the existing Path Variable:

D:\jdk1.6\bin;%PATH%;

Now click on OK and close the System Properties Window.



Step 4: Configuring the Internet Explorer as follows:

Open the Internet Explorer, click on Tools in the menu bar of Internet

Explorer.

A drop down window is displayed under the Tools Menu, Now click on the

Internet Options located as the bottom most option and the following window

is displayed:

Fig. 1.8: Internet Options



Now click on the Connections tab and the following screen would appear:

Fig. 1.9: Connections Tab



Now click on the LAN Settings button and the following screen would

appear:

Fig. 1.10: LAN Setting Screen



Now click on the Advanced Button under the Proxy server tab and the

following window would appear:

Fig. 1.11: Proxy Settings

Under the Exceptions tab, type the keyword “localhost”, it is a parameter

for the Internet Explorer to recognize your system with the name localhost

and listen to it on the default port setting of 8080.

Now click on OK button and close the Internet options window.



Step 5: Installation Process of Apache Tomcat Web Server

The following screen shots show the installation process of the Web Server.

After you installed the Server Software from the specified URL given above,

you would be having the following two files in your hard disk which is shown

in Fig: 1.12.

Fig. 1.12: Apache Tomcat Web Server files

Now double-click on the following highlighted file to start the installation of

the Web Server Software on your hard disk:

Fig. 1.13: Web Server Software



The following start up window would be displayed indicating the start of the

installation process:

Fig. 1.14: Exe Run

Fig. 1.15: Apache Tomcat setup wizard-1



Now click on the Next button to continue the installation process and the

following window is displayed:

Fig. 1.16: Apache Tomcat setup wizard - 2

Now click on the button “I Agree” and the following window would be

displayed:




Select the type of install as full by clicking on the drop down list box as

shown below:


After selecting the “Full” option, the following window would be displayed:

Fig. 1.19: Choosing Components to be installed



This option selection would load all the applications and documentation

associated with the Server.

On clicking Next button, a window asking for the location of installation

would pop up as below:

Fig. 1.20: Choosing Installation Location

You can specify the destination folder where you wish the server to be

installed and click on the Next button to continue with the installation

process.

The following window would prompt for Configuration information to be

entered:

Fig. 1.21: Admin Configuration Options



You can specify the information regarding the port number, Administrator

login properties like user name and password and click on Next button.

Fig. 1.22: Selection of JRE installation folder

Choose the path on your hard disk where the Java runtime environment

(JRE) is installed and Click the OK button in the Browse For Folder Pop-up

window.



Fig: 1.23: Browse For Folder Pop up window

Click on the OK Button after choosing the appropriate drive and directory or

folder and the following screen would be displayed.

Fig. 1.24: Tomcat Set up Process



Fig. 1.25

Fig. 1.26: Tomcat Set up Wizard Completion

Once this screen comes up, you have successfully installed the Apache

Web Server in your system. Now click on the Finish button to complete the

installation process.



Now unzip the apache-tomcat-5.5.2.7 zip or rar file and extract the files to

D:\ or your previous installation of the tomcat server.

Fig. 1.27: Extracting Zip Files



The following screen shows the setting of extraction path to the zip or rar file

of your Apache Tomcat Web Server.

Fig. 1.28: Zip File extraction path

Press the OK button to start unzipping the files.

Fig. 1.29



The unzipped files would be appearing in the D:\ (or your installation

directory) as shown below:

Fig. 1.30

Now click on the folder “apache-tomcat-5.5.27\bin” and the following

contents would be popped up:

Fig. 1.31: apache-tomcat-5.5.27\bin folder content

This folder contains all the necessary files for running and configuring the

Web Server.



Open the “setclasspath” MS-DOS Batch File by right clicking on it and

then clicking on the Edit Tab of the pop – up menu as shown below:

Fig. 1.32: Setting classpath in Tomcat Bin Folder

The following Notepad file would be opened up for editing, where in you set

the variables “JAVA_HOME” and “JRE_HOME”.

Fig. 1.33: Setting JAVA_HOME and JRE-HOME Environmental Variables



Enter the path of installation of your JDK\bin and JRE files and save the

Notepad file in the same directory and path. (Note: Do not change

anything else in the file and also the drive and directory).

Fig. 1.34: Saving setclasspath File

After saving the file click on the Tomcat Service Runner Icon to start the

server as shown below:

Fig. 1.35: Starting Tomcat Service Runner



The Server start window would be displayed as shown below:

Fig. 1.36: Server Start Window

Now minimize this window to keep the Web Server running and go to your

Browser like Internet Explorer and type in the URL “http://localhost:8080/” in

the address bar to see the following content displayed in the Browser

Window:

Fig. 1.37: Successful Deployment of Tomcat Web Server

http://localhost:8080/



Once this is displayed, it shows successful completion of the entire

installation process. Now type in the following source code into a file named

“HelloWorld.java” and place it in the bin directory of your jdk installation

folder (For example: D:\jdk1.6\bin) and compile it as shown below:

Figure 1.38: Sample Code for HelloWorld Servlet

Steps for Compiling and Running the Servlets:

1. Go to Desktop -> Start -> Run and type cmd to open the Command

Prompt as shown below:

Fig. 1.39: Invoking the command prompt window

import java.io.*; import javax.servlet.*; import javax.servlet.http.*; public class HelloWorld extends HttpServlet { public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException, ServletException { response.setContentType("text/html"); PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); out.println("<html>"); out.println("<head>"); out.println("<title>Hello World!</title>"); out.println("</head>"); out.println("<body>"); out.println("<h1>Hello World!</h1>"); out.println("</body>"); out.println("</html>"); } }



A command window would be displayed; Go to the drive and directory

where your java software is installed and go to the bin directory.

Fig. 1.40: Command Window Displayed

Now type in the text “edit HelloWorld.java” at the command prompt as

shown below and press enter:

Fig. 1.41: Invoking the editor for Java File



Now a blank window would appear where in you need to type in the Servlets

program code as shown below:

Fig. 1.42: Java Code in Editor

Now save the file as HelloWorld.java and come back to the command

prompt for compilation of the source file as shown below:

Fig. 1.43: Compiling the HelloWorld.java File

Once the Servlet Source File is successfully compiled, copy the source file

(.java file) and the corresponding Class File (.class file) to the directory

“D:\Tomcat 5.5\webapps\NKNIGAM\WEB-INF\classes” folder.



The webapps folder contains the following folders:

Fig. 1.44: webapps folder content

If you create a new folder under the directory of “D:\Tomcat 5.5\webapps”,

then make sure that you copy the following two files into your folder from

either the Servlets-examples folder or jsp-examples folder:

1. classes folder and

2. WEB-INF XML file

into your own named folder as shown below under “D:\Tomcat

5.5\webapps\NKNIGAM\”:

Fig. 1.45: User Folder Contents

The above files should be included in your folder for the browser to

recognize your compiled class files.

Before proceeding further, the following operations need to be done to the

existing classes’ folder and WEB-INF xml files in your directory or folder.

1. For web.xml source file:

Right – click on the web.XML source file in your folder and click on the Edit

option, it would be opened in a notepad.Only the following content should

appear in the web.xml file:

Figure 1.46: web.xml file Content

Note: All other content can be safely deleted.

Now save the web.xml file.

2. For classes folder: Open the classes folder and make it empty.

After copying the source file (.java file) and the corresponding Class File

(.class file) to the directory “D:\Tomcat 5.5\webapps\NKNIGAM\WEB-

INF\classes” folder the classes’ folder under your named directory or folder

would appear as shown below:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>

<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee

http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"

version="2.4">

<display-name>Servlet 2.4 Examples</display-name>

<description>

Servlet 2.4 Examples.

</description>



<servlet>

<servlet-name>HelloWorld</servlet-name>

<servlet-class>HelloWorld</servlet-class>

</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>

<servlet-name>HelloWorld</servlet-name>

<url-pattern>/servlet/HelloWorld</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

</web-app>



Fig. 1.45: WEB-INF/classes folder content

Now start the Web Server and give the following URL in the address bar of

the browser window: http://localhost:8080/NKNIGAM/HelloWorld in the

address bar of your browser and you see the following output:

Fig. 1.46: Output of HelloWorld.java Servlet Program

http://localhost:8080/NKNIGAM/HelloWorld



Exercise 2 Execution of a JSP page

Objective: After undertaking this exercise, you should be able to install,

configure and deploy the Servlet Software on your local machine and

execute a simple application like printing the message “Hello World” on the

Web browser.

Procedure: The steps below are a walkthrough of the deployment and

configuration settings of the required software, which would in turn be useful

for completing the rest of the exercises related to Java Server Pages (JSP)

of this practical subject.

Since the Web Server configuration has already been explained in

Exercise – 1, the steps discussed below are the continuation for

deployment, configuration and execution of JSP.

Configuring the Web Server and running JSP pages:

Step – 1: Open the Tomcat Installation directory and the folders shown in

figure 2.1 would be displayed.

Fig. 2.1: Folders in Tomcat installation directory

Step – 2: Right – click on the conf folder to open it as shown in figure 2.2

below:



Fig. 2.2: Right – click on conf folder to open it

Step – 3: Right – click on the server.xml file of conf folder and click on the

Edit option as shown in figure 2.3 below:

Fig. 2.3: Right – click on server.xml file for editing

Step – 4: Write the following code at the end before the tag </Host> within

the server.xml file of conf folder, which indicates the server to find the drive

and directory of the class files as shown in figure 2.4 below:



Fig. 2.4: Setting the Context Path and docBase parameters

Now save the server.xml file as it is.

Note: No other content should be touched within that file.

Step -5: Write a JSP code using an editor like Notepad as shown in figure

2.5 below:

Fig. 2.5: Creation of a Notepad file on the desktop



Fig. 2.6: Creation of Hello1.jsp file

Step – 6: Rename the notepad file as Hello1.jsp as shown in figure 2.6

below:

Step – 7: Now type in the following JSP code in the Hello1.jsp file as shown

in figure 2.7 below:

Fig. 2.7: Content of Hello1.jsp file



Step – 8: Save the Hello1.jsp file and copy it from Desktop and paste it in

the bin directory of Java as shown in figure 2.8 below:

Fig. 2.8: Copy and paste the Hello1.jsp file in the Java Bin directory

Step – 9: Now place the same Hello1.jsp file in the webapps directory of

your Tomcat installation as shown in figure 2.9 below:

Fig. 2.9: Copy and paste the Hello1.jsp file in the webapps folder of Tomcat

installation directory



Fig. 2.10: User directory in webapps folder

Step – 10: To run the Hello1.jsp application, go to the browser and type in

the following URL as shown in Figure 2.11 below:

http://localhost:8080/webapps/JSPTEST/Hello1.jsp.

Fig. 2.11: Running the Hello1.jsp file in Internet Explorer

http://localhost:8080/webapps/JSPTEST/Hello1.jsp



Exercise 3 Hello World using Servlets

Objective: This exercise is intended to display the string message "Hello

World" every time it is accessed via a web browser with Servlets.

Procedure: The following steps guide you the process of running the

application.

Step – 1: Use an editor like notepad to type in the code for the Servlet.

Step – 2: Save the file as HelloWorld.java in the Java bin directory.

Step – 3: Compile the file at the command prompt of Java bin directory or

through a GUI editor.

Step – 4: After successful compilation of the .java file into a .class file, copy

and paste both .java and .class files into the named folder created by the

user under Tomcat installation directory as explained in exercise – 1.

Step – 5: Execute the application in a browser as shown in figure 3.1 below:

Sample Output:

Fig. 3.1: Sample output of running HelloWorld.java



Exercise 4 Search for Prime Numbers

using Servlets

Objective: This exercise enables you to carry on search for large prime

numbers.

Procedure: This Servlet searches for prime numbers above one quadrillion.

Algorithm:

Step – 1: Import the following packages into your program:

java.util.*;

java.io.*;

javax.servlet.*;

javax.servlet.http*;

Step – 2: Set the start number as one quadrillion.

Step – 3: Select odd-numbered candidates.

Step – 4: Divide them by every odd integer between 3 and their square root.

If none of the integers evenly divides the candidate, it is declared prime.

Step – 5: Run the application in browser window.

Sample Output:



Exercise 5 A Simple Cookie using Servlets

Objective: After completing this exercise, yours should be able to

understand and apply cookies in various real time programs.

Algorithm:

Step – 1: Import the following necessary packages:

java.io.*;

javax.servlet.*;

javax.servlet.http.*;

Step – 2: Write a public class that extends the HttpServlet class.

Step – 3: Within the doGet method use the following sequence of

steps:

Define content type

Declare a Print Stream output object to print the output on the Web

Browser

Check to see if there are any cookies by declaring an array of

Cookie objects.

Sample Output



Exercise 6 Reading HTML Form Parameters

using Servlets

Objective: After undertaking this exercise, you should be able to write

programs to create HTML forms and pass parameters to them for

processing by the Web Server

Procedure: Create a HTML Form and write the corresponding server side

code to process the parameters passed.

Step – 1: Write a HTML form as shown in the sample form of Figure 6.1

below.

Step – 2: Import the following packages into your program:

java.util.*;

java.io.*;

javax.servlet.*;

javax.servlet.http*;

Step – 3: Write a Server Side program using java to read the parameters

passed by HTML form using req.getParameter(string) method.

Step – 4: Compile and run the program.

Step – 5: Copy and Paste the .java and the corresponding .class file in the

directory “\Tomcat 5.5\webapps\yourfoldername\WEB-INF\classes”.

Step – 6: Make entries in web.xml file of your WEB-INF directory.

Step – 7: Run the application using the Web Browser.

Sample Input:

Fig. 6.1: HTML Form for entering parameters



Sample Output:

Fig. 6.2: Output of Submit Query



Exercise 7 Servlet Session Tracking

Objective: After the completion of this exercise, you should be able to

understand the implementation of sessions and their usage in real time

applications.

Procedure:

Step – 1: Write the code using Session objects and integer variables in a

.java file and compile it.

Step-2: Copy the corresponding .class file into \Tomcat\webapps\your

folder.

Step – 3: Update the web.xml deployment descriptor with the entries for the

created .class file.

Step – 4: Run the application in a Web browser to see the output.

Algorithm:

Step – 1: Import the following java packages:

java.io.*;

javax.servlet.*;


Step – 2: Create a SessionTracker class that extends HttpServlet.

Step – 3: Override the doGet method as stated below:

3.1: Set the response content type (text / html).

3.2: Create a output object of the PrintWriter class.

3.3: Get the current session object, create one if necessary

3.4: Increment the hit count for this page. This value is saved in

this client’s session under a name, for example, “tracker.count”.

3.5: Display the hit count for this page.



Sample Output:



Exercise 8 Simple Query Execution

using Servlets

Objective: After completing this exercise, you should be able to use a

simple query to connect to a database such as Oracle and execute a select

query to display the result set.

Procedure:

Step – 1: Select a database that you wish to connect to.

Step – 2: Create a user Data Source Name (DSN) for Open Database

Connectivity (ODBC) in the control panel with necessary parameters.

Step – 3: Write the Servlet code indicating the connection string like Data

Source name, User Name, and Password.

Step – 4: Write code to execute the query within the Servlet or JSP

program.

Step – 5: Write code in the Servlet or JSP program to display the result in

the browser window.

Step – 6: Close the application.

Algorithm:

Step - 1: Import the following packages:

java.io.*;

java.sql.*;

javax.servlet.*;


Step - 2: Create a class that extends HttpServlet

Step - 3: Override the doGet method as follows:

3.1 Declare and initialize Connection, Statement, and ResultSet

object variables.

3.2 Define the output content type (MIME)

3.3 Declare an output object variable of PrintWriter Stream.

3.4 Load and Register the Driver (Example: Oracle) using

Class.forName() method.



3.5 Get a connection to the database using getConnection method

of the DriverManager class with the required parameters.

3.6 Create statement object to apply the data processing

operations.

3.7 Execute the SQL query and get the resultset using

executeQuery() method of statement object.

3.8 Display the result set using appropriate HTML tags.

3.9 Write catch blocks for catching exceptions

3.10 Write the closing of connection statements within the finally

blocks.

Sample Output:



Exercise 9 Generating a HTML table based on

Query Results using Servlets

Objective: After completing this exercise, you should be able to generate a

HTML page based on the results of a query.

Procedure: If we desire to display the results of a query in an HTML table, it

would be nice to have some Java code that builds the table automatically

from the ResultSet rather than having to write the same loop-and-display

code over and over. The ResultSetMetaData interface provides a way for a

program to learn about the underlying structure of a query result on the fly.

We can use it to build an object that dynamically generates an HTML table

from a ResultSet.

Algorithm:

Step – 1: Import the following java packages:

java.io.*;

java.sql.*;

Step – 2: Create a class and declare a ResultSet object variable.

Step – 3: In the constructor of the class, use the this variable to initialize the

current instance of the resultset.

Step – 4: Create a public method toString() that returns a String object.

4.1: Declare an output variable of StringBuffer class.

4.2: Start a table to display the result.

4.3: Declare a ResultSetMetaData object and use its

getMetaData() method to retrieve the meta data of the table.

4.4: Declare an integer variable and initialize it with the column

count of the table.

4.5: Title the table with the result set’s column label.

4.6: End the table

4.7: Write a code block to handle exceptions.



Exercise 10 Servlet Life Cycle Demo

Objective: After completing this exercise, you should be able to use various

Servlet life cycle stages in various applications.

Procedure: To complete this exercise, you need to perform the following

steps:

Step – 1: Create a .java file

Step – 2: Compile the .java file and place it in appropriate folders

Step – 3: Create a .HTML File and place it in webapps\userfolder\classes

Step – 4: Make entries in the web.xml file

Step – 5: Run the application

Algorithm:

The lifecycle consists of the following methods:

1. init() method: Once the Servlet has been instantiated, the Web

container calls the init() method. This method allows Servlet perform any

required initialization before being invoked against HTTP requests.

2 service() method: This is the entry point for executing application logic

in a Servlet. The container calls this method in response to incoming

requests. Only after the Servlet has been successfully initialized will the

service() method be called.

3. destroy() method: The container calls this method before removing a

Servlet instance out of service. This might occur if it needs to free some

memory or the Web server is being shut down. Before the container

calls this method, it will give the remaining service() threads time to

finish executing.

Step – 1: Import the Servlet packages.

Step – 2: Write code for doPost() method.

Step –3: Use the request.getParameter() method to get the

parameters.

Step – 4: Create a response stream print object to print the content.

Step – 5: Set the content type (MIME) to be printed.

Step – 6: Obtain a print write object.

Step – 7: Write the code to print the response using PrintWriter object.

Step – 8: Write code for Service method for request processing

Step – 9: Write code for destroy method

Step – 10: Create a web.xml file and with definitions for <Servlet> and

<error page definitions>



Exercise 11 Hello World using JSP

Objective: This exercise is intended to display the string message "Hello

World" every time it is accessed via a web browser with JSP.

Problem Statement: Display the text Hello World using JSP Tags.

Procedure: The following steps guide you the process of running the

application.

Step – 1: Use an editor like notepad to type in the code for the JSP page..

Step – 2: Save the file as HelloWorld.jsp in the Java bin directory.

Step – 3: Copy the .jsp file of Step -2 into webapps/user folder.

Step – 4: Execute the application in a browser as shown below:

Sample Outputs



Exercise 12 Date Display using JSP

Objective: This exercise demonstrates the display of current date and time

using JSP.

Procedure:

1. Write the JSP Code in a notepad file and save it as Date.jsp file in the

bin directory of your Java Installation.

2. Copy the same file Date.jsp in the “\Tomcat 5.5\webapps\

ourfoldername”.

3. Open the browser window and type in the URL of the jsp file.

4. Create a new Date object from java.util package (java.util.Date()).

Sample Output:



Exercise 13 Include Directive Demo using JSP


demonstrate and apply the concepts of file inclusions in a server program.

Problem Statement: Write a .jsp file requests the inclusion, during

compilation, of a copy right file containing HTML disclaimers.

Procedure: The include directive instructs the container to include the

content of the resource in the current JSP, by inserting it, in the JSP in place

of the directive. The file specified should be accessible and available to the

JSP container.

Syntax:

Step – 1: Write a JSP file for inclusion of the sample HTML file.

Step – 2: Place this JSP file in the appropriate directories.

Step – 3: Write the .HTML file and place it in the appropriate directories.

Step – 4: Run the JSP file in the Web Browser.

<%@ include file=”Filename” %>



Exercise 14 Scriptlets Demo using JSP


demonstrate and apply the concepts of scriptlets in a server program.

Problem Statement: Write a scriptlet that executes a loop 10 times, printing

out a message each time to the browser window (using the implicit object

out) and to the System.out stream (i.e. to the console window within which

Tomcat is running).

Procedure: A Scriptlet is a block of Java code that is executed during the

request – processing time, and is enclosed between <% and %> tags. What

the Srciptlet actually does depends on the code itself and can include

producing output for the client. Multiple scriptlets are combined in the

generated Servlet class in the order they appear in the JSP. Scriptlets, like

any other Java code block or method, can modify objects inside them as a

result of method invocations.

In Tomcat, all the code appearing between the <% ad %> tags in the JSP

gets put into the service() method of the Servlet, as is, in the order in which

it appeared. It is therefore processed for every request that the Servlet

receives.

Syntax:

Step – 1: Write the JSP file containing the sriptlet code.

Step – 2: Place this JSP file in the appropriate directories.

Step – 3: Run the JSP file in the Web Browser.

<%Valid Java Code Statements %>



Acknowledgements, References and Suggested Readings:

1) Armstrong, E., Ball, J. et al. The J2EE™ 1.4 Tutorial.

2) Bergsten, H. (2000). Java Server Pages, First Edition. O'Reilly.

3) Farley, J. Java Distributed Computing. O'Reilly.

4) Harold, E. and Means, W.S. XML in a Nutshell. O'Reilly.

5) Hunter, J. and Crawford, W. (1998). Java Servlet Programming, First

edition. O'Reilly.

6) McLaughlin, B. Java and XML. O'Reilly.

7) Neimeyer, P. and Knudsen, J. Learning Java (formerly Exploring Java).

O'Reilly.

Web Sites:

1) Go through Sun Java™ System Application Server Platform Edition 8

Developer’s Guide at http://docs.sun.com/db/doc/817-6087 for

information about developer features of the Application Server.

2) Go through Sun Java™ System Application Server Platform Edition 8

Administration Guide at http://docs.sun.com/db/doc/817-6088 for

information about administering the Application Server.

3) Oracle, JDeveloper http://www.oracle.com/java/

A development environment for Java-based database applications with

support for JSP-based user interfaces.

4) VisualAge for Java (IBM), http://www-4.ibm.com/software/ad/vajava/

An IDE with support for servlet and JSP debugging as well as a wizard

for generation of template code. Available for Windows and Linux.

5) Tomcat (Apache Software Foundation), http://jakarta.apache.org

Tomcat is the official reference implementation for the Servlet and JSP

specifications, developed as an open source product in the Apache

Jakarta project.

_____________________

Server Side Programming – Practical Guidelines

Sikkim Manipal University Page No. i

Guidelines for the Conduct of Practical Exercises

The course titled “Server Side Programming – Practical” bearing the subject

code BT0085 has a weightage of 2 credits and the practical related activities

have to be performed for a duration of 60 Hours. The time allotment for the

same has been indicated in Table 1. It contains 14 Exercises as given in

Table 2.

Guided and Unguided Exercises

The time allocated for various components is given below. The practical

component of “BT0085 – Server Side Programming – Practical” has to be

completed within 7 days of 14 sessions; each session has to be for a

minimum of 3 hours. You are advised to consult the LC Faculty for the

detailed practical schedule.

Table 1: Time allotment for practical activities

Type of Activity Day(s) Sessions Hours

Guided Exercises 7 14 42

Unguided 0.5 1 3

Self Study and Preparation of Record – – 15

Total 7.5 15 60

In the course of these Exercises, the Learning Centre Faculty will provide

you guidance, arrange for demonstration (wherever necessary), and clarify

your doubts.

You are required to follow the instructions provided by the LC Faculty and

observe the demonstration exercises, carry out the exercises, prepare the

Practical Record in accordance with the guidelines mentioned and submit

the Practical Record to your Learning Centre Faculty. Each Exercise has

assessment component, which will be carried out by the LC Faculty. Your

attendance is compulsory for these Exercises.

The assessment during the Guided sessions account for

70 marks (out of a total of 100 marks for 2 credit Practical subject). In

short, during these Guided Exercises, the Learning Centre faculty will offer

you guidance and also perform time-to-time assessment of the work done.


Sikkim Manipal University Page No. ii

The end semester examination will be conducted by the CoE for three

hours for 30 marks, which forms the Unguided Exercise(s) (UGE),

where one or more problem(s) will be assigned to you. The exercise

prescribed as unguided could be based on the concepts underlying guided

exercises, but need not be exactly the same.

To complete the lab course successfully, you have to score a

combined average of 40% (i.e., 40 marks) in both Guided and Unguided

parts together and a minimum of 35% in each part (i.e., 25 in marks in

Guided part and 11 marks in Unguided part). In case of failure in either or

both the parts, you have to redo the concerned part(s).

Instructions

Each exercise should be performed based on the algorithm outlined.

The faculty or the instructor at the LC should demonstrate the execution

process of the software involved.

The student should be motivated to produce the desired output from

each exercise and these outputs should be recorded in the individual

student report.

All the student records should contain the following details with respect to

each and every exercise.

Objective: It should contain a one or two line description of the problem

being solved and the methods or procedures followed.

Procedure: Contains the steps followed to achieve the desired

objective.

Algorithm: A pseudo-code should be written presenting the steps

involved in solving the problem, wherever applicable.

The detailed executable version of the program should be written by

hand and a print out of these executable versions along with sample

outputs should be taken; which should be signed by the concerned LC

Faculty on the date of completion of the exercise and other details

should be recorded as per the table mentioned below.

A record of the work done should be submitted at the end semester

examination.


Sikkim Manipal University Page No. iii

Exercises

The following is the list of experiments to be completed by the students

within the timeline specified by the Learning Center. The detailed algorithm

is outlined in the exercises given in Table 2.

Table 2: List of Exercises

S.No. Title of the Exercise Date Duration (in Hrs)

Remarks

1. Installation, Configuration and Execution of a Servlet

2. Execution of a JSP page

3. Hello World using Servlets

4. Search for prime numbers using Servlets

5. A Simple Cookie using Servlets

6. Reading HTML Form Parameters using Servlets

7. Servlet Session Tracking

8. Simple Query Execution using Servlets

9. Generating a HTML table based on Query Results using Servlets

10. Servlet Life Cycle Demo

11. Hello World using JSP

12. Date Display using JSP

13. Include Directive Demo using JSP

14 Scriptlets Demo using JSP

Faculty Name: Faculty Signature:

Lab Administrator Name: Lab Administrator Signature:

*External Examiner Name: *External Examiner Signature:

(* To be done at the time of final external examination)

Note: Each exercise carries a uniform weightage of 5 Marks.


Sikkim Manipal University Page No. iv

Marks Allotment

Exercise Type Marks Allotted Minimum Pass Marks

Guided Exercises 70 (14 * 5) 25

Unguided Exercises (External

Examination)

30 11

Total Practical Marks 100 Aggregate: 40%

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