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8/13/2019 BSNL Subscribers

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it is the worlds 7th largesttelecommunication company

largest public sector units in India

it provides telecom services with ICTapplication in rural and urban areas

offers wide ranging and most transparenttariff schemes

lends a helping hand to the government foregovernance projects


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Cell phones: 267.23 million (April 2008)

Land Lines: 39.42 million (March 2008)

Yearly Cell phone Addition: 83 million(2007)

Broadband connection: 3.47 million (Feb2008)


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Reliance was the first to introduce cellular system in theyear 2000

Till date estimated users has raised to 201.29millionGSM operates in the range of 900 MHzProvides e-mail, pictures, games, music,internet security including text messagingIncludes national and international roaming


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has been a dominant technology for both voice

and data communicationthere is a communication path between twostationscircuit switching is applied in telephone networksan end to end signal is established and data is

transmitted through full duplex connection


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during heavytraffic, calls are notblockedhas greater

efficiency incomparison to circuitswitchingto stations of

different data ratecan exchange packetsit can carry outdata rate conversion


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BTS in mobile communicationcan connect to the public switchednetwork on the internet

open BTS relies on licensedbandwidthworld first large scale communityLAN network was built ten years ago atburning centre

Components of BTSnetwork and switching subsystembase station subsystemoperations support subsystem

General architectureTrans-receiverPower amplifierCombinerDuplexerAntennaalarm extension system and controlfunction


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ISI54 standard specifies traffic on digital voicechannels

initial implementation triples the calling capacity

of AMPS systems capacity improvements of 6 to 15 times that of

AMPS are possible many blocks of spectrum in 800 MHz and 1900

MHz are used all transmissions are digital


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is a digital air interface, claiming 8 to 15times the capacity of analog

employs a commercial adaptation of

military, spread spectrum and single sideband technology every CDMA cell site can use the same 1.25

MHz band has soft capacity limit


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FirstGeneration

technology

EVOLUTION was launched in Japan by NTTin 1979

it covered the areas of Tokyoover 20 million with 23 basestations

TECHNOLOGY based on analog signaling andcircuit switched technologyuses multiple cell sites

APPLICATION designed for voice and not fordatadesigned for transferring call

from one site to another


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EVOLUTIONfirst implemented on 1991 operating in about 140 countriesestimated about 248 million users

TECHNOLOGYbased on low band digital data signalingit is a combination of FDMA and TDMAuses a 25 MHz frequency spectrum in the 900 MHz bandAPPLICATION

were digitally encrypted and provides high speedintroduction of data services such as e-mail and SMS


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EVOLUTIONit is available to at least oneprovider in several parts of USAfrom 2009

TECHNOLOGY

uses OFDM AND OFDMATECHNOLOGIESbandwidth flexibility between 5to 20 MHzLTE and Wi-Max also comesunder the brand of 4G technology

APPLICATIONSit may allow roaming withwireless local loopit may interact with digital videobroad casting systems


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EVOLUTIONyet to comeTECHNOLOGY

will use the router and switch technologywill provide with 25 Mbps connectivity speedwill provide bi-directional large bandwidth shapingAPPLICATIONoffers high resolution for cell phone userstraffic statistics makes it more accuratealso supports virtual private network


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it can travel as packets over any equipment that supportspacket based communicationit is the current standard for data networksit allows slow transition from direct, connection basedcommunication to VoIP communicationcentral office of VoIP will connect to an IPV6 internetbackbone, which will then connect to the destination office


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it includes location registration, pagingand handover

it should be able to access services at

any location global roaming should be provided with

the help of WLANs

need not do location registration everytime

can instead do concatenated locationregistration

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