brucellosis desease

7/21/2019 Brucellosis Desease

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BRUCELLOSIS

VETERINARY MEDICINE

UBmw2010


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Caused by Brucella abortus

Gram negative

Coccobacilli

Non motile

Dont ferment sugar

Catalase positive

Aerobic, + CO210%

Fastidious

Intracellular obligate


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Brucella species

B. melitensis : goat

B. suis: swine

B. abortus: cattle

B. canis: dog

B. neotomae



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Brucellosis is a sub-acute or chronic disease

which may affect many species of animals.Cattle, sheep, goats, other ruminants and pigs

One of the most important diseases of cattle

Highly contagious

Infection is often not apparent Clinical signs are not pathognomonic

Diagnosis is dependent upon demonstration of

the presence of Brucella spp. either by isolation

of the bacteria or detection of their antigens or

genetic material, or by demonstration of specific

antibody or cell-mediated immune responses.


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Problem:

Public health zoonosis

Economic loss significant Seronegative latent infection can occur

Very long incubation periode

In sexually mature animals the infection localizes

in the reproductive system

Pregnant animals gravid uterus

Typically produces placentitis abortion,premature birth, retained placenta

Usually during the last third of pregnancy

The male epididymitis and orchitis


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Brucellosis may produce abortion in goats or sheep at aboutthe fourth month of pregnancy.


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Epididymitis (tail of epididymides)

in a bull infected by B. melitensis.



Stamp stain (modified Gimenez

method) of vaginal swabs from aborted


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Brucellosis is essentially a disease of animals,

especially domesticated livestock, caused by

bacteria of the Brucella group

Erythritol (saccharide alcohol) : growth stimulant &source of energy of B. abortus, B. melitensis, B.

suis

Fetal tissue >>>>>>>

Placenta >>>>

Testicular tissue >>>

Cattle, pig, goat, sheep


EPIDEMIOLOGI


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Animals affected by Brucella spp.

HOST B. abortus B. meli tensis B. suis B. canis B. ovis

Cattle + + + (rare) - -

Buffaloes + + - - -

Bison + - - - -

Sheep + (rare) + + - +

Goats + (rare) + - - -Swine + (rare) + (rare) + - -

Dogs + + + (rare) + -

Camels + (rare) + - - -

Caribou/R

eindeer

- - + (biovar 4) - -

Elk + - - - -

Horses + + (rare) + (rare) - -

Rodents + (rare) + (rare) + (biovar 5) - -



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Polymorphisme of the natural resistance

associated monocyte protein (NRAMP) gene

Susceptibility to brucella infection




Adult

calves

Infectedherd

abortion

Aborted fetus

Placenta

Genital discharge

Environment

contamination

Ingestion

Mucous membrane:

(vagina, conjunctiva)

SkinVenereal

Infected

colostrum/milk

Infectedbull


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PATHOGENICITY


Portal of entry

Lymphatic channels

RES especially:

supramammarylymphnode

Bacteremia

The uterus

Fetal placenta

Fetus

ABORTUS

7thmonths

-Placenta retained

-hygromas

Bull testicles, epididymis , seminal vesicles infected semen sterility

Regional lymph nodes

Thoracic duct

Circulations bacteremia


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IMMUNITY

Both cellular and humoral are activated

Especially is cellular immunity

Antibody not prevent bacteremia & reinfection

diagnosis

Intracellular obligate bacteria multiply in the

macrophage travel via lymphatic system

lymph nodes circulation internal organ



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DIAGNOSIS

Bacteriologic methods (placental cotyledon, vaginal

discharge, fetal stomach contents, milk)

- Stained/direct smear.Gram stain: -

Acid fast stain: week acid fast organism

- Culture

Serological.Antibody presence in serum/milk

- Rose Bengal Test (RBT): agglutination test

- ELISA

- SAT (Serum Agglutination Test)- CFT (Complement Fixation Test)

- Milk testing

- Milk Ring Test (MRT)

- Intradermal test : Brucellin INRA/ Brucellegene OCBwww.themegallery.com Company Logo


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PREVENTION

Test positive slaughter ineffective

Sanitation & hygiene

Control of animal movement

Vaccination the most effective

- Attenuated B. melitensis strain Rev 1 (sheep, goat)

- Attenuated B. abortus strain 19 (all susceptible species)

- Non-agglutinogenic B. abortus strain RB51

- Recommended to sexually immature female animals

Education programme



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THERAPY

Tetracycline

Doxycycline

Streptomycin

Gentamicine

RifampicinFluoroquinolones

Cotrimoxazole (TMP/SMZ)


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brucellosis desease

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