Broadrick Secondary School Secondary 1 Normal (Academic) Geography EOY Revision Practise Paper (Suggested Answers) Question 1 a) Name two countries where tropical rainforests can be found. Malaysia / Indonesia / Singapore

accept other plausible answers

b) Describe the temperature and rainfall characteristics of the areas where rainforests are found.

Temperature: high, about 26C

Rainfall: high, 1500 - 2500 mm per year

c) Figure 4B shows the structure of tropical rainforests.

Figure 4B

Describe the emergent and canopy layers of the forest shown in Figure 4A.

Emergent tallest layer of more than 30 metres

sticks out above the other trees

Trees have tall, smooth trunks and very few branches

Canopy layer is between 20-30m

Trees are dense/grow close together

Canopy interlocks

d) On your writing paper, draw a leaf and label it to show its drip tips. Why do leaves in the rainforests need drip tips?

Under-

growth

Broadrick Secondary School Secondary 1 Normal (Academic) Geography EOY Revision Practise Paper (Suggested Answers)

2 marks for diagrams with drip tip labelled

They need drip tips to allow water to run off easily (1) to prevent fungi and bacteria from growing on the trees (1)

e) Describe how rainforests provide people with resources and ensure that the water supply of the area is of good quality.

Resources:

Source of timber

Which can be used for construction/made into other products OR

Plants can be made into medicine

e.g. Madagascar periwinkle plant is used to treat childhood leukaemia OR

Food source for people living in the forest

And use the vegetation to build their homes Water quality

Water that flows through the rainforests is filtered by the soil and rocks

Which trap impure materials the water that eventually flows into reservoirs is clean

f) How do logging and cattle ranching activities lead to deforestation?

Logging:

Tropical rainforests are being cut down for tropical hardwoods

Such as teak and mahogany

Which are being highly demanded to be made into other products Cattle ranching:

Large areas are being cleared to create land for cattle to graze

For e.g. many US companies buy land in rainforests of Costa Rica to raise cattle

Accept other relevant points; 2 marks for each cause

Broadrick Secondary School Secondary 1 Normal (Academic) Geography EOY Revision Practise Paper (Suggested Answers) Question 2

a 0657

b 023578

c Southeast

d 655m

e 100m

Question 3

Fig. 1 shows the hydrological cycle.

Fig. 1

Identify the stages of the hydrological cycle shown in Fig. 1. [5]

A: Precipitation B: Evaporation C: Infiltration D: Transpiration E: Condensation

A

B

C

D

E

Trees

Broadrick Secondary School Secondary 1 Normal (Academic) Geography EOY Revision Practise Paper (Suggested Answers) Question 4

(a)(i) Using Fig. 5 only, explain two reasons why Sudan is facing water shortage. Pollution (due to factory)

The water is polluted due to the introduction of pollutants by the factory.

As a result of these pollutants, the water quality of the river will drop and the water becomes unusable.

The supply of fresh water will reduce and this will cause water shortage.

Pollution (due to lack of vegetation)

The lack of vegetation leads to the surface run-off and this washes soil into the river.

This will reduce the quality of water and cause water shortage. Dry Climate

Sudan may be facing irregular distribution of rain throughout the year as seen from the lack of vegetation in the figure.

Due to low rainfall, the rivers could dry up and cause water shortage. Award max 2m for one reason. For each point, provide evidence from the figure.

(a)(ii) Explain one domestic impact of water shortage on the people of Sudan. Increased difficulty in collecting water

Due to the reduction in the supply of fresh water, it will be harder for people to get water from nearby river and they would have to travel long distances.

The water collected may be dirty and this can cause water-borne diseases such as cholera.

Water Rationing

Water is made available only at certain times of the day

It becomes inconvenient for the people as they have wake up early or stay up late to store the water they require for the day.

(b) (i) With reference to Fig. 6, identify the missing taps.

Imported Water

Desalination

Broadrick Secondary School Secondary 1 Normal (Academic) Geography EOY Revision Practise Paper (Suggested Answers) (b)(ii) Describe one advantage of using NEWater.

Not dependent on rainfall because it is produced from used water.

Is ultra-pure and of high quality and is used for the wafer fabrication industry

(b)(iii) Describe one disadvantage of using local catchment water.

Land used for local catchment implies less land is available for other uses such as housing and industry.

When there is little rainfall or a drought, local catchments areas are ineffective.