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BROADBANDSPECIFICATION

GUIDEEverything You Need to Know to Specify a Broadband/RF System

Rev: 130211

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Broadband Specification Guide

This Broadband Specification Guide has been designed to break down a broadband system into simple building blocks to be used when specifying an RF System for any type of facility.

Blonder Tongue Laboratories, Inc. has been in the business of manufacturing equipment for broadband systems for over 60 years. We have taken that knowledge and experience to formulate this Broadband Specification Guide especially for specifiers/architects/engineers using easy-to-understand descriptions accompanied with relevant diagrams.

While the information presented in this guide is intended to help you design a RF systems it is not intended to be applicable or suited to every circumstance which might arise during the design or construction phases of such a system.

The information and diagrams contained in this guide are the exclusive property of Blonder Tongue Laboratories, Inc., and may be reproduced, published for specifying, designing a RF system, or promoting Blonder Tongue products.

No warranty or liability is implied, nor expressed and this guide should not be construed to be a replacement for knowledge and experience provided by a professional RF designer/engineer.

Suggestions or feedback? Simply e-mail us at [email protected] with the subject line of “Broadband Specification Guide.”

©2012 Blonder Tongue Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved. All trademarks are property of their respective owners. Specifications are subject to change without notice.Not responsible for typographical errors.

Introduction

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Table of Contents

Functional System Descriptions and Diagrams:

1. Content from SatelliteSignal From DBS Satellite ................................................................................................................................................................................ 8Digital Satellite Receiver (ASI) to QAM ........................................................................................................................................................... 10HD Satellite Receiver to MPEG2 HD Encoder/QAM ....................................................................................................................................... 12QPSK/8PSK Satellite to QAM ..........................................................................................................................................................................14

2. Content from Over-the-Air Digital Off-Air (8VSB) Reception - Analog Viewing ....................................................................................................................................... 18Digital Off-Air (8VSB) Reception - Digital Viewing (QAM) ............................................................................................................................. 20Digital Off-Air (8VSB) Reception - Digital Viewing (8VSB) ............................................................................................................................. 22Digital Off-Air (8VSB) UHF Reception - Digital Viewing (QAM) with EAS ...................................................................................................... 24EBS/ITFS (QAM) Reception - Analog Viewing ................................................................................................................................................ 26

3. Content from CATV ProviderDigital CATV Clear (QAM) Reception - Analog Viewing ................................................................................................................................. 30Digital CATV Clear (QAM) Reception - Digital Viewing (QAM) ...................................................................................................................... 32Cable TV Feed ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 34Cherry Picking From an Analog Cable TV Feed ............................................................................................................................................. 36Cherry Picking From an Analog Cable TV Feed Using Demod/Remod No Stereo ......................................................................................... 38Preventing Reception of Undesired Programming on Cable TV Feed ............................................................................................................ 40MSO HD Free-to-Guest for Hotels ................................................................................................................................................................. 42

4. Content from Locally Generated SourceLocal Origination ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 46Digital QAM Channel Generation .................................................................................................................................................................. 48Inserting a Local Origination Into a Cable TV Feed ........................................................................................................................................ 50Inserting a Local Origination Above a Cable TV Feed .................................................................................................................................... 52Analog Sub-Channel Return Using Processors ............................................................................................................................................... 54Analog Sub-Channel Return Using Demod/Remod ....................................................................................................................................... 56Digital Sub-Channel Return............................................................................................................................................................................ 58Security Camera Sub-Channel Return.............................................................................................................................................................60

5. IPTV ApplicationsEBS/ITFS (QAM) Reception Distributed via IP ................................................................................................................................................ 62Digital CATV (QAM) Reception - Analog Viewing (via IP) .............................................................................................................................. 64CATV Digital Cherry-Picking with IP Distribution .....................................................................................................................................66Local Origination Encoding for IP Distribution..........................................................................................................................................68CATV/Broadcaster Backhaul System for Remote Originating Content............................................................................................................70

6. RF/Fiber Distribution Coaxial Distribution ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 74Hybrid Fiber and Coax Distribution ................................................................................................................................................................ 80

7. MiscellaneousHigh Speed Broadband Internet .................................................................................................................................................................... 84Remote Power Reset ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 86

Equipment Specification Library ........................................................................................................................................................... 88

Frequency Charts (CATV, CATV QAM, Off-Air) ........................................................................................................................................ 127

CATV Terms & Definitions .................................................................................................................................................................... 135

Blonder Tongue Acronyms .................................................................................................................................................................... 153

CATV & IPTV Acronyms ......................................................................................................................................................................... 154

Additional Reading and Web Listings ............................................................................................................................................... 162

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Safety Instructions

You should always follow these instructions to help ensure against injury to yourself and damage to your equipment.

Read all safety and operating instructions before you operate the unit. Retain all safety and operating instructions for future reference. Heed all warnings on the unit and in the safety and operating instructions. Follow all installation, operating, and use instructions. Unplug the unit from the AC power outlet before cleaning. Use only a damp cloth for cleaning the

exterior of the unit. Do not use accessories or attachments not recommended by Blonder Tongue, as they may cause

hazards, and will void the warranty. Do not operate the unit in high-humidity areas, or expose it to water or moisture. Do not place the unit on an unstable cart, stand, tripod, bracket, or table. The unit may fall, causing

serious personal injury and damage to the unit. Install the unit only in a mounting rack designed for19” rack-mounted equipment.

Do not block or cover slots and openings in the unit. These are provided for ventilation and protectionfrom overheating. Never place the unit near or over a radiator or heat register. Do not place the unitin an enclosure such as a cabinet without proper ventilation. Do not mount equipment in the rackspace directly above or below the unit.

Operate the unit using only the type of power source indicated on the marking label. Unplug the unitpower cord by gripping the plug, not the cord.

The unit is equipped with a three-wire ground-type plug. This plug will fit only into a ground-typepower outlet. If you are unable to insert the plug into the outlet, contact an electrician to replace theoutlet. Do not defeat the safety purpose of the ground-type plug.

Route power supply cords so that they are not likely to be walked on or pinched by items placed uponor against them. Pay particular attention to cords at plugs, convenience receptacles, and the pointwhere they exit from the unit.

Be sure that the outdoor components of the antenna system are grounded in accordance with local, federal, andNational Electrical Code (NEC) requirements. Pay special attention to NEC Sections 810 and 820.See the example shown in the following diagram:

Satellite Dish

Coaxial Cablefrom Satellite Dish

Electric ServiceEquipment

Power ServiceGroundingElectrode System(NEC Art. 250, Part H)

Ground Clamps

Grounding Conductors(NEC Section 810-21)

Antenna Discharge Unit(NEC Section 810-20)

Ground Clamp

Safety Instructions

5


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Section One:Content from Satellite


8

Functionality

This system will allow you to receive any channel that is available via the small dish satellite and distribute it through the facility. This signal can now be handed off to a traditional coaxial distribution network or a hybrid fiber/coaxial distribution network within the facility.

In the early 1990’s the advent of the high power, direct broadcast satellite marked a turning point for reception of satellite signals. Prior to DBS, very large satellite antennas (10 + feet), or dishes, were required to receive and amplify programming. The average commercial grade DBS is no more that 3 feet across, and can be mounted virtually anywhere. The reception and processing of DBS satellite signals in theory is no different than the off air models presented earlier, there are only differences in the electronics employed to do the job.

In Depth Description

The start of the system is the dish itself. There are many different types of DBS satellite dishes and mounts on the market, each intended for a different purpose. It is critical to the system operation that the satellite dish and LNBf are matched for proper operation. The correct units are based upon the desired programming to be received. The site must have a dish mounted on the outside of the building to receive these signals. If there is not adequate reception to hand off to the satellite receiver, an in-line amplifier may need to be employed. Since the necessity of an in-line amplifier can not be determined until a site survey is performed, it is advisable to specify the in-line amplifier, “as required by site survey”.

The satellite receiver is the piece of electronics that accepts the signal from the satellite dish, and provides a baseband audio and video that can be presented to a modulator. It is the job of the modulator to take the audio and video and make them in to a cable TV channel.

This channel can then be combined with other locally generated channels or a cable TV feed. This combining should be done with professional quality equipment and at the correct level to prevent the channels from interfering with each other. If you pick one product from each category on the next page, you will have all of the components to ensure a working design. Once all of the products are identified, the specifications can be looked up in the specification library at the end of this publication.

Signal From DBS Satellite


9

1

Functional Block DiagramFunctional Block Diagram

H

(COMBINER)- HPC-8 COMBINER #5791- HPC-12 COMBINER #5792- HPC-24 COMBINER # 5790 - HPC-32 COMBINER # 5796

(MODULATOR)- AM-60-550 # 59416- AM-60-860/OPT. 5 # 59415A / 5905 (AGILE 860 MHz STEREO)- MICM-45D #7797D (MODULAR FIXED CHANNEL)- MICM-45DS #7797DS (MODULAR FIXED CHANNEL - STEREO)- AMCM-860 #7766D (MODULAR-AGILE)

F

(RECEIVER)(BY OTHERS)

E

(MULTISWITCH)- SMR-1600 # 6467

D

C

B

B

(DISH/LNB)(BY OTHERS)

AA

C

#__

H

G (AMPLIFIER)- RMDA 550-30P # 5500P53- RMDA 750-30P # 5500P73- RMDA 860-30P # 5500P83- RMDA 860-43P # 5500P84- BIDA 55A-30P # 5800P53- BIDA 75A-30P # 5800P73- BIDA 86A-30P # 5800P83- BIDA 55A-43P # 5800P54- BIDA 75A-43P # 5800P74- BIDA 86A-43P # 5800P84- BIDA 100A-30 # 5800-13

(MODULAR RACK CHASSIS & POWER SUPPLY)- MIRC-4D # 7711 - MIRC-12V # 7715 MIPS-12D # 7722D

D

E

F

G

T

Signal From DBS Satellite


10

Digital Satellite Receiver (ASI) -> QAM

Functionality

This system will allow you to generate a digital television channel using QAM modulation from a MPEG-2 ASI (Asynchronous Serial Interface) digital transport stream from a digital satellite receiver. This application assumes that all the TV’s in the system are capable of receiving QAM television channels either directly with an HDTV ready TV with an integrated 8VSB/QAM tuner or through the use of set-top converter boxes.


The QAM Modulator is the basic unit of digital cable transmission. The AQM is designed to accept a DVB based MPEG-2 ASI (Asynchronous Serial Interface) digital transport stream and modulate it into a QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) signal. The AQM also integrates a super low noise upconverter in the compact modular unit. The built in advanced bit stuffing circuitry ensures that Null Packets are inserted into the ASI transport stream if needed to ensure the correct baud rate is transmitted. Unit programming is easily accomplished through the front panel navigation buttons and LCD menuing system.

When the new QAM signal is combined with other analog channels in the system the level should be attenuated so that it is 6—10 dB below the adjacent analog signals, (typically 6 dB for 256 & above and 10 dB for 64 QAM). It is always recommended to set the unit output level at the +40 dBmV and externally attenuate for optimal noise performance. Once all of the products are identified, the specifications can be looked up in the specification library at the end of this publication.


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1

Functional Block Diagram

Digital Satellite Receiver (ASI) QAM

A

B

D

A

B

C

C

D

(MODULAR RACK CHASSIS & POWER SUPPLY) - MIRC-12V # 7715 (12 SLOT CHASSIS AND - MIPS-12D # 7722D (12 UNIT POWER SUPPLY)

(COMBINER) - HPC-8 COMBINER #5791 - HPC-12 COMBINER #5792 - HPC-24 COMBINER # 5790 - HPC-32 COMBINER # 5796

(QAM MODULATOR X6) - AQM # 6271 B

(DIGITAL SATELLITE RECEIVER)(BY OTHERS)

SATELLITE RECEIVER (6)

(X6)

QAM Channel Output

ASI


12

HD Satellite Receiver to MPEG2 HD Encoder/QAM

Functionality

This system receives four (4) high definition program sources from digital satellite receivers and provides MPEG-2 encoding and QAM modulation for distribution over a standard coaxial system. HD TV’s with QAM tuners are required for viewing.


The HDE-2H/2S-QAM encoder accepts inputs from the satellite receivers in any of the following formats: (4) component video inputs, (2) HD-SDI, and (2) HDMI (unencrypted). The HDE-4S-QAM encoder also has (4) component inputs, but has (4) HD-SDI inputs and no HDMI inputs. Any 4 input connector combinations can be used. Example: 2 component + 2 HDMI, or 2 component + 1 HDMI + 1 HD-SDI, etc..

The MPEG-2 encoded outputs are provided in QAM RF as well as GigE (1000Base-T Ethernet) and ASI simultaneously. Only the QAM output is used in this particular application. The QAM output consists of 4 adjacent channels. The HDE Series encoders can be configured for either one program per QAM channel, or two programs per QAM channel for greater bandwidth efficiency. Additionally any unused QAM channels can be individually turned off.

Dolby® Digital audio encoding, and Closed Captioning (EIA-608 and EIA-708) are also supported by the encoders. An Emergency Alert System (EAS) interface is also provided.

The HDE Series feature local/remote monitoring and control using a standard Web browser via a front-panel 10/100Base-T Ethernet connection.

The encoder’s QAM output is connected to the headend combiner, combining with analog or other digital channels to launch into the headend amplifier and distribution network.

IMPORTANT NOTE: Most HD content is copyrighted and typically DRM (Digital Rights Management) protected. Operators must get approval from their provider(s) to legally distribute content in this manner.

Once all of the products are identified, the specifications can be looked up in the specification library at the end of this publication.


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1


(COMBINER)- HPC-8 COMBINER #5791- HPC-12 COMBINER #5792- HPC-24 COMBINER # 5790- HPC-32 COMBINER # 5796

D

C

A

E

E

A

#__

(AMPLIFIER)- RMDA 550-30P # 5500P53- RMDA 750-30P # 5500P73- RMDA 860-30P # 5500P83- RMDA 860-43P # 5500P84- BIDA 55A-30P # 5800P53- BIDA 75A-30P # 5800P73- BIDA 86A-30P # 5800P83- BIDA 55A-43P # 5800P54- BIDA 75A-43P # 5800P74- BIDA 86A-43P # 5800P84- BIDA 100A-30 # 5800-13

B

HD Satellite Receiver to MPEG2 HD Encoder/QAM

D

C

(DISH/LNB)(BY OTHERS)

(HD SATELLITE RX)(BY OTHERS)

COMPONENT VIDEOL/R AUDIO

(MPEG2 HD ENCODER/QAM) -HDE-2H/2S-QAM #6379 -HDE-4S-QAM #6374

B


14

QPSK/8PSK Satellite to QAM

Functionality

This system is an alternative to L-BAND distribution for delivering Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS) services such as the Dish Network to customers residing in large MDU’s. It eliminates L-BAND’s 2GHz high frequency- multiple cable design requirements by transcoding each of the typically 27 MHz wide QPSK / 8PSK modulated satellite transponders to 6 MHz wide QAM channels. All transmitted programs within each satellite transponder are present in the transcoded output QAM channel. One transcoder is required for each desired transponder. A system typically will contain 60 or more transcoder modules (QTM’s) for program delivery. Standard coaxial CATV distribution can now be used for service delivery. At each subscriber location an authorized Dish QAM set-top box or a Dish Q-Box with a Dish satellite receiver is used.


The QT Series consists of QTM transcoder modules, a QTPCM power supply and control module and a QTRC rack chassis. Each QTRC accommodates eight (8) QTM’s and (1) QTPCM as shown in the drawing. Other components used are the QTRFS 8-way L-Band splitter which splits the L-BAND signal from the dish/LNB to the inputs of the transcoder modules, and the QTRFC 8-way combiner that combines the (8) RF outputs. Each QTM has an input tuner capable of receiving transponders from a single polarity or stacked LNB operating in the 950-2150 MHz frequency range. The QTM transcodes or converts to a QAM channel in the frequency range of 54-864 MHz. All set-up and control of the QTM’s are done through the QTPCM module. Optional web servers are available to provide remote control and monitoring via an IP connection using a computer with a standard web browser. The QT-HWS-II uses 1 slot in the QTRC and the QT-HWS-A is a standalone 1RU version. Only one (1) webserver is required per headend location.

The QT rack outputs can then be combined with analog and other digital channels via standard headend combiners for connection to the distribution system.

When adding to an existing system, make sure the current distribution system is suitable and has the necessary bandwidth to accommodate the new channels beforehand!

Service subscribers will require authorized Dish QAM set-top boxes or Dish Q-Boxes with Dish satellite receivers. Once all of the products are identified, the specifications can be looked up in the specification library at the end of this publication.


15

1

A

B

C

D

E

F

A

B

C

D

E

F

(DISH/LNB) (BY OTHERS)

(8 WAY SPLITTER) - QTRFS #6234-2

(TRANSCODER) - QTM-HD #6241A

(POWER SUPPLY/CONTROL) - QTPCM PLUS #6232B

(RACK CHASSIS) - QTRC #6233

(8 PORT COMBINER) - QTRFC #6234-1

QPSK/8PSK Satellite to QAM



16



17

Section Two:Content from Over-the-Air


18

Digital Off-Air (8VSB) Reception - Analog Viewing

Functionality

This system will allow you to receive the local, digital (8VSB) off-air broadcast programming that is available in the market and distribute it through the facility in a format that can be viewed by the existing analog televisions. The output signal can be delivered via a traditional coaxial or HFC distribution network. This application assumes that all of the televisions in the system have analog tuners and therefore cannot receive the digital channel directly.

In Depth Discussion

Antennas are selected based on the frequency/channel that is to be received, not the content, all off-air/broadcast antennas will receive both analog and digital signals, however receiving the new digital off-air channel may require a new antenna because of the new channel frequency assignment of the digital channel. The requirement for a pre-amp or not cannot be determined until a site survey is performed. It’s advisable to specify one “as required by site survey”. The pre-amplifier is mounted outside on the antenna mast, and requires a separate power supply that is mounted in the building. The appropriate power supply for the preamplifier being used must be specified separately. The AQD Digital Demodulator is the system component that receives the off-air digital channel and tunes to a particular program (within the channel) if multiple programs are transmitted. The digital demodulator provides analog, baseband audio and video outputs to connect an analog modulator. This modulator then creates the new channel that will be viewed by the existing analog televisions. It is common practice to re-modulate onto unused VHF or CATV channels to minimize distribution losses and make it easier to construct and manage the system. When the new channel is combined with other channels in the facility it must be done at the correct level so that the signals do not interfere with each other. Selecting one product from each category on the following page will insure you will have all the necessary components for a working system. Once all of the products are identified, the specifications can be looked up in the specification library at the end of this publication.


19

2


Digital Of f Air (8VSB) Reception - Analog V iewing

A

B

C

I

A

B

C

D

E

F

I

(ANT ENNA) - BT Y- 10-U # 4873 (SINGLE CH UHF) - BT Y- UHF-BB # 4875 (BROADBAND UHF ) (PRE-AMPLIFIER - UHF) - SCMA-Ub # 4426 (SINGLE CH) - CMA-Uc # 1264 (BROADBAND UHF)

(PRE-AMPLIFIER POWER SUPPLY) - PS-1526 # 1526

(8VSB/QAM DEMODULATOR) - AQD # 6245 (REQUIRES “E”) ** OPTIONAL - AQD-RCS # 2730 (Remote Config Server)

(MODULAR RACK CHASSIS & POWER SUPPLY) - QTRC # 6233 (CHASSIS) AND AQD-PCM # 6246 (POWER SUPPLY)

(COMBINER)

- HPC-24 COMBINER # 5790 - HPC-32 COMBINER # 5796

(AMPLIFIER) - RMDA 550-30P # 5500P53 - RMDA 750-30P # 5500P73 - RMDA 860-30P # 5500P83 - RMDA 860-43P # 5500P84 - BIDA 55A-30P # 5800P53 - BIDA 75A-30P # 5800P73 - BIDA 86A-30P # 5800P83 - BIDA 55A-43P # 5800P54 - BIDA 75A-43P # 5800P74 - BIDA 86A-43P # 5800P84 - BIDA 100A-30 # 5800-13

E

H

G

G

(MODULATOR) - AM-60-860 / OPT. 5 # 59415A/5905 (AGILE 860 MHz STEREO)

- MICM-45D #7797D (MODULAR FIXED CHANNEL) - MICM-45DS # 7797DS (MODULAR FIXED CHANNEL - STEREO) - AMCM-860 # 7766D (MODULAR - AGILE)

H

(MODULAR RACK CHASSIS & POWER SUPPLY) - MIRC-4D # 7711 (4 SLOT CHASSIS & POWER SUPPLY) - MIRC-12V # 7715 (12 SLOT CHASSIS) AND MIPS-12D # 7722D (12 UNIT POWER SUPPLY)

** THE FOLLOWING MUST BE USED WITH “G”

F

D

- HPC-8 COMBINER #5791- HPC-12 COMBINER #5792


20

Functionality

It is common for digital televisions to only lock to digital CATV QAM signals when the digital television is set or tuned to the “CATV” mode. This creates difficulties for systems/facilities transmitting standard ATSC digital off-air or broadcast 8VSB signals. This solution solves this problem by converting an entire 8VSB digital off-air channel to a digital QAM signal. This new QAM channel will be available in the CATV band permitting the current generation of digital televisions that are integrated with QAM tuners to easily tune and display the television picture. This eliminates the problem of having to reprogram the television every time the customer wants to switch between digital CATV and digital off-air channels.


Antennas are selected based on the frequency/channel that is to be received, not the content, all off-air/broadcast antennas will receive both analog and digital signals, however receiving the new digital off-air channel may require a new antenna because of the new channel frequency assignment of the digital channel. The requirement for a pre-amp or not cannot be determined until a site survey is performed. It’s advisable to specify one “as required by site survey”. The pre-amplifier is mounted outside on the antenna mast, and requires a separate power supply that is mounted in the building. The appropriate power supply for the preamplifier being used must be specified separately. The AQT, ATSC to QAM Transcoder, is the system component that receives the off-air digital (8VSB) channel and changes the modulation scheme. The ATSC to QAM Transcoder is a modular unit that receives either an 8VSB (Digital Off-air) or QAM (Digital CATV) signal, and transcodes it to any CATV QAM channel. The transcoding enables televisions with QAM digital tuners to seamlessly view the 8VSB Off-air digital signals on cable television frequency assignments without having to change the television tuner input from ‘CATV’ mode to ‘Off- Air’ mode. The input digital signal is stripped of it’s original digital modulation (8VSB or QAM), leaving just the basic data stream. The AQT then creates a new, clean QAM carrier and reinserts the original data stream on to this new QAM carrier. If the original channel was encrypted, it will remain encrypted, if the original channel was in the clear, it will remain in the clear. Selecting one product from each category on the following page will insure you will have all the necessary components for a working system. Once all of the products are identified, the specifications can be looked up in the specification library at the end of this publication.

Digital Off-Air (8VSB) Reception - Digital Viewing (QAM)


21

2


Digital Off-Air (8VSB) Reception - Digital Viewing (QAM)

A

B

C

D E

F

G

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

(ANTENNA) - BTY-10-U # 4873 (SINGLE CH UHF) - BTY-UHF-BB # 4875 (BROADBAND UHF)

(PRE-AMPLIFIER - UHF)- SCMA-Ub # 4426 (SINGLE CH) - CMA-Uc # 1264 (BROADBAND UHF)


(8VSB/QAM TO QAM TRANSCODER) - AQT # 6275

(MODULAR RACK CHASSIS & POWER SUPPLY) - QTRC # 6233 (8 SLOT CHASSIS) AND AQT-PCM # 6276 (POWER SUPPLY) ** OPTIONAL - AQT-RCS # 2736 (REMOTE CONFIG SERVER)

(COMBINER)





22

Functionality

This system will allow you to receive the local, digital (8VSB) off-air broadcast programming that is available in the market and distribute it through the facility in it’s original digital format. This signal can now be handed off to a traditional coaxial distribution network or a hybrid fiber/coax distribution network within the facility. A digital television with an 8VSB tuner is required to display this channel. The main component difference between a digital and standard analog channel in the headend is the channel processor. Because of signal format differences, the digital signal requires a digital channel processor that is specifically designed for digital off-air broadcasts. It is important to note that standard analog channel processors will not work on digital channels and standard television sets will not receive digitally transmitted programs.

In Depth Discussion

Antennas are selected based on the frequency/channel that is to be received, not the content, all off-air/broadcast antennas will receive both analog and digital signals, however receiving the new digital off-air channel may require a new antenna because of the new channel frequency assignment of the digital channel. Since the necessity of a pre-amp cannot be determined until a site survey is performed, it is advisable to specify one “as required by site survey”. The pre-amplifier is mounted outside on the antenna mast, and requires a separate power supply that is mounted in the building. The appropriate power supply for the preamplifier being used must be specified separately. The digital processor is the system component that filters and amplifies to condition the particular channel being received. The processor can convert the received channel to another channel for output onto the system. It is common practice to convert desired local UHF channels to non-broadcast VHF channels in the market. This is done to minimize losses, and make it easier to construct and manage the distribution network. When the new channel is combined with other channels in the facility it must be done at the correct level so that the signals do not interfere with each other. Digitally modulated carriers (ATSC, 8VSB, QAM) should have an output signal level that is about 10 dB less than it’s equivalent analog channel. Selecting one product from each category on the following page will insure you will have all the necessary components for a working system. Once all of the products are identified, the specifications can be looked up in the specification library at the end of this publication.

Digital Off-Air (8VSB) Reception - Digital Viewing (8VSB)


23

2

Digital Off-Air (8VSB) Reception - Digital Viewing (8VSB)

A

B

C

D

F

A

B

C

D

E

F

G


(PRE-AMPLIFIER - UHF) - SCMA-Ub # 4426 (SINGLE CH) - CMA-Uc # 1264 (BROADBAND UHF)


(HIGH DEFINITION PROCESSOR) - DHDP- V Combo # 6266A

(MODULAR RACK CHASSIS & POWER SUPPLY) - MIRC12V # 7715 (12 SLOT CHASSIS) AND MIPS-12D # 7722D (12 UNIT POWER SUPPLY)

(COMBINER) - HPC-8 COMBINER #5791- HPC-12 COMBINER #5792



G

E

(OCCUPIES 2 SLOTS IN CHASSIS)



24

Functionality

It is common for digital televisions to only lock to digital CATV QAM signals when the digital television is set or tuned to the “CATV” mode. This creates difficulties for systems/facilities transmitting standard ATSC digital off-air or broadcast 8VSB signals. This solution solves this problem by transcoding the 8VSB digital off-air channel to a digital QAM signal. This new QAM channel will be available in the CATV band permitting the current generation of digital televisions that are integrated with QAM tuners to easily tune and display the television picture. This eliminates the problem of having to reprogram the television every time the customer wants to switch between digital CATV and digital off-air channels. Additionally this system provides program filtering and multiplexing of the two 8VSB channel inputs into a single QAM output channel. It also features EAS (Emergency Alert System) capability and PSIP manipulation for user assigned virtual channel assignments.

In Depth Discussion

Antennas are selected based on the frequency/channel that is to be received, not the content, all off-air/ broadcast antennas will receive both analog and digital signals, however receiving the new digital off-air channel may require a new antenna because of the new channel frequency assignment of the digital channel. The requirement for a pre-amp or not cannot be determined until a site survey is performed. It’s advisable to specify one “as required by site survey”. The pre-amplifier is mounted outside on the antenna mast, and requires a separate power supply that is mounted in the building. The appropriate power supply for the preamplifier being used must be specified separately.

The MUX-2D-QAM, 8VSB/QAM Multiplexer, is the system component that receives the off-air digital (8VSB) channel and changes the modulation scheme from ATSC to QAM. The MUX-2D-QAM has two RF inputs, receiving either 8VSB (Digital Off-air) or QAM (Digital CATV) signals, transcoding then multiplexing them into one CATV QAM channel from 2 to 125. The transcoding enables televisions with QAM digital tuners to seamlessly view the 8VSB Off-air digital signals on cable television frequency assignments without having to change the television tuner input from ‘CATV’ mode to ‘Off- Air’ mode. The MUX-2D-QAM also provides the user with the ability to filter out selected programs on each of the 2 RF inputs. Undesired programs can be eliminated with the added benefit of grooming the output to fall within the maximum allowable QAM 256 bit rate of 38.8 Mbps (twice the capacity of 8VSB). The EAS (Emergency Alert System) capability over-rides all output programs with a locally inserted EAS message in ASI format when triggered by either 5-12 VDC or dry contact closure.

Selecting one product from each category on the following page will insure you will have all the necessary components for a working system. Once all of the products are identified, the specifications can be looked up in the specification library at the end of this publication.

Digital Off-Air (8VSB) UHF Reception - Digital Viewing (QAM) with EAS


25

2


Digital Off-Air (8VSB) UHF Reception - Digital Viewing (QAM) with EAS

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

A

B

C

D

E

F

G


(PRE-AMPLIFIER - UHF)- SCMA-Ub # 4426 (SINGLE CH) - CMA-Uc # 1264 (BROADBAND UHF)


(8VSB/QAM TO QAM MULTIPLEXER) - MUX-2D-QAM #6504

(SPLITTER)- SXRS-4 #1924

(COMBINER)



EAS INPUT(ASI FORMAT)

- DQMx #6259A-0X (DOES NOT HAVE EAS) (X = 1 TO 4 RF INPUTS)

OUT



26

Functionality

Any facility that wants to utilize a digital EBS/ITFS feed as a source for their analog televisions will need to convert the digital signals back to analog. This system will allow you to receive the digital EBS/ITFS (QAM) channel transmission and distribute it to the conventional analog televisions in the facility. The output signal can be delivered via a traditional coaxial or HFC distribution network. This application assumes that all the TV’s in the system are analog and therefore cannot receive the digital channel directly.

In Depth Discussion

The method to utilizing a digital EBS/ITFS signal is to employ an AQD Digital Demodulator and modulator in series. The AQD is an agile device that can be set up to receive a digital EBS/ITFS channel input signal from an EBS/ITFS downconverter. Its function is to extract the audio and video information from the digital carrier and provide separate analog audio and video output signals. These separate audio and video feeds, also called baseband audio and video, are then applied to an analog modulator. It is the job of the modulator to take the audio and video and make them in to a NTSC cable TV channel that can be viewed by the existing analog televisions. This channel can then be combined with other channels that have been created at the property. It is common practice to re-modulate onto unused VHF or CATV channels to minimize distribution losses and make it easier to construct and manage the system. When the new channel is combined with other channels in the facility it must be done at the correct level so that the signals do not interfere with each other. The keys to success in this system are making sure that the AQD demodulators have enough input signal to function correctly and making sure that the modulator is adjusted correctly for proper output level. Selecting one product from each category on the following page will insure you will have all the necessary components for a working system. Once all of the products are identified, the specifications can be looked up in the specification library at the end of this publication.

EBS/ITFS (QAM) Reception - Analog Viewing


27

2


EBS/ITFS (QAM) Reception - Analog Viewing

C

F

A

B

C

D

E

F

(SPLITTERS) - SXRS-4 # 1924(8VSB/QAM DEMODULATOR) - AQD # 6245 (REQUIRES “F”)


(COMBINER)


E

G

G (MODULATOR) - AM-60-860 / OPT. 5 # 59415A/5905 (AGILE 860 MHz STEREO)

- MICM-45D #7797D (MODULAR FIXED CHANNEL) - MICM-45DS # 7797DS (MODULAR FIXED CHANNEL - STEREO) - AMCM-860 # 7766D (MODULAR - AGILE)

(MODULAR RACK CHASSIS & POWER SUPPLY) - MIRC-4D # 7711 (4 SLOT CHASSIS & POWER SUPPLY) - MIRC-12V # 7715 (12 SLOT CHASSIS) AND MIPS-12D # 7722D (12 UNIT POWER SUPPLY)

D

A

B

(ITFS Down Converter Power Supply) - By Others

(ITFS Down Converter) - By Others

(ITFS ANTENNA) - By Others

H

I

J

H

I

J


- MDDM 860 #6273 (RQUIRES “H”)



28



29

Section Three:Content from CATV Provider


30

Digital CATV Clear (QAM) Reception - Analog Viewing

Functionality

Any facility that wants to utilize a digital cable television feed as a source for their analog televisions will need to convert the digital signals back to analog for the analog televisions. This system will allow you to receive a digital non-encrypted (clear) QAM channel from the local cable company and distribute it to conventional analog televisions in the facility. The output signal can be delivered via a traditional coaxial or HFC distribution network. This application assumes that all the TV’s in the system are analog and therefore cannot receive the digital channel directly.

In Depth Discussion

The method of utilizing a digital CATV signal is to employ an Digital Demodulator and modulator in series. The Digital Demodulator is an agile device that can be set up to receive a digital CATV channel input signal. Its function is to extract the audio and video information from the digital carrier and provide separate analog audio and video output signals. These separate audio and video feeds, also called baseband audio and video, are then applied to a modulator. It is the job of the modulator to take the audio and video and make them in to a cable TV channel that can be viewed by the existing analog televisions. This channel can then be combined with other channels that have been created at the property. It is common practice to re-modulate onto unused VHF or CATV channels to minimize distribution losses and make it easier to construct and manage the system. When the new channel is combined with other channels in the facility it must be done at the correct level so that the signals do not interfere with each other. The keys to success in this system are making sure that the demodulators have enough input signal to function correctly and making sure that the modulator is adjusted correctly for proper output level. Selecting one product from each category on the following page will insure you will have all the necessary components for a working system. Once all of the products are identified, the specifications can be looked up in the specification library at the end of this publication.


31

3


Digital CATV Clear (QAM) Reception - Analog Viewing

A

C

F

A

B

C

D

E

F

(SPLITTERS) - SXRS-4 # 1924 (8VSB/QAM DEMODUL AT OR) - AQD # 6245 (REQUIRES “C”) ** OPTIONAL - AQD-RCS # 2730 (REMOTE CONFIG SERVER)

(MODULAR RACK CHASSIS & PO WE R SUPPL Y) - AQD-CH # 6233 (CHASSIS) A ND AQD-PCM # 6246 (POW ER SUPPL Y)

(COMBINER)



E

G G

(MODUL AT OR) - AM-60-860 / OPT. 5 # 59415A/5905 (AGILE 860 MHz STEREO)

- MICM-45D #7797D (MODULAR FIXED CHANNEL) - MICM-45DS # 7797DS (MODULAR FIXED CHANNEL- STEREO) - AMCM-860 # 7766D (MODULAR - AGILE)(MODULAR RACK CHASSIS & POWER SUPPLY) - MIRC-4D # 7711 (4 SLOT CHASSIS & POWER SUPPLY) - MIRC-12V # 7715 (12 SLOT CHASSIS) AND MIPS-12C # 7722C (12 UNIT POWER SUPPLY)

FEED FROM CA TV

B

D



32

Digital CATV Clear (QAM) Reception - Digital Viewing (QAM)

Functionality

This system is the digital version of a traditional ‘Cherry Picker’ system. The system will allow you to select a few desired digital channels from the local Cable Television Company, and ignore the undesired channels. These desired digital channels can then be redistributed through the existing hybrid fiber / coaxial network within the facility. This is extremely valuable if a large facility only has a 450 MHz distribution network, and the MSO’s digital offering starts at 650 MHz, there is no room for the digital tier without a costly network upgrade. The transcoder/processor can receive the desired high frequency clear (non encrypted) QAM channels and transcode them to available channels within the existing 450 MHz network, delivering the desired CATV QAM channels, while preventing a costly network upgrade. It can be viewed on any television with a QAM digital tuner set to “CATV” mode.

In Depth Discussion

The ATSC to QAM Transcoder (AQT) and ATSC to QAM Processor (AQP) receive the QAM (Digital CATV) signal and transcodes it to another CATV QAM channel. The unit can be used to ‘Cherry Pick’ selected digital channels from the existing CATV QAM digital lineup and process it for redistribution. If the original CATV QAM channel was encrypted, it will remain encrypted, requiring an authorized set-top for viewing. If the original CATV QAM channel was in the clear, it will remain in the clear, and can be viewed on any television with a QAM digital tuner set to “CATV” mode. This system will allow the facilities operator to insert the selected CATV QAM carriers in to a bandwidth limited private CATV network. The input digital signal is stripped of it’s original QAM digital modulation, leaving just the basic data stream. The AQT/AQP then creates a new, clean QAM carrier and reinserts the original data stream on to this new QAM carrier. Selecting one product from each category on the following page will insure you will have all the necessary components for a working system. Once all of the products are identified, the specifications can be looked up in the specification library at the end of this publication.


33

3


Digital CATV Clear (QAM) Reception - Digital Viewing (QAM)

A

B

C

D

E

A

B

C

D

E

(8VSB/QAM TO QAM TRANSCODER) - AQT # 6275

(MODULAR RACK CHASSIS & POWER SUPPLY) - QTRC # 6233 (8 SLOT CHASSIS) AND AQT-PCM # 6276 (POWER SUPPLY) ** OPTIONAL - AQT-RCS # 2736 (REMOTE CONFIG SERVER)

(COMBINER)



FEED FROM CA TV

(SPLITTERS) - SXRS-4 # 1924


- AQP # 6268


34

Functionality

This system will allow you to distribute the local cable TV company’s signal through the facility. This signal can now be handed off to a traditional coaxial distribution network or a hybrid fiber/coaxial distribution network within the facility.


The most basic of sources for programming is a feed from the local cable TV company. In order to dis-tribute their signal through out the building, there will need to be some sort of signal amplification. It is important that the amplifier be of the correct size in order to pass all of the cable TV companies signals properly. If a local cable TV feed is going to be used, the specifier should contact the local cable TV company and ask, “what is the highest frequency that your system passes?” The answer should be a three-digit number ending with the unit of measure mega-hertz (MHz). The amplifier that is specified should be rated at a higher frequency.

All of the passive devices that are used to split and tap off the signal in the system must be of a very high RFI shielding. When a building system ties in to a cable TV systems feed, that building is subject to the same FCC rules that the cable TV company is. If they have a system that is poorly constructed and leaking signal, the cable TV company has the right to disconnect the building until the problems are fixed.

Often these problems stem from poor construction practices, low quality connectors, splitters or taps. For more information, please refer to “Coaxial Distribution” in this section of the guide. If you pick one product from each category on the following pages, you will have all the components to ensure a working design. Once all of the products are identified, the specifications can be looked up in the specification library at the end of this publication.

Cable TV Feed


35

3


Cable TV Feed

A A

(AMPLIFIER) - RMDA 550-30P # 5500P53 - RMDA 750-30P # 5500P73 - RMDA 860-30P # 5500P83 - RMDA 860-43P # 5500P84 - RMDA 86A-30 # 5200-83 - BIDA 55A-30P # 5800P53 - BIDA 75A-30P # 5800P73 - BIDA 86A-30P # 5800P83 - BIDA 55A-43P # 5800P54 - BIDA 75A-43P # 5800P74 - BIDA 86A-43P # 5800P84 - BIDA 100A-30 # 5800-13

CATV INPUT

TO DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

SEE COAXIAL DISTRIBUTION IN THIS SECTION


36

Functionality

This system will allow you to select a few desired channels from the local cable TV company and ignore all of the other undesired channels. This signal can now be handed off to a traditional coaxial distribution network or a hybrid fiber / coaxial distribution network within the facility.


There are two different sets of electronics that can be employed to create the desired channel line up. The first method is to employ a channel processor. Channel processors come in several different versions, but all do basically the same thing, they take one channel on the input, and convert it into another on the output. If the channel line up is known well in advance, fixed processors can be used to minimize cost. The downside of fixed processors is that if the local cable TV company changes it’s channel line up, another processor would need to be purchased.

Agile processors are able to change both the input, and the output channel on the fly to be able to accommodate any changes that might be necessary. The keys to success in this system are making sure that the processors have enough input signal to function correctly and making sure that the output levels are all set correctly so the channels do not interfere with each other.

The second method is to employ a demodulator and modulator in series. The demodulator is an agile device that can be set up to receive a TV channel input signal. Its function is to extract the audio and video information from the RF carriers and provide separate audio and video output signals. These separate audio and video feeds, also called baseband audio and video, are then applied to a modulator. It is the job of the modulator to take the audio and video and make them in to a cable TV channel. This channel can then be combined with other channels that have been created at the property. The keys to success in this system are making sure that the demodulators have enough input signal to function correctly and making sure that the modulator is adjusted correctly for proper modulation and output levels.

If you pick one product from each category on the following pages, you will have all of the components to ensure a working design. Once all of the products are identified, the specifications can be looked up in the specification library at the end of this publication.

Cherry Picking From an Analog Cable TV Feed


37

3

Functional Block Diagrams

A

A

(PROCESSOR)- AP-60-860 A # 59819 (AGILE)

F

C

BD

B

FROM CATV COMPANY

#__

E

(TAP/DIRECTIONAL COUPLER)- SRT-** # 1940-** (ONE PORT - **=TAP VALUE)- SRT-2A-** # 1942-** (TWO PORTS - **=TAP VALUE)- SRT-4A-** # 1944-** (FOUR PORTS - **=TAP VALUE)- SRT-8A-** # 1948-** (EIGHT PORTS - **=TAP VALUE)

E

F

#__



D

C

Cherry Picking from an Analog Cable TV Feed


38


AA

(DEMODULATOR)- AD-1B # 5932 (AGILE)- MIDM-806C # 7740C (MODULAR - AGILE- REQUIRES “H”)

G

EF

H

H

B

FROM CATV COMPANY

B

(TAP/DIRECITONAL COUPLER)- SRT-** # 1940-** (ONE PORT - **=TAP VALUE)- SRT-2A-** # 1942-** (TWO PORTS - **=TAP VALUE)- SRT-4A-** # 1944-** (FOUR PORTS - **=TAP VALUE)- SRT-8A-** # 1948-** (EIGHT PORTS - **=TAP VALUE)

C

G

#__

D

C

(MODULATOR)- AM-60-550 # 59416 - MICM-45D # 7797D (MODULAR FIXED CHANNEL)- MICM-45DS # 7797DS (MODULAR FIXED CHANNEL - STEREO)- AMCM-860 # 7766D (MODULAR-AGILE)

D



F

E

(MODULAR - RACK CHASSIS)- MIRC-4D # 7711 (CHASSIS + POWER SUPPLY)- MIRC-12V # 7715 (CHASSIS) AND MIPS-12D # 7722D (POWER SUPPLY FOR #7715)

Cherry Picking from an Analog Cable TV FeedUsing Demod/Remod No Stereo

** THE FOLLOWING MUST BE USED WITH “H”


39



40

Preventing Reception of Undesired Programming on Cable TV Feed

Functionality

This system will allow you to block undesired channels from your local cable TV company. Cable channels determined to contain distracting, offensive or otherwise inappropriate programming material can be prevented from being received throughout the facility’s distribution network.


The TV Channel Blocker (TVCB -PC) is user programmable that can block up to 40 channels between 2 and 86 (54-600 MHz). Channel blocking is accomplished by a method known as “interdiction”, which utilizes interfering signals to provide dynamic channel jamming.

The TVCB is designed for input levels normally encountered on CATV drops, which is why it is installed ahead of the distribution amplifier. The TVCB features a lockable enclosure to prevent unauthorized program changes and unit bypassing.

The amplifier should be selected to meet the desired system channel capacity and gain requirements. All passives (not shown – see Coaxial Distribution pages in this guide) must be rated for CATV applications having high RFI shielding specifications and 5-1000 MHz frequency bandwidth. If you pick one product from each category on the following pages, you will have all of the components to ensure a working design. Once all of the products are identified, the specifications can be looked up in the specification library at the end of this publication.


41

3


D

D

(AMPLIFIER)- RMDA 550-30P # 5500P53- RMDA 750-30P # 5500P73- RMDA 860-30P # 5500P83- RMDA 860-43P # 5500P84- RMDA 86A-30 # 5200-83- BIDA 55A-30P # 5800P53- BIDA 75A-30P # 5800P73- BIDA 86A-30P # 5800P83- BIDA 55A-43P # 5800P54- BIDA 75A-43P # 5800P74- BIDA 86A-43P # 5800P84- BIDA 100A-30 # 5800-13

CATV INPUT


A (TV CHANNEL BLOCKER)- TVCB-PC # 9110

A

B

(TV CHANNEL BLOCKER POWER INSERTER)- TVCB-2-PIF # 9128

B

C

C (TV CHANNEL BLOCKER POWER SUPPLY)- # 515111100A=

~~

=

Preventing Reception of Undesired Programming on Cable TV Feed


42

MSO HD Free-to-Guest for Hotels

Functionality

This system allows CATV operators to provide HD Free-to-Guest programming to hotels via their CATV IP network. Multiple HDTV programs received in IP format are delivered over a standard coaxial distribution network using EdgeQAM technology. The EQAM-420A edge device can accept up to thirty two (32) HD MPEG-2/H.264 transport streams (TS) in unencrypted (clear) 1000Base-T Ethernet (GbE) format and aggregates them in up to eight (8) QAM RF channels in the 54-996 MHz range. The EQAM channels can then be combined at the headend with other hotel channels for distribution in the building.


The EQAM-420A accepts unencrypted (clear) 1000Base-T Ethernet (GbE) streams in one of the following two modes:

Mode 1: up to thirty-two (32) MPEG-2/H.264 Single Program Transport Streams (SPTS)

Mode 2: up to eight (8) MPEG-2/H.264 Multi Program Transport Streams (MPTS), each not to exceed 38.8 Mbps. (6 max when using Pro:Idiom™)

The EQAM-420A is available with one or two (as shown in this application) QAM output modules, each capable of delivering four (4) adjoining QAM channels. Each QAM channel may contain up to four (4) HD programs when H.264 encoded and two to three (2 – 3) when MPEG-2 encoded depending on bit rates used (QAM 256 has a maximum capacity of 38.8 Mbps). Note that most QAM capable HD TV’s can only receive MPEG-2 encoded channels, therefore distributing H.264 encoded QAM channels may require appropriately equipped set-top-boxes (STB) at the TV locations.

The EQAM-420A is available with “clear” or Pro:Idiom™ encrypted QAM outputs. Pro:Idiom™ is primarily used in the lodging industry to protect against content piracy and requires Pro:Idiom™ TV’s for viewing. All QAM RF outputs will be encrypted regardless of the number of output modules present or the number of QAM RF channels assigned on each module.

The EQAM-420A output is connected to the headend combiner, combining with other hotel channels to launch into the headend amplifier and distribution network.

Once all of the products are identified, the specifications can be looked up in the specification library at the end of this publication.


43

3



C

B

A


A

B

C

(EDGEQAM)- EQAM-420A-2-32 #6522A

MSO HD Free-to-Guest for Hotels

EXISTING ANALOGCHANNEL INPUTS

(8 QAM CHANNELS)

CATV IP NETWORK

IP

(UP TO 32 HD PROGRAM STREAMS)


44



45

Section Four:Content from Locally Generated Source


46

Local Origination

Functionality

This system will allow you to create virtually any channel desired from a multitude of sources, and distribute it through the facility. This signal can now be handed off to a traditional coaxial distribution network or a hybrid fiber/coaxial distribution network within the facility.


Local origination is a term used to describe any channel that is generated within the facility. For this publication we are going to limit the definition to; character generators, computers with audio/video output cards, DVD players, VCRs, security cameras and studio cameras. These are all devices that provide a baseband audio and video output that can be handed off to a modulator.

It is the job of the modulator to take the audio and video and make them into a cable TV channel. This channel can then be combined with other locally generated channels or a cable TV feed. This combining should be done with professional quality equipment to prevent them from interfering with each other. If you pick one product from each category on the next page, you will have all of the components to ensure a working design. Once all of the products are identified, the specifications can be looked up in the specification library at the end of this publication.


47

4



D

C

A

E

E

A

B

D

#__


(MODULATOR)- AM-60-550 # 59416- AM-60-860 /OPT. 5 # 59415A/ 5905 (AGILE 860 MHz STEREO)- MICM-45D # 7797D (MODULAR FIXED CHANNEL)- MICM-45DS # 7797DS (MODULAR FIXED CHANNEL - STEREO)- AMCM-860 # 7766D (MODULAR-AGILE)

C

B

(MODULAR RACK CHASSIS)- MIRC-4D # 7711 (4 SLOT CHASSIS & POWER SUPPLY)- MIRC-12V # 7715 (12 SLOT CHASSIS) AND MIPS-12 # 7722D (12 UNIT POWER SUPPLY)

Local Origination

A V


48

Digital QAM Channel Generation

Functionality

This system will allow you to generate a digital television channel using QAM modulation from a MPEG-2 ASI (Asynchronous Serial Interface) digital transport stream. ASI outputs are typically available on video servers and digital satellite receivers. This application assumes that all the TV’s in the system are capable of receiving QAM television channels either directly with an HDTV ready TV with an integrated 8VSB/QAM tuner or through the use of set-top converter boxes.


The QAM Modulator is the basic unit of digital cable transmission. The AQM is designed to accept a DVB based MPEG-2 ASI (Asynchronous Serial Interface) digital transport stream and modulate it into a QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) signal. The AQM also integrates a super low noise upconverter in the compact modular unit. The built in advanced bit stuffing circuitry ensures that Null Packets are inserted into the ASI transport stream if needed to ensure the correct baud rate is transmitted. Unit programming is easily accomplished through the front panel navigation buttons and LCD menuing system.

When the new QAM signal is combined with other analog channels in the system the level should be attenuated so that it is 6—10 dB below the adjacent analog signals, (typically 6 dB for 256 & above and 10 dB for 64 QAM). It is always recommended to set the unit output level at the +40 dBmV and externally attenuate for optimal noise performance. Once all of the products are identified, the specifications can be looked up in the specification library at the end of this publication.


49

4


Digital QAM Channel Generation

A

B

D

A

B

C

C

D

(MODULAR RACK CHASSIS & PO - MIRC-12V # 7715 (12 SLOT CHASSIS AND - MIPS-12D # 7722D (12 UNIT POWER SUPPLY)

WER SUPPLY)

(COMBINER) - HPC-8 COMBINER #5791 - HPC-12 COMBINER #5792 - HPC-24 COMBINER # 5790 - HPC-32 COMBINER # 5796

(QAM MODUL - AQM # 6271 B

ATOR)

(ASI PROGRAM SOURCE)- BY OTHERS- VIDEO SERVER- DIGITAL SATELLITE RECEIVER


50

Inserting a Local Origination Into a Cable TV Feed

Functionality

This system will allow you to eliminate unwanted analog channels that are being provided by the local cable TV company, and replace them with channels made within the facility. This signal can now be handed off to a traditional coaxial distribution network or a hybrid fiber / coaxial distribution network within the facility.


This system is a variation on two other systems that were mentioned earlier: Local Origination, and Cable TV Feed. This hybrid system replaces an analog channel on the existing cable TV line up with one that was generated locally. The key to success in this system is correctly making space for the new channel in the cable TV line-up. Once the channel to be eliminated has been identified, a channel elimination filter and modulator must be specified.

The channel elimination filter makes room for the new channel by completely removing the old channel. The new channel is created by the modulator that accepts audio and video input and makes a cable TV channel. The channel elimination filter and modulator must be the same channel in order for the system to work. The channel elimination filter must be a very high quality filter so that it does not harm the channels next to it.

Points to pay attention to are a high quality channel elimination filter to completely remove the existing channel, and making sure that when the new channel is combined with the existing cable TV feed, it is done at the correct level so that neither signal damages the other. If you pick one product from each category on the next page, you will have all of the components to ensure a working design. Once all of the products are identified, the specifications can be looked up in the specification library at the end of this publication.


51

4


B

B (MODULATOR)- AM-60-550 # 59416- AM-60-860 /OPT. 5 # 59415A/5905 (AGILE 860 MHz STEREO)- MICM-45D #7797D (MODULAR FIXED CHANNEL)- MICM-45DS #7797DS (MODULAR FIXED CHANNEL - STEREO)- AMCM-860 #7766B (MODULAR-AGILE)

F

D

CC

FROM CATV COMPANY

#__

A

(SINGLE CHANNEL ELIMINATION FILTER)- CEF-750 (CH 2-38, 98, 99) # 4446

A

#__

(AMPLIFIER)- RMDA 550-30P # 5500P53- RMDA 750-30P # 5500P73- RMDA 860-30P # 5500P83- BIDA 55A-30P # 5800P53- BIDA 75A-30P # 5800P73- BIDA 86A-30P # 5800P83- BIDA 100A-30 # 5800-13

F

E

D

E (COMBINER - ALL CHANNELS GET COMBINED AT SAME LEVEL)- SXRS-2 # 1922 (COMBINES BOTH INPUTS WITH SAME LEVELS)- SRT-** 1940-** (CATV FEED AND LOCAL SOURCE ARE DIFFERENT LEVELS; TAP VALUE IS DIFFERENCE AND TAP PORT CONNECTS TO HIGHER LEVEL SOURCE)


G

G

(DIPLEXER)- DSV-42 #4376

H (MODULAR RACK CHASSIS)- MIRC-4D # 7711 (4 SLOT CHASSIS + POWER SUPPLY)- MIRC-12V # 7715 (12 SLOT CHASSIS) AND MIPS-12D # 7722D (12 UNIT POWER SUPPLY)

Inserting a Local Origination Into a Cable TV Feed

SUB

H

A V


52

Functionality

This system will allow you to augment the channel line up that is being provided by the local cable TV company, and add channels made within the facility. This signal can now be handed off to a traditional coaxial distribution network or a hybrid fiber/coaxial distribution network within the facility.


This system is a variation on a system that was mentioned earlier; “Inserting a Local Origination In To A Cable TV Feed”. This hybrid system replaces a channel on the existing cable TV line up with one that was generated locally. The key to success in this system is correctly making space for the new channel above the existing cable TV line-up. Once the band of channels to be eliminated has been identified, a low pass filter and modulator must be specified.

The low pass filter makes room for the new channel by completely removing any signals above the unit’s specified cross over point. The new channel is created by the modulator, which accepts audio and video inputs and makes a cable TV channel. The low pass filter cross over point must be a lower frequency than the modulator for the system to work. The low pass filter must be a very high quality filter so that it does not harm the channels below the cross over point.

The keys to the success of this system are: a high quality low pass filter to completely remove the desired band, and making sure that when the new channel is combined with the existing cable TV feed, it is done at the correct levels so that neither signal damages the others. If you pick one product from each category on the next page, you will have all of the components to ensure a working design. Once all of the products are identified, the specifications can be looked up in the specification library at the end of this publication.

Inserting a Local Origination Above a Cable TV Feed


53

4


B

B

(MODULATOR)- AM-60-860 /OPT. 5 # 59415A / 5905 (AGILE 860 MHz STEREO)**THE FOLLOWING MUST BE USED WITH “G”- MICM-45D #7797D (MODULAR FIXED CHANNEL)- MICM-45DS #7797DS (MODULAR FIXED CHANNEL - STEREO)- AMCM-860 #7766D (MODULAR-AGILE)


F

D

C G

D

C

FROM CATV COMPANY

#__

A

(LOW PASS FILTER) ** NOT BY BLONDER TONGUE- EAGLE COMTRONICS 800-448-7474 http://www.eaglefilters.com- MICROWAVE FILTER 800-448-1666 http://www.microwavefilter.com- PCI TECHNOLOGIES 800-565-7488 http://www.pci.com

A

F

E

E (COMBINER - ALL CHANNELS GET COMBINED AT SAME LEVEL)- SXRS-2 # 1922 (COMBINES BOTH INPUTS WITH SAME LEVELS)- SRT-** 1940-** (CATV FEED AND LOCAL SOURCE ARE DIFFERENT LEVELS; TAP VALUE IS DIFFERENCE AND TAP PORT CONNECTS TO HIGHER LEVEL SOURCE)

(AMPLIFIER)- RMDA 550-30P # 5500P53- RMDA 750-30P # 5500P73- RMDA 860-30P # 5500P83- BIDA 55A-30P # 5800P53- BIDA 75A-30P # 5800P73- BIDA 86A-30P # 5800P83- BIDA 100A-30 # 5800-13

Inserting a Local Origination Above a Cable TV Feed

A V

G (MODULAR RACK CHASSIS & POWER SUPPLY)- MIRC-4D # 7711 (4 SLOT CHASSIS & POWER SUPPLY)- MIRC-12V # 7715 (12 SLOT CHASSIS) AND MIPS-12D # 7722D (12 UNIT POWER SUPPLY)


54

Functionality

The sub-channel return allows signals (VCR, DVD, Studio Cameras, Security Cameras, Character Generators, Computer Outputs) generated anywhere in the facility to be included in the channel line up at that facility.

The sub-channel return system is a type of system that takes advantage of the two-way transmission capability inherent to coaxial cable. When the proper electronics are installed, an audio and video signal can be generated anywhere within the coaxial network and redistributed to all televisions connected to the network.


There are three key ingredients in the sub-channel return system that must be in place in order for the sys-tem to work. The first is the sub-channel modulator. This device takes an audio and video from any stan-dard source (Camera, DVD Player, VCR Player, and Computer Video Card), and transmits them back to the headend (the source point of all the signals in the coaxial distribution network). Once the signal leaves the sub-channel modulator, its next stop is a diplexer.

The diplexer’s job is to create a two way street within the coaxial network so that the signal you have just created can travel back to the headend. The next stop for the signal is another diplexer at the headend; this one is there to break the two signal paths apart. It is very important that there are two diplexers in the system so that the signal can be combined and then taken back apart. At the headend, there needs to be a piece of electronics to catch the signal that was generated in the field, and turn it around to go back out to the coaxial distribution network. There are many different units that can perform this task; the main concern is to make sure that there is an available space for the new channel. If you pick one product from each category on the next page, you will have all of the components to ensure a working design. Once all of the products are identified, the specifications can be looked up in the specification library at the end of this publication.

Analog Sub-Channel Return


55

4


DC-42 MHz

COMBINED

54-1000 MHz

54-1000 MHz DC-42 MHz

COMBINED

A

B

C

D

(PROCESSOR)- AP-60-860 A # 59819 (AGILE 60 dBmV)

(MODULATOR)- AM-60-550/OPT. 4 # 59416-4 (AGILE 60 dBmV)

(DIPLEX FILTER)- DSV-42 DIPLEXER # 4376

(COMBINER)- HPC-8 COMBINER #5791- HPC-12 COMBINER #5792- HPC-24E COMBINER # 5794- HPC-32E COMBINER # 5795


TO/FROM ANY OUTLET

C

C

D

#__

#T-_

#T-_

A

B

TO LOCAL TELEVISION

Analog Sub-Channel Return Using Processors


56


DC-42 MHz

COMBINED

54-1000 MHz

54-1000 MHz DC-42 MHz

COMBINED

A

E

G

G

(SUB BAND CONVERTER)- MSBC #7727

(DEMODULATOR)- AD-1B OPT. 17 #5932/59257 (AGILE)

(DEMODULATOR)- MIDM-806C #770C (MODULAR-AGILE)

D

(MODULATOR)- AM-60-550 # 59416

- MICM-45C #7797D (MODULAR FIXED CHANNEL)- ACM-806 # 7765 (MODULAR - AGILE)- AMCM-860 #7766D (MODULAR-AGILE)

(MODULATOR)- AM-60-550 OPT. 4 # 59416 4 (AGILE 60 dBmV)


F (MODULAR RACK CHASSIS)- MIRC-4D #7711 (CHASSIS + POWER SUPPLY)- MIRC-12V #7715 (CHASSIS) AND MIPS-12D #7722D (POWER SUPPLY)



TO/FROM ANY OUTLET

E

E

#T-_

D

TO LOCALTELEVISION

Analog Sub-Channel Return Using Demod/Remod

OR

F

C-1

#__

#T-_

A

B-1

C-2

FF

B-2

B-2

B-1

C-1 C-2


57


58


Digital Sub-Channel Return

Functionality

The digital sub-channel return allows standard or high definition digital signals, from sources such as DVD players, Studio Cameras, Security Cameras and Computer Outputs located anywhere in the facility to be included in the channel line-up at that facility.

The sub-channel return system is a type of system that takes advantage of the two-way transmission capability inherent to coaxial cable. When the proper electronics are installed, source signal can be gener-ated anywhere within the coaxial network and redistributed to all televisions connected to the network.


There are three key ingredients in digital sub-channel return system that must be in place in order for the system to work. The first is the encoder which takes the HD or SD content source through connec-tions such as component video, HDMI, composite A/V, etc. digitizes and then compresses the data using the MPEG 2 standard. The encoder’s output is provided in ASI format. The second ingredient is the sub-channel QAM modulator. This device takes the ASI output from the encoder QAM modulates it to a sub-band channel (T7-T13) and transmits back to the system’s headend through a sub-channel diplexer.

The diplexer’s job is to create a two- way street within the coaxial network so that the signal you have just created can travel back to the headend. The next stop for the signal is another diplexer at the headend; this one is there to break the two signal paths apart. It is very important that there are two diplexers in the system so that the signal can be combined and then taken back apart. At the headend, a digital proces-sor is required to process or convert the return sub-channel to a forward channel so that TV’s along the distribution system will be able to receive it. Please note that this system requires digital TV’s capable of receiving QAM modulated CATV channels. For systems consisting of legacy analog TV’s see analog sub-channel return page 54.

If you pick one product from each category on the next page, you will have all of the components to ensure a working design. Once all of the products are identified, the specifications can be looked up in the specification library at the end of this publication.

59

Broadband Specification Guide4


DC-42 MHz

COMBINED

54-1000 MHz

54-1000 MHz DC-42 MHz

COMBINED

A

B

C

D

(DIGITAL PROCESSOR)- AQP # 6268

(QAM MODULATOR)- AQM # 6271B




TO/FROM ANY OUTLET

C

C

D

#__

#T-_

#T-_

A

B

TO LOCALTELEVISION

E

F

(MODULAR - RACK CHASSIS)- MIRC-4CUBE-CH # 7703- MIRC-4CUBE-PS # 7702(HD OR SD ENCODER WITH ASI OUTPUT)-HDE-CHV-QAM #6384

FE


ASIPROGRAM INPUT

VIDEOAUDIO


60

The sub-channel return allows signals from security camera outputs generated anywhere in the facility to be included in the channel line-up within the facility. The system uses the coaxial cable’s inherent two-way transmission capability. When the proper electronics are installed, an audio and video signal can be generated anywhere within the coaxial network and redistributed to all televisions. For more information please refer to Analog and Digital Sub-Channel Return “In Depth Description’s” on pages 54 and 58.

ANALOG

DIGITAL

DC-42 MHz

COMBINED

54-1000 MHz

54-1000 MHz DC-42 MHz

COMBINED

A

B

C

D






TO/FROM ANY OUTLET

C

C

D

#__

#T-_

#T-_

A

B

TO LOCALTELEVISION

E

F


FE


ASIPROGRAM INPUT

VIDEOAUDIO

Security Camera Sub-Channel Return Applications

DC-42 MHz

COMBINED

54-1000 MHz

54-1000 MHz DC-42 MHz

COMBINED

A

B

C

D






TO/FROM ANY OUTLET

C

C

D

#__

#T-_

#T-_

A

B

TO LOCAL TELEVISION


DC-42 MHz

COMBINED

54-1000 MHz

54-1000 MHz DC-42 MHz

COMBINED

A

B

C

D






TO/FROM ANY OUTLET

C

C

D

#__

#T-_

#T-_

A

B

TO LOCAL TELEVISION


DC-42 MHz

COMBINED

54-1000 MHz

54-1000 MHz DC-42 MHz

COMBINED

A

B

C

D






TO/FROM ANY OUTLET

C

C

D

#__

#T-_

#T-_

A

B

TO LOCALTELEVISION

E

F


FE


ASIPROGRAM INPUT

VIDEOAUDIO

DC-42 MHz

COMBINED

54-1000 MHz

54-1000 MHz DC-42 MHz

COMBINED

A

B

C

D






TO/FROM ANY OUTLET

C

C

D

#__

#T-_

#T-_

A

B

TO LOCAL TELEVISION


DC-42 MHz

COMBINED

54-1000 MHz

54-1000 MHz DC-42 MHz

COMBINED

A

B

C

D






TO/FROM ANY OUTLET

C

C

D

#__

#T-_

#T-_

A

B

TO LOCALTELEVISION

E

F


FE


ASIPROGRAM INPUT

VIDEOAUDIO

E

E (SECURITY CAMERA)- BY OTHERS

G (SECURITY CAMERA)- BY OTHERS

G


61

DC-42 MHz

COMBINED

54-1000 MHz

54-1000 MHz DC-42 MHz

COMBINED

A

B

C

D






TO/FROM ANY OUTLET

C

C

D

#__

#T-_

#T-_

A

B

TO LOCALTELEVISION

E

F


FE


ASIPROGRAM INPUT

VIDEOAUDIO

Section Five:IPTV Applications

62


Functionality

Any facility that wants to distribute a digital EBS/ITFS feed on their IP network will need to convert the QAM digital signals to IP format. This system will allow you to receive the digital EBS/ITFS (QAM) channel transmission and distribute along the IP network to PC’s or IP STB’s in the facility.


The method to utilizing a digital EBS/ITFS signal is to employ an IPAT Transcoder with an RFI (RF Input Option). The IPAT -RFI is an agile device that can be set up to receive a digital EBS/ITFS channel input signal from an EBS/ITFS downconverter. Its function is to receive the QAM EBS signal, demodulate it in to an ASI transport stream and then transcode it to IP. The IPAT supports ASI single and multiple program transport streams and its GbE output permits uni and multicasting through RTP and UTP protocols.


EBS/ITFS (QAM) Reception Distributed via IP

63



EBS/ITFS (QAM) Reception Distributed via IP

D

E

F

(SPLITTER)- SXRS-4 #1924

D

(TRANSCODER)- IPAT WITH RFI OPTION #6514

(NETWORK SWITCH)- By Others

E

F

IP

IP NETWORK

CLEAR QAM

C

A

B

A

B

C (ITFS Down Converter Power Supply)- By Others

(ITFS Down Converter) - By Others

(ITFS ANTENNA) - By Others


64

Digital CATV (QAM) Reception - IP Distribution

Functionality

Any facility that wants to utilize a digital cable television feed as a source for their analog televisions and computers will need to convert the digital signals back to analog for the analog televisions and in to an IP stream for their computers. This system will allow you to receive a digital (QAM) channel from the local cable company and distribute it to: analog televisions with IP set top boxes and PCs running IPClientViewer software. The signals are delivered via a traditional closed Ethernet distribution network, either LAN or WAN. This application assumes that there are no coaxial or hybrid fiber/coaxial networks in the facility, and that the only available distribution network is Ethernet.


The method of utilizing a digital CATV signal as a source for an Ethernet network is to employ an AQD Digital Demodulator and an IPME-2 Internet Protocol (IP) Encoder in series. The AQD Digital Demodulator is the system component that receives the CATV digital channel and tunes to a particular program (within the channel), if multiple programs are transmitted. The AQD Digital Demodulator provides analog, NTSC baseband audio and video outputs to connect to the IPME-2 IP Encoder. The IPME-2 is the system component that receives the NTSC analog, baseband audio and video signals from the Digital Demodulator and encodes them to an MPEG-2 transport stream for distribution over a properly setup LAN or WAN. This stream has ‘real time’ video quality of 30 frames per second, full screen resolution of up to 720x480, and stereo audio. It is very important to note that the managed switches supporting the LAN or WAN MUST have the following items enabled: IGMP Snooping Querier, IGMP Snooping, and IP Multicast. These switch features are vital to the proper operation of Video over IP, and must be present in the managed switches for a proper user experience. Once the signals are on the IP network, they can be utilized by either: analog televisions via industry standard IP set top boxes or PCs running IPClientViewer software. Selecting one product from each category on the following page will insure you will have all the necessary components for a working system. Once all of the products are identified, the specifications can be looked up in the specification library at the end of this publication.


65

5


Digital C AT V (QAM) Reception - Analog V iewing (via IP )

A

C

F

A

B

C

D

E

F

(SPLITTERS) - SXRS-4 # 1924

(ATSC/QAM DEMODULATOR) - AQD # 6245 ** OPTIONAL - AQD-RCS # 2730 (REMOTE CONFIG SERVER)


(ETHERNET SWITCH) ** ALL SWITCHES MUST SUPPORT & BE ENABLED FOR: - IGMP SNOOPING - IGMP SNOOPING QUERIER - IP MULTICASTING

(COMPUTER WITH CLIENT VIEWER) - IPCV # 2411 (IP CLIENT VIEWER)

. .

E

G

G

(IP ENCODER) - IPME-2 # 2420 (INTERNET PROTOCOL MPEG-2 ENCODER) ** OPTIONAL - IPME-SM # 2415 (IP ENCODER STREAM MANAGER)

(MODULAR RACK CHASSIS) - IPME-CH # 2419 (IP ENCODER CHASSIS)

FEED FROM CA TV

B

D

(SET TOP BOX) - IP STB (BY OTHERS)

H

LAN OR WAN INFRASTRUCTURE

H

**ALTERNATE PRODUCTS- MDDM-860

**ALTERNATE PRODUCTS- MIRC-12- MIPS-12

66


Functionality

This system will allow cherry-picking of up to 20 program streams from both clear and encrypted CATV digital channels for distribution over a CAT 5e network. Program viewing is done through either a desktop PC with a VLC Player software application or via a TV with an IP set-top box.


The CATV input is fed into a multi-port splitter to provide enough inputs to the digital demodulators and set-top boxes based upon the desired program streams. Programs that are carried on clear, un-encrypted QAM channels are presented to the digital demodulators. The frequency agile digital demodulators are tuned to a desired clear QAM channel and provide an ASI transport stream output. This output contains all the programs within the QAM channel, and typically will be anywhere from 2-10 programs depending on whether they’re HD, SD or a mix of the two. You require a digital demodulator for each clear QAM channel that contains the desired program stream or streams to distribute. Encrypted QAM HD channels require authorized set-top boxes (STB) from the CATV provider to receive the programs. A STB is required for each encrypted program that will be distributed. The STB output is then applied to an HD encoder. Many HD encoders are available with HDMI inputs, however the majority do not support HDCP encryption typically used on HDMI connections such as those found on STB’s and DVD players. Therefore, the component video/audio connections are typically used between the STB and encoder. The HD encoder may have two or more inputs depending on the model. It digitizes and compresses the resultant bits using the MPEG 2 technology standard and provides a multiplexed ASI output.

The ASI outputs from the digital demodulators and HD encoders are then applied to the Multiplexer. The multiplexer is user configurable to select up to 20 desired program streams from available inputs and provide a multiplexed output in IP format. For network flexibility, the multiplexer has the ability to assign its output to 1, 2 or 4 IP addresses.


CATV Digital Cherry-Picking with IP Distribution

67



A

CE

D D D DB B B B B B B B

F

IP Distribution

CATV

CLEAR QAM- SD/HD ENCRYPTED QAM - HD/SD

ASI ASI

IP OUTPUT TO NETWORKMAX 20 PROGRAMS/214 Mbps

(1,2 or 4 IP ADDRESSES)

(MULTIPLEXER) - MUX-12A-IP #6517

A

B

C

D

E

F

(DIGITAL DEMODULATOR) - MDDA-860 #6277

(MODULAR CHASSIS/PS) - MIRC-12 #7715- MIPS-12D #7722(HD ENCODER) - HDE-2H/2S-QAM #6379

(STB) - By Others

(SPLITTER 1X24) -DFCS-24

E E E

COMPONENT COMPONENT COMPONENT

E E E E E E E E E E E E


68

Functionality

Any facility that wants to distribute HD locally generated content over their Ethernet network for viewing on TV’s and computers must use an A/V encoder equipped with an IP output.

This system will allow you to encode two (2) high definition locally generated programs and distribute them to TV’s with IP set top boxes and PCs running VLC player software. The program content is delivered via a traditional closed Ethernet distribution network. This application assumes that the only available distribution network is Ethernet, and no coaxial or hybrid fiber/coaxial networks existing within the facility.


This solution delivers locally generated content over an Ethernet network by employing a HD264-2S-IP Encoder. The HD264-2S-IP accepts two (2) high definition program sources in HD-SDI, HDMI (unencrypted) or component video formats, provides H.264 or MPEG-2 encoding and then IP encapsulates the resulting program streams in 10/100Base-T Ethernet for delivery over a properly setup LAN or WAN. H.264 encoding is recommended in this application due to its higher compression rate, requiring about half the bit rate compared to MPEG-2. The HD264-2S-IP features comprehensive remote monitoring and control through the use any standard Web browser via a front-panel 10/100Base-T Ethernet connection.

It is very important to note that the managed switches supporting the LAN or WAN MUST have the following items enabled: IGMP Snooping Querier, IGMP Snooping, and IP Multicast. These switch features are vital to the proper operation of Video over IP, and must be present in the managed switches for a proper user experience. Once the content is on the IP network, it can be received by TV’s via industry standard IP set top boxes or PC’s running VLC player software. Selecting one product from each category on the following page will insure you will have all the necessary components for a working system. Once all of the products are identified, the specifications can be looked up in the specification library at the end of this publication.

IMPORTANT NOTE: Most HD content is copyrighted and typically DRM (Digital Rights Management) protected. Operators must get approval from their provider(s) to legally distribute content in this manner.

Local Origination Encoding for IP Distribution


69

5


Local Origination Encoding for IP Distribution

B

A

B (ETHERNET SWITCH) ** ALL SWITCHES MUST SUPPORT & BE ENABLED FOR: - IGMP SNOOPING - IGMP SNOOPING QUERIER - IP MULTICASTING

(COMPUTER WITH VLC PLAYER)

. .

C

C

(IP ENCODER) - HD264-2S-IP #6396

A

(SET TOP BOX) (BY OTHERS)

D

LAN OR WAN INFRASTRUCTURE

D

(2x) IP

(2) CONTENT SOURCES

HD-SDI/HDMI (UNENCRYPTED)COMPONENT OR COMPOSITE A/V


70

Functionality

CATV providers as well as broadcasters typically have remote locations where programming may originate from. For a CATV operator it could be community channels or a live high school sporting event from the various towns being served. Broadcasters may have remote studios separated from their main studio and transmitter location that also supplies programming content. This system provides a solution to get remote originated content back to the main headend or studio location in real time. The main advantage over other remote local origination applications is that it significantly reduces the return bandwidth requirement by using IP video with a cable modem rather than a digital QAM sub channel occupying a full 6 MHz. This application assumes the remote and main headend/studio locations are serviced by the same CATV system.


The HDE-CHV-QAM is a versatile MPEG-2 encoder that accepts multiple A/V content input formats and provides encoded outputs in IP which is used in this particular application as well as QAM and ASI. Video input formats are component video, composite video, HDMI (unencrypted) and VGA. Audio inputs are left /right and digital (coaxial). The HDE-CHV-QAM first digitizes then MPEG-2 encodes the input program into a high-definition Single Program Transport Stream (SPTS), and finally IP-encapsulated and delivered in

10/100Base-T Ethernet output format. The SPTS is also available in ASI and QAM format. The encoder’s IP output is then presented to a cable modem for data transmission back to the CATV headend on the modem’s transmitted sub channel data carrier. At the headend the return signal is processed and transcoded back to IP. From here the content can either be:

1) converted back to baseband A/V through an IP STB and applied to an analog modulator for distribution. (CATV)

2) converted from IP to QAM via an IPAT w/ RFO option for digital QAM distribution. (CATV)

3) turned around in the headend to transport content downstream to a receive site where it would then be received on an IP STB connected to a cable modem. Using a unicast mode of transmission, this would create a point-2-point connection between the “satellite” and “main” studio locations. (Broadcaster)

Selecting one product from each category on the following page will insure you will have all the necessary components for a working system. Once all of the products are identified, the specifications can be looked up in the specification library at the end of this publication

CATV/Broadcaster Backhaul System for Remote Originating Content


71

5


. .

INTERNET

CATV HFC NETWORK

CATV/Broadcaster Backhaul System for Remote Origination Content


D

C

B

A

REMOTE ORIGINATIONLOCATION

CATV HEADEND REMOTE RECEIVE SITE

CONTENT INPUT(COMPONENT, HDMI, COMPOSITE, VGA)

A

B

C

C

D

E

E

AV OUTPUTS

IP

IP

STB

CMTS

(ENCODER)- HDE-CHV-QAM #6384

(TRANSCODER)- IPAT w/RFO #6512

(CABLE MODEM)(BY OTHERS)

(DIPLEXER)- DSV-42 #4376

REVERSE PATH(UPSTREAM)

FORWARD PATH(DOWNSTREAM)IP


72



73

Section Six:RF/Fiber Distribution


74

FunctionalityThis type of distribution system is the link between the central signal source (Headend) and the televisions that are scattered throughout the facility. This network relies entirely on traditional coaxial cable to distribute the desired signals.

In Depth DescriptionTrunk and Branch: This type of distribution network is the most common architecture deployed today. The basic premise is that there is a system of “Trunks”, or large distribution lines carrying high signal levels away from the headend, running through out the facility. As this large cable runs through the facility, at many locations, there needs to be “Branches”, or smaller lines carrying signals to individual TVs. These smaller lines are often called “drops” and are created by “tapping” into the “Trunk” line with a mechanical device known as a tap, or directional coupler. Amplification may be needed in order to provide signal though out the entire facility. Considerations should be made in order to have power available outside of the “Headend” in either remote closets, or by injecting power in to the coaxial network itself.

Home Run: This type of distribution network is usually only deployed in smaller facilities. The basic idea is that all of the TVs have their signal directly run to them from one central point, or “Home Run”. This direct, point to point wiring can not be used in large facilities because of the signal loss inherent to copper based cables. At the headend, there must be enough RF output ports available for each “Home Run”, as well as AC power to power any amplifiers that might be required.

Star: This type of distribution network is most often deployed by the data and telephone industries, but can also be applied to some facilities for coaxial distribution. The “Star” architecture is a hybrid of the “Trunk and Branch” and “Home Run”. Starting at the headend, large “Trunk” lines are run out in to the facility to several different points. From these distribution points smaller cables, “Drops”, are then “Home Run” out to the individual TVs. Considerations should be made in order to have power available outside of the “Headend” in either remote closets, or by injecting power in to the coaxial network itself.

Cable Types: Special consideration must be given to the cable types employed in any architecture to ensure that the proper cable for the application is selected. All of the cables used in the distribution networks described above MUST be CATV rated as defined by National Electric Code, Article 820. There are two factors that must be looked at to determine the correct cable; the location within the facility, and the location within the network.

When referring to the location within the facility, we are looking at the physical location in the facility where the cable is going to be installed. The National Electric Code in Article 820 dictates the correct ratings for coaxial cables based upon the location that the cables are going to be installed. The ratings are:

The chart above is for reference purposes only, the specifier/designer must become familiar with the National Electric Code, and design to their guidelines. When referring to the location within the network, we are talking about the use of the cable. Is the cable a “Trunk”? Is the cable a “Drop”? Is the cable a “Home Run”? The most common “Trunk” cables are RG-11 and .500 hard line, these larger cables are designed to carry signals over long distances. All “Drop” cables should be RG-6 or larger depending on the length of the “Drop”. Any coaxial run over 250’ should be RG-11 in order to facilitate the design of the network. The only use for RG-59 cable is to connect a VCR to a TV, or connect the TV to the wall plate in a room.

CATVP Plenum CATVR Riser CATV General Commercial CATVX External - No more than 50’ in to the building CATVU Underground

Coaxial Distribution


75

6


FROM CATV INPUT OR OUTPUT OF HEADEND

A

A

(SINGLE PORT TAP OR DIRECTIONAL COUPLER) - SRT-** # 1940-** (SINGLE PORT - ** INDICATES TAP VALUE)

(TWO PORT TAP OR DIRECTIONAL COUPLER) - SRT-2A-** # 1942-** (TWO PORT - ** INDICATES TAP VALUE)

(FOUR PORT TAP OR DIRECTIONAL COUPLER) - SRT-4A-** # 1944-** (FOUR PORT - ** INDICATES TAP VALUE)

(EIGHT PORT TAP OR DIRECTIONAL COUPLER) - SRT-8A-** # 1948-** (EIGHT PORT - ** INDICATES TAP VALUE)

C D

B

(TERMINATOR) - BTF-TP # 4670

(EIGHT WAY SPLITTER) - SXRS-8 # 1928

(FOUR WAY SPLITTER) - SXRS-4 # 1924

(THREE WAY SPLITTER) - SXRS-3 # 1923

(TWO WAY SPLITTER) - SXRS-2 # 1922

F

J

I

H

G

J

I

H

G

E E

F

D

C

B

** PASSIVE COMPONENTS (SPLITTERS AND TAPS) ARE LOCATED THROUGHOUT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM AS REQUIRED TO PROVIDE SUFFICIENT SIGNAL TO ALL OUTLETS.

TRUNK CABLE RG-11 or RG6

TRUNK CABLE RG-11 or RG6

TELEVISION WALL PLATE

DROP CABLE RG-6 200' MAX.

RG-59 50' MAX


(WALL PLATE) - V-1GF-FT # 3187 - TF-GF-FT # 4691

K

K

Trunk and Branch Coaxial Distribution

76



Home Run Coaxial Distribution

B


FROM CATV INPUT OR OUTPUT OF HEADEND

A

A

(TWO WAY SPLITTER) - SXRS-2 # 1922





D

B

C1 DIRECTIONAL COUPLERS - USED INTERCHANGEABLY TO SUPPLY SUFFICIENT SIGNAL TO ONE OR MULTIPLE OUTLETS

C

** ALL COMPONENTS LOCATED IN HEADEND. SPLITTERS AND TAPS USED AS NEEDED TO PROVIDE SUFFICIENT SIGNAL TO ALL OUTLETS.

C2

C3

C4

C4

C3

C2

C1

D



TELEVISION

RG-59 50' MAX E


WALL PLATE

E

77



B

FROM CATV INPUT OR OUTPUT

OF HEADEND

A

A


B

(THREE WAY SPLITTER) - SXRS-3 # 1923

C

D

** SPLITTERS LOCATED IN HEADEND AND INTERMEDIATE CLOSETS (IDF). TAPS LOCATED IN INTERMEDIATE CLOSETS AS REQUIRED TO PROVIDE SUFFICIENT SIGNAL TO ALL OUTLETS.

D





DIRECTIONAL COUPLERS - USED INTERCHANGEABLY TO SUPPLY SUFFICIENT SIGNAL TO ONE OR MULTIPLE OUTLETS

C4

C3

C1

C2

C4

C3

C2

C1


(WALL PLATE)- V-IGF-FT # 3187- TF-GF-FT # 4691

E

TELEVISION

RG-59 50' MAX E WALL PLATE


IDF

IDF

IDF

Star Coaxial Distribution


78


D

D D

C

C

A

A

(AMPLIFIER)- RMDA-86A-30 # 5200 83

(FOUR WAY SPLITTER)SXRS-4 # 1924

(DISTRIBUTION FRAME SPLITTER)- DFCS-24 # 5798- DFCS-32 # 5799

(WALL PLATE)- V-IGF-FT # 3187- TF-GF-FT # 4691

B

B

DROP CABLERG-6

0’ TO 135’DROP CABLE

RG-11135’ TO 300’

128 DROPS (MAX)860 MHZ (TWO-WAY)

IDF Star Distribution


79



80

Functionality

This type of distribution system is the link between the source (Headend) and the televisions that are scattered throughout the facility. This network relies on a combination of single mode fiber optic cable and traditional coaxial cable to distribute the desired signals.


This network provides a degree of future proofing, due to the virtually unlimited capacity of the single mode fiber optic cable. The architecture starts out exactly the same as the “Star” architecture described under coaxial distribution with a minor change. The signal that is going to be distributed through out the facility is given to a fiber optic transmitter for conversion to light.

The transmitter must be correctly sized in order to overcome the loss of the splitter network and the fiber network, and still provide enough signal to the fiber optic receivers. The optical output is then given to an optical splitter network to provide enough outputs for the network. These outputs are connected to single mode fiber optic cables, instead of coaxial trunk lines, and are run out in to the facility to several different points. This system should be employed when the distance from the “Headend” to the distri-bution points is very large.

One of the strengths of fiber optics is that it is not as susceptible to loss over distance as coaxial cable. At these points the signal is converted from fiber optics to coaxial cable, now the distribution can con-tinue in any of the coaxial architectures listed above: “Trunk and Branch”, “Home Run”, or “Star”. Considerations should be made in order to have power available at the point where the fiber optic cable terminates because the fiber optic receivers are AC powered. If you pick one product from each category on the next page, you will have all of the components to ensure a working design. Once all of the products are identified, the specifications can be looked up in the specification library at the end of this publication.

Hybrid Fiber and Coax Distribution


81

6


BB

(FIBER OPTIC RECEIVER)- FRDA-S4A-860 # 7400-P84-B (135 CHANNELS, SURFACE MOUNTED)- FRRA-S4A-860-43P # 7411-P84-B (135 CHANNELS, RACK MOUNTED)- FOCN-S4S-201 #7420-1 (135 CHANNELS, SURFACE MOUNT)

C

FROM OUTPUTOF HEADEND

A

(FIBER OPTIC TRANSMITTER)- FIBT-S3A-816B # 7403B-6- FIBT-S3A-818B # 7403B-8- FIBT-S3A-810B # 7404B-10- FIBT-S3A-812B # 7404B-12- FIBT-S3A-814B # 7404B-14(MODULAR) **THE FOLLOWING MUST BE USED WITH “D”- MIBT-S3A-816 # 7410A-6- MIBT-S3A-818 # 7410A-8- MIBT-S3A-810 # 7410A-10- MIBT-S3A-812 # 7410A-12- MIBT-S3A-814 # 7410A-14

A

(FIBER OPTIC COUPLER)- FOC-102U-XX # 7450-X (1 X 2 RACK MOUNTED)- FOC-104U-XX # 7454-X (1 X 4 RACK MOUNTED)- FOC-108U-XX # 7457-X (1 X 8 RACK MOUNTED)- FOC-116U-XX # 7460-X (1 X 16 RACK MOUNTED)- FOC-23-16-U # 7486U(1X6 RACK MOUNTED)

C

TO COAX DISTRIBUTION

SINGLE MODE FIBER 1310 NM

SINGLE MODE FIBER 1310 NM

D

(MODULAR RACK CHASSIS AND POWER SUPPLY)- MIRC-12V # 7715 (12 SLOT CHASSIS) AND MIPS-12D # 7722D (12 UNIT POWER SUPPLY)

D

Hybrid Fiber and Coax Distribution


82



83

Section Seven:Miscellaneous


84

High Speed Broadband Internet

Functionality

There are many different methods to provide broadband Internet access. The MegaPort system allows an operator to deliver high speed Internet access over a new or existing two-way coaxial cable network. Ideal applications include multiple-dwelling communities, educational institutions and hospitality (hotel/motel) environments.


The MegaPort system consists of two major components. The MegaPort Gateway (MPG) is a broadband Ethernet Router or Bridge that essentially converts an Ethernet based Internet connection to RF for transmission over the two-way broadband coaxial cable network. A single Gateway can provide service to 64 outlets. System capacity can be easily expanded by adding additional Gateway units or purchasing a software license to upgrade the subscriber capability up to 250 outlets.

A MegaPort Outlet (MPO) acts as a cable modem and is used to convert the RF data signal back to Ethernet to deliver data at the computer location. The MPO takes a unique approach with its infrastructure based design that facilitates permanent installation. Each MPO is MAC addressed that allows for easy remote software activation and deactivation. In addition, installing multiple MPOs allows the ability to offer “home networking” for functions like file transfer and printer sharing. All this is accomplished without interference to existing TV channels or other interactive services.

The MegaPort system is compatible with practically any two-way coaxial cable network. There are several MPO types that are available for various applications, of which the most common standard units are listed on the next page. If you pick one product from each category on the next page, you will have all of the components to ensure a working design. Once all of the products are identified, the specifications can be looked up in the specification library at the end of this publication.


85

7


C

B

(MegaPort Gateway) - MPG-1100 # 2681 A

(Single Channel Elimination Filter) CEF-750 (Ch A-8, SPI) # 4446 E

A Ethernet

Local Access Port

WAN Port RF Port --->

--->

--->

To/From Distribution System

TELEVISION

RG-59 50' MAX C

WALL PLATE


B

COMPUTER

(MegaPort Outlet) - MPO-ESM-70 # 2677 (Ethernet Surface Mount, 64-76 MHz DS) - MPO-ESM-52 # 2673 (Ethernet Surface Mount, 48-56 MHz DS)

(Directional Coupler) - SRT-# # 1940-# (1 Tap Port - 9 dB Min.) - SRT-2A-# # 1942-# (2 Tap Ports - 8 dB Min.) - SRT-4A-# # 1944-# (4 Tap Ports - 11 dB Min.) - SRT-8A-# # 1948-# (8 Tap Ports - 14 dB Min.)

D D

F

E

Out

In

Tap

High Speed Broadband Internet

(50 MHz High-Pass Filter) MP-EZHP # 2691 F

FROM CATV INPUT OR OUTPUT

OF HEADEND


86

Remote Power Reset

Functionality

This system will allow you to remotely power-up or shutdown equipment. In the event of an equipment malfunction that requires a “cold boot” to reset it, this system can cycle the AC power on and off via a telephone modem or Ethernet connection.


The remote power reset (RPR) unit has eight AC outlets on its rear panel that are independently addressed to control one or more components. In addition to manual resets the RPR can be set for a scheduled reset through the use of it's internal real time clock. Standard AC outlet strips can be plugged in to provide multiple receptacles off a single RPR. The RPR has a total maximum current draw of 12 amps. The RPR uses a standard internal Internet Explorer® web browser interface to access the unit. Many advanced functions are available for example, current sensing, alarms and SNMP communication. If you pick one product from each category on the next page, you will have all of the components to ensure a working design. Once all of the products are identified, the specifications can be looked up in the specification library at the end of this publication.


87

7


C

B (Any Device) - Any device that you want to power cycle remotely via an Ethernet connection

A

A B

C

(Remote Power Reset) - RPR-8 #3921

Ethernet

Remote Power Reset


88

Equipment Specifications Library

Model Page # Model Page # Model Page #

ACM-806A ................................89AD-1B ........................................89AD-1B OPT 17 ...........................89AM-60-550 ................................90AM-60-550 OPT 4 ....................90AM-60-860 OPT 5 ....................90AMCM-860D .............................91AP-60-860A ...............................91AQD ...........................................92AQD-PCM/QTRC .......................92AQD-RCS ...................................92AQM ..........................................93AQP ...........................................93AQT ...........................................94AQT-PCM/QTRC .......................94AQT-RCS ....................................94BIDA-55A-30P ...........................95BIDA-75A-30P ...........................95BIDA-86A-30P ...........................96BIDA-55A-43P ...........................96BIDA-75A-43P ...........................97BIDA-86A-43P ...........................97BIDA-100A-30 ...........................98BTY-10-U ...................................98BTY-UHF-BB ..............................98CMA-Uc .....................................99DFCS-24 ....................................99DFCS-32 ................................. 100DHDP-V ................................. 100DSV-42 ....................................101DQMX .................................... 102EQAM-420A ........................... 103FIBT-S3A-XXXX ...................... 104

FOC-23-16-U ......................... 104FOC-102U-XX ........................ 104FOC-104U-XX ........................ 104FOC-108U-XX ........................ 105FOC-116U-XX ......................... 105FOCN-S4S-201 ...................... 105FRDA-S4A-860 ....................... 106FRRA-S4A-860-43P ................ 106HD264-2S-IP .......................... 107HDE-2H/2S-QAM ................... 108HDE-4S-QAM ......................... 109HDE-CHV-QAM .......................110HPC-8 ...................................... 111HPC-12 .................................... 111HPC-24 .................................... 111HPC-32 .................................... 111IPAT ..........................................112IPME-CH ..................................112IPME-2 .....................................113MDDA-860. .............................113MDDM-860 .............................114MIBT-S3A-XXX ........................114MICM-45D ..............................115MICM-45DS ............................115MIDM-806C ............................115MIRC-4D ................................116MIRC-12V/MIPS-12D ..............116MPG-1100 ...............................116MPO-ESM-XX ..........................116MSBC ......................................117MUX-12A-IP ............................117MUX-2D-QAM ........................118PS-1526 ...................................119

PS-1536 ...................................119QTM ........................................120RMDA-550-30P .......................121RMDA-750-30P .......................121RMDA-860-30P .......................122RMDA-860-43P .......................122RMDA-86A-30 ........................123RPR-8 .......................................123SCMA-Ub ................................123SMR-1600 ...............................124SRT ..........................................124SRT-2A .....................................124SRT-4A .....................................124SRT-8A .....................................125SXRS-2 .....................................125SXRS-3 .....................................125SXRS-4 .....................................125SXRS-8 .....................................126TF-GF-FT .................................126TVCB-PC ..................................126V-1GF-FT .................................126

89



AD-1B (See page: 38 )

The demodulator shall be a frequency agile, audio/video demodulator equipped with a Nyquist filter to ensure stable and accurate demodulation. The demodulator shall demodulate NTSC, HRC or IRC cable TV channels to a 1 volt peak to peak video, and a 500 mV RMS audio. The input channel shall be field settable via front panel DIP switches. The demodulator shall have front panel controls for video response and input channel selection. There shall be a AGC circuit on the RF input to compensate for input level variations. The demodulator shall be BTSC compatible via 4.5 MHz audio sub-carrier and broadband multiplex audio output. The demodulator shall be equal to Blonder Tongue AD-1 and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) Frequency Range: 54 to 88, 108 to 806 MHzb) Input Level: 20 dBmV Maximum

c) Video Output Level : 1 V p-p

AD-1B OPT 17 (See page: 56 )

The demodulator shall be a frequency agile, audio/video demodulator equipped with a Nyquist filter to ensure stable and accurate demodulation. The demodulator shall demodulate NTSC, HRC or IRC cable TV channels to a 1 volt peak to peak video, and a 500 mV RMS audio. The input channel shall be field settable via front panel DIP switches. The demodulator shall have front panel controls for video response and input channel selection. There shall be a AGC circuit on the RF input to compensate for input level variations. The demodulator shall be BTSC compatible via 4.5 MHz audio sub-carrier and broadband multiplex audio output. The demodulator shall be equal to Blonder Tongue AD-1 and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) Frequency Range: 7 to 49, 54 to 88, 108 to 806 MHzb) Input Level: 20 dBmV Maximum

c) Video Output Level : 1 V p-p

d) 4.5 MHz Sub-carrier Output Level: 35 dBmVe) Tuning Increment: 250 kHzf) Impedance: 75 Ω

d) 4.5 MHz Sub-carrier Output Level: 35 dBmVe) Tuning Increment: 250 kHzf) Impedance: 75 Ω

ACM-806A (See page: 56 )

The modulator shall be a frequency agile heterodyne audio/video modulator. It shall have a modular die cast chassis for superior RFI protection and heat dissipation.

The modulator shall modulate a nominal 1.0 volt peak to peak, negative sync video source and a0.4 volt peak to peak audio source to a CATV channel from 2 to 125 by changing the front panel channel selector. The modulator shall have front panel controls for video, audio modulation levels and output level. The modulator shall be BTSC compatible via field-defeatable audio pre-emphasis. The modulator shall be equal to Blonder Tongue ACM-806A and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) Frequency Range: 54 to 806 MHzb) Output Level: 45 dBmV Minimumc) Output Level Control: 10 dBd) Spurious Outputs: -60 dBc e) C/N In Channel: 60 dBf) Output Return Loss: 10 dB Minimum

g) Broadband Noise: -75 dBc


90

AM-60-550 (See pages: 9, 38, 47, 51, 56 )

The modulator shall be a frequency agile, solid state heterodyne audio/video modulator equipped with Emergency Alert System alternate IF input. The modulator shall modulate a 0.7-2.5 volt peak to peak, sync negative video source and a 140 mV RMS audio source to output CATV channels 2 to 78. The modulator shall have a composite IF loop-thru, and front panel controls for video, audio modulation levels, aural to visual ratio and output level. The modulator shall be BTSC compatible via field-defeatable audio pre-emphasis. The modulator shall be equal to Blonder Tongue AM-60-550 and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) Frequency Range: 54 to 550 MHzb) Output Level: 60 dBmV Minimumc) Output Level Control: 10 dBd) Spurious Outputs: -60 dBc

AM-60-550 OPT 4 (See pages: 55, 56 )

The modulator shall be a frequency agile, solid state heterodyne audio/video modulator equipped with Emergency Alert System alternate IF input. The modulator shall modulate a 0.7-2.5 volt peak to peak, sync negative video source and a 140 mV RMS audio source to output CATV channels T7 to T14, or 2 to 78. The modulator shall have a composite IF loop-thru, and front panel controls for video, audio modulation levels, aural to visual ratio and output level. The modulator shall be BTSC compatible via field-defeatable audio pre-emphasis. The modulator shall be equal to Blonder Tongue AM-60-550 OPT 4 and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) Frequency Range: 7 to 49 MHz or 54 to 550 MHzb) Output Level: 60 dBmV Minimumc) Output Level Control: 10 dBd) Spurious Outputs: -60 dBce) C/N In Channel: 63 dBf) Output Return Loss: 14 dB Minimumg) Broadband Noise: -77 dBc

AM-60-860 OPT 5 (See page: 9)

The modulator shall be a frequency agile, solid state heterodyne audio/video modulator equipped with Emergency Alert System alternate IF input, and BTSC stereo encoder. The modulator shall modulate a 1 volt peak to peak, sync negative video source and a 140 mV RMS audio source to output CATV channels 2 to 135 by changing front panel push button switches. The modulator shall have a composite IF loop-thru, and front panel controls for video, audio modulation levels, aural to visual ratio and output level. The modulator shall be equal to Blonder Tongue AM-60-860 and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) Frequency Range: 54 to 860 MHzb) Output Level: 60 dBmV Minimumc) Output Level Control: 10 dBd) Spurious Outputs: -60 dBce) C/N In Channel: 63 dBf) Output Return Loss: 14 dB Minimum



e) C/N In Channel: 63 dBf) Output Return Loss: 12 dB Minimumg) Broadband Noise: -77 dBc

91



AMCM-860D (See pages: 9, 19, 27, 31, 38, 47, 51, 53, 56 )

The modulator shall be a frequency agile heterodyne audio/video modulator available in stereo or mono audio input models. The modulator will be equipped with CalmTones, a feature utilizing audio AGC circuitry to eliminate loudness variations between program sources. It shall have a modular die cast chassis for superior RFI protection and heat dissipation.

The modulator shall modulate a nominal 1.0 volt peak to peak, negative sync video source and a 0.5 - 4.0 unit peak to peak audio source (constant AGC range) to a CATV channel from 2 to 135 by changing the front panel channel selector. The modulator shall have front panel controls for video, audio modulation levels, aural to visual ratio and output level. The modulator shall be BTSC compatible via field-defeatable audio pre-emphasis. The modulator shall be equal to Blonder Tongue AMCM-860 and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) Frequency Range: 54 to 860 MHzb) Output Level: 45 dBmV Minimumc) Output Level Control: 10 dBd) Spurious Outputs: -60 dBc e) C/N In Channel: 63 dBf) Output Return Loss: 12 dB Minimum


AP-60-860A (See page: 55 )

The Agile Processor shall be in a 1RU chassis. The processor shall be compatible with both off-air 8VSB and CATV QAM channel inputs including sub channels T7-T13. The processor shall be capable of operating in any of the following 3 modes:

Digital to Analog Mode – receives one 8VSB or QAM (64/256) input and outputs one NTSC analog RF output channel in the 54-860 MHz range.Digital to Digital Mode – receives one QAM (64/256) input and outputs one QAM RF output channel in the 54-860 MHz range. Analog to Analog Mode – receivers one NTSC analog channel and outputs one NTSC analog channel between 54 and 860 MHz.The agile processor shall be equal to Blonder Tongue AP-60-860A and shall meet the following specifications:

INPUTa) Analog Mode:

i) Standard: NTSC ii) Tuning: CATV 2-135, Broadcast 2-69, Sub T7-T13 iii) Bandwidth: 6 MHz iv) -20 to +30 dBmV

b) QAM Mode i) Standard: ITU-T J.83 - Annex B ii) Tuning Range: CATV Ch. 2-135 iii) Data Rate: 38.8 Mpbs iv) Bandwidth: 6 MHz v) Power Level: -20 to +30 dBmV

c) QAM/8SVB Mode: i) Standard: 8SVB ATSC Digital television QAM ITU-T J.83 - Annex B ii) Tuning Range: 8SVB VHF (NTSC Ch. 2-13) UHF (NTSC Ch. 14-69) QAM CATV Ch. 2 -135 iii) Data Rate: 8SVB 19.392 Mbps QAM 38.8 Mbps iv) Bandwidth: 6 MHz v) Power Level: -20 to +30 dBmVd) Power: 110 VAC/60 Hze) Power Dissipation: 36 W

OUTPUTf) Analog-to-Analog/Digital-to-Digital Modes i) RF Output: Analog RF or QAM ii) Frequency Range: 54 to 864 MHz iii) Power Level: Mode 1: +60 dBmV Mode 2: +55 dBmV iv) Power Level Range: Mode 1: +50 to +62 dBmV Mode 2: +45 to +57 dBmV v) Broadband Noise: Mode 1: -77 dBc Mode 2: -75 dBc vi) Spurious: -63 dBcg) Digital to Analog Mode i) RF Output: Analog RF ii) Frequency Range: 54 to 864 MHz iii) Channels: UHF, VHF, CATV iv) Power Level: +60 dBmV v) Power Level Range: +50 to +62 vi) Broadband Noise: -77 dBc vii) Spurious: -63 dBch) 4.5 MHz Audio i) Carrier Tolerance: ± 150 Hz 32 to 122 ºF


92

AQD (See pages: 19, 27, 31, 65 )

The HDTV (ATSC/QAM) demodulator shall have a 3RU modular design to permit up to eight units to be inserted in a chassis with a common power and control unit. The demodulator shall output a NTSC composite video via an F connector and audio via left/right RCA connectors. The HDTV demodulator shall be capable of decoding all 18 ATSC (Advanced Television Systems Committee) standard formats including 8VSB, annex B QAM 64 and QAM 256. The HDTV demodulator will have its video displayed in 480i (NTSC) in 4:3 or 16:9 formats with closed captioning decoding supported as well. The HDTV demodulator shall be equal to Blonder Tongue AQD and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

AQD-PCM/QTRC (See pages: 19, 27, 65 )

The rack chassis and power supply / control module shall provide eight modular slots for mounting and powering AQD (ATSC/QAM) demodulators. The rack chassis shall be UL Listed and occupy 3RU’s in a 19 inch rack. The power and control unit shall have a 2 line by 16 character liquid crystal display (LCD) to allow interaction with easy to follow user menu functions for simple programming. The rack chassis and its power and control module shall be equal to Blonder Tongue QTRC and AQD-PCM. They shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) Power Requirements Input: 115 VAC 50/60 Hzb) Operating Temperature Range: 0 to 50º C

c) Chassis Size (W x H x D): 19 X 5.25 x 12.0 in.

AQD-RCS (See pages: 19, 31, 65 )

The AQD-RCS (Remote Configuration Server) shall be an optional unit and have a modular design to interface with the PCM (Power & Control Module) and occupying one slot of the Rack Chassis. The RCS will feature a graphical web browser based interface to permit remote computer control of the entire AQD headend. The unit shall have a programmable static IP address and function with standard browsers such as Microsoft® Internet Explorer® 6.0 or later and not require any software to be loaded onto an operators computer. The RCS shall be equal to the Blonder Tongue AQD-RCS or exceed the following specifications:


a) IP Addressing: Fixed Static IPb) User Name & Password: Software Settablec) Administrator & View Modesd) Module Dimensions (W x H x D): 11.31 x 5.25 x 1.5 in.e) Chassis Dimensions: 19 x 5.25 x 12 in.f) Mounting: Standard 3 EIA Unit Height 5.25 x 19 in.g) Power Requirement: 5 VDC, 200 mA

h) Operating Temperature: 0º to +50º Ci) Storage Temperature: -20º to +70º Cj) Humidity: 0 to 95% RHk) RJ-45 Ethernet Connectorl) RJ-11 RS-232 Serial Data Connectorm) 12-pin Power Connectorn) Ethernet Link LEDo) Ethernet Receive LEDp) Ethernet Transmit LED

a) Input Tuning Range: i) 8VSB (1) VHF 2-13: 54-216 (2) UHF 14-69: 470-806 (3) CATV: 2-135

ii) QAM (1) CATV: 2-135b) Operating Input Range:

-20 dbmV to +20 dBmVc) Data Rate: i) 8VSB Mode: 19.392 Mbps ii) QAM 64 Annex B:

26.9 Mbps, Auto Detection iii) QAM 256 Annex B:

38.8 Mbps, Auto Detection

d) Video Output: NTSC Composite Video i) Output Level: 1 V p-p ii) Aspect Ratio: 4:3, 16:9 (Pan and Scan) iii) Closed Captioning: EIA-608 iv) Format: 480ie) Audio Output: Analog i) Output Level: 1 Vrms ii) Audio Control: Adjustable in 2 dB steps f) Size (W x H x D): 1.5 x 5.25 x 10.63 in.

93


AQM (See pages: 11, 49, 59 )

The QAM modulator shall have a 2RU modular design to permit up to six units to be inserted in a chassis with a common power supply. The modulator shall provide modulation modes of 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512 and 1024 QAM. It shall have an integrated frequency agile upconverter capable of CATV output channels T7 to 135. The QAM modulator shall be equal to Blonder Tongue AQM and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

AQP (See pages: 33, 59 )The ATSC/QAM Processor shall be in a 1RU chassis. The processor shall be compatible with both off-air 8VSB and CATV QAM channel inputs including sub channels T7-T13. The processor has a QAM frequency agile output from 54-864 MHz (Channels 2-135). The ATSC/AQM processor shall be equal to Blonder Tongue AQP and shall meet the following specifications:a) Standards i) 8VSB/16VSB: ATSC Digital Television A/53E ii) QAM: ITU-T J.83 - Annex A & B (16, 32, 64, 128, and 256 QAM)b) 8VSB/16VSB Modes i) Tuning Range: VHF (NTSC Ch. 2-13), UHF (NTSC Ch. 14-69) ii) Data Rate: 19.392 Mbps iii) Bandwidth: 6 MHz iv) 8VSB Power Level: -28 to 20 dBmVc) QAM Mode i) Tuning Range: CATV (NTSC Ch. T7-T13; 2-135) ii) Data Rate: 38.8 Mbps (QAM 256); 26.97 Mbps (QAM 64) – Auto Detect iii) Bandwidth: 6 MHz iv) Power Level: -20 to +20 dBmVd) QAM Modulation Modes: 16, 32, 64, 128, & 256e) DVB Symbol Rate: Variable; 1 to 7 MSymbols/sec (Mbaud)f) Frequency Range: 54 to 864 MHzg) QAM Tuning :NTSC: Per channel’s number from 2 to 135h) Per channel’s center-frequency (12.5 kHz increments)i) RF Level: +55 dBmV j) Size (W x D x H): 19 x 18.125 x 1.75 in.k) Power: 105 to 135 VAC; 60 Hz l) Power Dissipation: 23 W


a) Input: ASI (per EN 50083-9)b) Symbol Rate: Variable, up to 10 Mbaudc) MER: 40 dBd) RF Output: CATV T7 to 135 (5.75-864 MHz)e) Output Level: +40 dBmV (average measurement)f) Output Level Control: 10 dBg) Amplitude Flatness: ± 0.25 dB (over 6 MHz)h) Phase Noise: @ 10 kHz Offset: -98 dBci) Spurious Output (54-1000 MHz): - 60 dBc

j) Broadband Noise: -75 dBc (@ 40 dBmV out, 4 MHz BW)k) Controls: LCD display with 5 interactive

navigation/enter push buttonsl) Connectors: ASI input (BNC 75 Ω), RF output (F) m) Operating Temperature Range: 0 to 50º Cn) Size (W x H x D): 2.3 x 3.5 x 7.5 in.


94


AQT (See page: 21)

The ATSC/QAM to QAM transcoder shall have a 3RU modular chassis design permitting up to eight units to be mounted along with a common power supply and control unit. The transcoder modules shall be compatible with both off-air 8VSB and CATV QAM channel inputs. The ATSC/AQM transcoder shall be equal to Blonder Tongue AQT and shall meet the following specifications:

AQT-PCM/QTRC (See page: 21 )

The rack chassis and power supply/control module shall be UL Listed and provide eight modular slots for mounting and powering AQT (ATSC/QAM) transcoders. The rack chassis shall occupy 3 RU’s in a 19 inch rack. The power and control unit shall have a backlit Liquid Crystal Display with 5 navigation/enter push buttons. The rack chassis and its power supply/control module shall be equal to Blonder Tongue QTRC and AQT-PCM. They shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) Power Requirement: 100 to 265 VAC 50/60 Hz, 107 Wb) Operating Temperature: 0 to 50º C

c) Chassis Size (W x H x D): 19 x 5.25 x 12 in.

AQT-RCS (See page: 21 )

The AQT-RCS (Remote Configuration Server) shall be an optional unit and have a modular design to interface with the PCM (Power & Control Module) and occupying one slot of the Rack Chassis. The RCS will feature a graphical web browser based interface to permit remote computer control of the entire AQT headend. The unit shall have a programmable static IP address and function with standard browsers such as Microsoft® Internet Explorer® 6.0 or later and not require any software to be loaded onto an operators computer. The RCS shall be equal to the Blonder Tongue AQD-RCS or exceed the following specifications:

a) Demod Mode i) ATSC: 8VSB or 16VSB ii) ITUA: 16, 32, 64, 128, 256 QAM iii) ITUB: 64, 256 QAMb) 8 VSB Input Range: i) VHF/UHF, 54-806 MHz ii) Level (1) -28 dBmV Min. 8VSB (2) -25 dBmV Min. 16VSBc) QAM Input Range i) 54-861 MHz ii) Level (1) -20 dBmV Min. QAM64 (2) -15 dBmV Min. QAM256

d) QAM Output i) 54-860 MHz (CATV 2-135) ii) Variable Bandwidth iii) +40 dBmV Output level (average meas.) iv) 16, 32, 64, 128 and 256 Modulation modes v) -95 dBc Phase Noise @ 10 kHze) Size (W x H x D): 1.5 x 5.25 x 10.63 in.

a) IP Addressing: Fixed Static IPb) User Name & Password: Software Settablec) Administrator & View Modesd) Module Dimensions (W x H x D): 11.31 x 5.25 x 1.5 in.e) Chassis Dimensions: 19 x 5.25 x 12 in.f) Mounting: Standard 3 EIA Unit Height 5.25 x 19 in.g) Power Requirement: 5 VDC, 200 mA

h) Operating Temperature: 0º to +50º Ci) Storage Temperature: -20º to +70º Cj) Humidity: 0 to 95% RHk) RJ-45 Ethernet Connectorl) RJ-11 RS-232 Serial Data Connectorm) 12-pin Power Connectorn) Ethernet Link LEDo) Ethernet Receive LEDp) Ethernet Transmit LED

95


BIDA-55A-30P (See pages: 9, 13, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 31, 33, 35, 37, 38, 41, 47, 51, 53, 75, 76, 77 )

The distribution amplifiers shall be housed in a heavy 100% shielded enclosure and employ power doubling hybrid circuitry for forward path amplification. The amplifier shall contain an integrated, amplified return path that is field defeatable. The amplifiers shall have mounting tabs for securing to any flat surface, and be powered be an external UL listed power transformer. The amplifiers shall be equal to Blonder Tongue BIDA-55A-30P, and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

BIDA-75A-30P (See pages: 9, 13, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 31, 33, 35, 37, 38, 41, 47, 51, 53, 75, 76, 77 )



a) Forward Passband: 49 to 550 MHzb) Reverse Passband: 5 to 36 MHzc) Flatness: ±0.50 dB or betterd) Gain: 32 dBe) Manual Gain Control Range: 10 dBf) Manual Slope Control Range: 8 dBg) Test Ports: i) Input: -30 ±2 dB ii) Output: -30 ±2 dBh) Return Loss: i) Input: 16 dB Minimum ii) Output: 16 dB Minimum

i) Terminal Impedance: 75 Ωj) Noise Figure: 7.0 dB Maximumk) Hum Modulation: -70 dBl) Number of Channels: 77m) Output Level: i) LowestChannel: 36 dBmV ii) Highest Channel: 44 dBmVn) Composite Triple Beat Distortion -71 dBo) Cross Modulation: -74 dBp) Transformer AC input: 120 VAC, 60 Hzq) Operating Temperature: -20° C to 60° C

a) Forward Passband: 49 to 750 MHzb) Reverse Passband: 5 to 36 MHzc) Flatness: ±0.70 dB or betterd) Gain: 32 dBe) Manual Gain Control Range: 10 dBf) Manual Slope Control Range: 8 dBg) Test Ports: i) Input: -30 ±2 dB ii) Output: -30 ±2 dBh) Return Loss: i) Input: 16 dB Minimum ii) Output: 16 dB Minimumi) Terminal Impedance: 75 Ωj) Noise Figure: 8.5 dB Maximumk) Hum Modulation: -70 dB

l) Number of Channels: 110m) Output Level: i) Lowest Channel: 36 dBmV ii) Highest Channel: 44 dBmVn) Composite Triple Beat Distortion -64 dBo) Cross Modulation: -68 dBp) Transformer AC input: 120 VAC, 60 Hzq) Operating Temperature: -20° C to 60° C


96

BIDA-86A-30P (See pages: 9, 13, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 31, 33, 35, 37, 38, 41, 47, 51, 53, 75, 76, 77 )


BIDA-55A-43P (See pages: 9, 13, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 31, 33, 35, 37, 38, 41, 47, 51, 53, 75, 76, 77 )




i) Terminal Impedance: 75 Ωj) Noise Figure: 8.5 dB Maximumk) Hum Modulation: -70 dBl) Number of Channels: 129m) Output Level: i) Lowest Channel: 36 dBmV ii) Highest Channel: 44 dBmVn) Composite Triple Beat Distortion -62 dBo) Cross Modulation: -62 dBp) Transformer AC input: 120 VAC, 60 Hzq) Operating Temperature: -20° C to 60° C



97


BIDA-75A-43P (See pages: 9, 13, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 31, 33, 35, 37, 38, 41, 47, 51, 53, 75, 76, 77 )


BIDA-86A-43P (See pages: 9, 13, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 31, 33, 35, 37, 38, 41, 47, 51, 53, 75, 76, 77 )




i) Terminal Impedance: 75 Ωj) Noise Figure: 8.5 dB Maximumk) Hum Modulation: -70 dBl) Number of Channels: 110m) Output Level: i) Lowest Channel: 36 dBmV ii) Highest Channel: 44 dBmVn) Composite Triple Beat Distortion -64 dBo) Cross Modulation: -68 dBp) Transformer AC input: 120 VAC, 60 Hzq) Operating Temperature: -20° C to 60° C

a) Forward Passband: 49 to 860 MHzb) Reverse Passband: 5 to 36 MHzc) Flatness: ± 0.70 dB or betterd) Gain: 43 dBe) Manual Gain Control Range: 10 dBf) Manual Slope Control Range: 8 dBg) Test Ports: i) Input: -30 ±2 dB ii) Output: -30 ±2 dBh) Return Loss: i) Input: 16 dB Minimum ii) Output: 16 dB Minimumi) Terminal Impedance: 75 Ωj) Noise Figure: 7.0 dB Maximumk) Hum Modulation: -70 dB

l) Number of Channels: 129m) Output Level: i) Lowest Channel: 36 dBmV ii) Highest Channel: 44 dBmVn) Composite Triple Beat Distortion -60 dBo) Cross Modulation: -65 dBp) Transformer AC input: 120 VAC, 60 Hzq) Operating Temperature: -20° C to 60° C


98


BIDA-100A-30 (See pages: 9, 13, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 31, 33, 35, 37, 38, 41, 47, 51, 53, 75, 76, 77 )


BTY-10-U (See pages: 21, 25 )

Single Channel UHF antennas shall be of the Yagi design with a flat frequency response. Gain over isotropic shall be 12.2 dBi or greater. The antenna boom shall be constructed of 6063-T6 aluminum with 10 elements constructed of 6063-T52 aluminum. The element ends shall be sealed against entry of moisture and weather protected with an anti-corrosion finish. The UHF antennas shall be equal to Blonder Tongue BTY-10-U and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) Impedance: 75 Ωb) Gain Over Isotropic: 12.2 dBi Minimumc) Front-To-Back Radio: 14 dB Minimumd) Survival Wind Load: 125 mphf) 3 dB Horizontal Beamwidth: 46 Degreesg) Channels: 14 to 69

BTY-UHF-BB (See pages: 21, 25 )

Broadband UHF antennas shall be of the log periodic design with a flat frequency response. Gain over isotropic shall be 10.2 dBi. The antenna boom shall be constructed of 6063-T6 aluminum with 8 elements constructed of 6063-T52 aluminum. The element ends shall be sealed against entry of moisture and weather protected with an anti-corrosion finish. The VHF antennas shall be equal to Blonder Tongue BTY-UHF-BB and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) Impedance: 75 Ωb) Voltage Standing Wave Ratio: 1.67:1c) Gain Over Isotropic: 10.2 dBid) Front-To-Back Radio: 18 dB Minimum e) Survival Wind Load: 125 mphf) 3 dB Horizontal Beamwidth: 62 Degreesg) Bandwidth: 470-890 MHz



99


CEF-750 (See pages: 51, 85)

The channel elimination filter shall be a professional quality rack mounted (1RU) product with a pass band of 50-750 MHz. The filter shall be designed to remove one 6 MHz wide television channel with an attenuation of greater than 52 dB on the visual and aural carriers with negligible loss to adjacent channel carriers. The channel elimination filter shall be available on channels 2 through CATV 38 (54-312 MHz). The channel elimination filter shall be equal to Blonder Tongue CEF-750, and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:a) Frequency Range i) Channel Elimination: 54-312 MHz ii) Passband: 50-750 MHzb) Insertion Loss: 3 dB Max c) Channel Suppression: 52 dBd) Adjacent Channel Insertion Loss 2 to 23: 3.0 dB 24 to 38: 4.0 dB

e) Impedance: 75 Ωf) Return Loss: 10 dB Min.g) Size (W x H x D): 19.0 x 1.75 x 10.25 in.

CMA-Uc (See pages: 19, 21, 23, 25 )

UHF broadband preamplifiers shall be two piece construction to allow optimum placement of the amplifier in relation to the antenna. The amplifier shall be housed in a rugged, mast mount, die-cast housing and have a -20 dB backmatched test port. The UHF broadband preamplifiers shall be equal to Blonder Tongue CMA-Uc with power supply PS-1526 and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) Frequency Range: 470-806 MHzb) Gain: 20 dBc) Input Capability: -9 to +26 dBmV per channeld) Noise Figure: 3 dB Maximum

DFCS-24 (See pages: 67, 78 )

The distribution frame cable splitter shall have a 19 inch, 1RU rack mountable chassis and provide twenty four (24) output ports for drop cable connections. The splitter shall have a -20 dB test point for testing the input signal without interruption of service. The splitter shall be equal to Blonder Tongue DFCS-24, and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:


a) Frequency Range: 5-1000 MHzb) Impedance: 75 Ωc) Input Test Port: -20 dBd) Return Loss: i) Input: 16 dB Minimum ii) Output: 18 dB Minimum

e) Isolation i) Adjacent Ports: 25 dB ii) Non-Adjacent Ports: >40 dB f) Insertion Loss: 20 dB Maximum


100

DFCS-32 (See page: 78 )

The distribution frame cable splitter shall have a 19 inch, 1RU rack mountable chassis and provide thirty two (32) output ports for drop cable connections. The splitter shall have a -20 dB test point for testing the input signal without interruption of service. The splitter shall be equal to Blonder Tongue DFCS-32, and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

The HDTV off-air processor shall be a two-unit system consisting of a Downconverter unit which acts as the input section and an Upconverter unit which acts as the output section. Both units are housed in a modular die-cast chassis requiring two positions or slots in a compatible modular rack chassis. The Downconverter unit shall accept any 8VSB signal from 54-860 MHz. Channel entry shall be done by a 2 digit front panel BCD switch. (i.e.: - VHF 2-13, UHF 14-69 & unused spectrum 806-860 MHz). The Downconverter shall output an IF signal which is then fed to the Upconverter unit.

The Upconverter unit shall take the IF signal and process it to any channel from 54-860 MHz. Channel entry shall be the same as the downconverter (i.e.: - CATV, STD, IRC & HRC as well as Broadcast VHF & UHF). The HDTV channel processor shall be equal to Blonder Tongue DHDP-V and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:


a) Frequency Range: 5-1000 MHzb) Impedance: 75 Ωc) Input Test Port: -20 dBd) Return Loss: i) Input: 16 dB Minimum ii) Output: 18 dB Minimum

e) Isolation i) Adjacent Ports: 25 dB ii) Non-Adjacent Ports: >40 dB f) Insertion Loss: 20 dB Maximum

DHDP-V (See page: 23 )

a) Input Frequency Range: (8VSB - downconverter)

i) VHF 2-13: 54-216 ii) UHF 14-69: 470-806 iii) UHF Extended: 806-860b) Operating Input Range: -10 dbmV to +20 dBmVc) Input Level Range: i) (AGC Controlled) -20 dBmV to +25 dBmV ii) Adj. Ch. Rejection:

(Ref. to +30 dBmV IF output) iii) Adj. Aural and Below: >65 dB iv) Adj. Visual and Above: >65 dBd) Output Frequency: 44.00 MHz IFe) Phase Noise: @ 10 KHz Offset -85 dBc/Hzf) Output Frequency Range:

54-860 MHz (upconverter)g) Channels: i) CATV- STD, IRC, HRC ii) Broadcast; VHF, UHF

h) Output Frequency Tolerance: ±5 KHzi) Output Level: i) Analog: +45 dBmV

(IF Input +35 dBmV) ii) Digital: +40 dBmV

(IF Input +30dBmV)j) Output Level Adj. Range: 10 dBk) Spurious Output 50-1000 MHz: -60 dBl) C/N Ratio IN Channel: i) Digital: -60 dB

(6 MHz BW +40 dBmV Output) ii) Analog: -65 dB

(4 MHz BW +45 dBmV Output)m) Broadband Noise: -76 dBc

101


DSV-42 (See pages: 51, 55, 56, 59, 71 )

The sub-band diplexers shall be manufactured in a die-cast housing with a soldered back plate to ensure high RFI shielding. Sub-band diplexers shall be employed for isolating and separating VHF/UHF/CATV signals (50 to 1000 MHz) from sub-channel signals (DC to 42 MHz). They shall permit two-way transmission of RF signals on a single coaxial cable. The sub-band diplexers shall be equal to Blonder Tongue DSV-42 and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:


a) Frequency Range: 5-1000 MHzb) Impedance: 75 Ωc) Passband: i) Combined: DC-42 and 50-1000 MHz ii) High: 50-1000 MHz iii) Low: DC-42 MHzd) Insertion Loss: 0.5 dBe) Return Loss: 14 dB Minimumf) Isolation: i) DC-42 MHz:

(a) 50-860 MHz: 55 dB Minimum (b) 860-1000 MHz: 45 dB Minimum ii) 50-1000 MHz: (a) DC-42 MHz: 45 dB Minimumg) Power Passing Capability: 500 mA


102

DQMx (See page: 25)

The Digital QAM Multiplexer shall accept up to four inputs in ASI, 8VSB, and QAM formats, and delivers one output in QAM format in the 54-864 MHz range. Two types of input modules are available (ASI and 8VSB/QAM), and any combination of input modules is allowed. Each ASI input module can process up to twelve channels, not to exceed 270 Mbps. Each 8VSB/QAM input module can process up to twelve channels, not to exceed 19.4 Mbps for 8VSB or 38.8 Mbps for QAM 256. The QAM-modulated output can contain up to twelve channels, not to exceed 38.8 Mpbs when operating in QAM 256 mode. The digital QAM multiplexer shall also maintain MPEG-2 mapping if the input ASI stream is removed and the same stream is added later (for example, after a power cycle). In addition to PAT, PMT, and MGT tables, the unit shall support RRT, STT, and VCT tables of the MPEG-2 transport stream and will automatically re-map duplicate PIDs, program numbers, and minor chan-nel numbers. The digital QAM Multiplexer shall be equal to the Blonder Tongue DQMx Series and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) Input i) Connectors 1) ASI module: BNC Female 2) 8VSB/QAM module: “F” Female

b) Standards i) ASI: DVB-ASI; EN 50083-9 ii) 8VSB: ATSC Digital Television A/53E iii) QAM: ITU-T J.83 - Annex A & B (64 and 256 QAM) iv) ASI Mode Transport Rate: 270 Mbps

c) 8VSB Mode i) Tuning Range: VHF (NTSC Ch. 2-13), UHF (NTSC Ch. 14-69) ii) Data Rate: 19.392 Mbps iii) Bandwidth: 6 MHz iv) Power Level: -20 to +20 dBmV

d) QAM Mode i) Tuning Range: CATV (NTSC Ch. 2-135) ii) Data Rate: 38.8 Mbps (QAM 256); 26.97 Mbps (QAM 64) iii) Bandwidth: 6 MHz iv) Power Level: -15 to 20 dBmV, -20 to 20 dBmV


e) Output i) Connector: “F” Female ii) QAM Modulation Modes: 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512,and 1024 iii) DVB Symbol Rate Variable; 1 to 7 MSymbols/sec iv)Frequency Range: 54 to 864 MHz

f) QAM Tuning i) NTSC: Per channel’s number from 2 to 135 ii) RF Level +60 dBmV iii) RF Level Adjustment Range 50 to 60 dBmV iv) Frequency Tolerance ± 0.5 kHz @ 77 °F (25 °C) v) Frequency Stability ± 5 kHz over 32 to 122 °F (0 to 50 °C) vi) Phase Noise -98 dBc (@ 10 kHz) vii) Spurious -60 dBc viii) Broadband Noise -75 dBc ix) SNR Greater than 40 dB x) MER Greater than 40 dB

g) Encoding Profile i) Video: MPEG 2 HD; ISO 13818-2; 1080i, MPEG 2 SD; ISO 13818-2; 480i ii) Audio: Pass through compress audio

h) General i) Dimensions (W x D x H): 19.0 x 14.3 x 1.75 inches ii) Power: 100 to 265 VAC/50 to 60 Hz

103


EQAM-420A (See page: 41)

The IP to QAM (EdgeQAM) unit shall be designed to allow CATV operators to aggregate multiple SDTV/HDTV programs received in IP format and to deliver them over a standard coaxial distribution network. The unit shall be capable of accepting unencrypted (clear) 1000Base-T Ethernet (GbE) streams in one of the following two modes: Mode 1: Up to thirty-two (32) MPEG-2/H.264 Single Program Transport Streams (SPTS)Mode 2: Up to eight (8) MPEG-2/H.264 Multi Program Transport Streams (MPTS), each not to exceed 38.8 Mbps.

The input streams are to be aggregated in up to eight (8) QAM RF channels in the 54-996 MHz range. EdgeQAM models shall be available with one or two QAM output modules, each capable of delivering four (4) adjoining QAM channels. Each QAM channel can contain up to four (4) programs. The QAM RF output shall be available in either unencrypted or with Pro:Idiom™ encryption for protection against content piracy.Comprehensive remote monitoring and control shall be provided through the use of any standard Web browser via a front-panel 10/100BaseT Ethernet connection. The EdgeQAM unit shall be equal to the Blonder Tongue EQAM-420A Series and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) IP i) Connector: 1x RJ-45 ii) Standard: 1000Base-T Ethernet iii) UDP/RTP: Supported

b) Stream Portfolio i) SPTS & MPTS: Null Packet Deletion & Addition Muxing of input streams ii) Bitrate: Variable and Constant

c) Dimensions (W x D x H): 19.0 x 18.125 x 1.75 inches

d) Power: 115-230VAC, 60/50Hz

e) QAM i) No. of Output Modules: 1 or 2 Quad-QAM ii) Connector: 1x "F" Female iii) Modulation: QAM 16, 32, 64, 128, and 256 iv) Standards: ITU-T J.83, Annex A and B v) DVB Symbol Rate: Variable; up to 7 MSymbol/sec vi) Frequency Range: 54 to 996 MHz vii) Tuning: CATV Channel Selectable (CH 2 to 157) viii) Channels' Bandwidth: 24 MHz ix) No. of Programs: Variable x) RF Level: +35 dBmV ± 1 dB increment xi) RF Level Adjustment Range: + 30 to +37 dBmV, 1 dB increment xii) Frequency Tolerance: ± 0.5 kHz @ 77 °F (25 °C) xiii) Frequency Stability: ± 5 kHz over 32 to 122 °F (0 to 50 °C) xiv) Amplitude Flatness: ± 0.25 dB xv) Phase Noise: -98 dBc xvi) Spurious -60 dBc xvii) Broadband Noise: -70 dBc xviii) Impedance: 75 Ω xix) Spectral Inversion: Auto Recognition xx) Carrier Suppression: 45 dB xxi) Return Loss: 14 dB typical xxii) Signal-to-Noise Ratio: (SNR): 40 dB typical xxiii) MER: 39 dB typical xxiv) I/Q Phase Error: Less than 1 degree xxv) I/Q Amplitude Imbalance: Less than 1%



104

FIBT-S3A-XXXX (See page: 81)

To ensure link fidelity, both the transmitter and receiver shall be provided by the same manufacturer. The fiber transmitter shall transmit 110 channels downstream on 9/125 mm or 10/125 mm single mode fiber. Transmitter shall be a rack mount unit with an internal power supply, and shall have a tri-color status indicator LED on the RF input. The transmitters shall be equal to Blonder Tongue FIBT-S3A-XXXX Series and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) Operating Wavelength: 1310 nm b) Bandwidth: 45 to 860 MHzc) Input Impedance: 75 Ωd) Back Reflection: -50 dB Maximume) Optical Output Power: 6-14 dBm (Output power dependant on model used)f) RF Input Level (110 Ch. Load): +18 dBmVg) CNR (0 dBm In, 110 Ch Load): 54 dBh) CTB (110 Ch Load): -69 dB Minimumi) CSO (110 Ch Load): -63 dB Minimum

j) Optical Output Connector: FC/APC k) RF Input Connector: Fl) RF Input Adjustment Range: 4dBm) Optical Output: FC/APC Standard,

SC/APC Optionaln) RF Input Indicator: Tri-color LED

FOC-23-16-U (See page: 81)

Where optical splitting or coupling is required by the network design, a rack-mount coupler shall be used. The coupler shall be for single mode fiber and employ FC/APC connectors to enable broadband communications. The six port optical coupler shall be equal to Blonder Tongue FOC-23-16-U and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) Number of Inputs: 1b) Number of Outputs: 6c) Wavelength: 1310 or 1550 nmd) Insertion Loss: 9.7 dB

e) Optical Connectors: FC/APC (only)

FOC-102U-XX (See page: 81)

Where optical splitting or coupling is required by the network design, a rack-mount coupler shall be used. The coupler shall be for single mode fiber and employ either FC/APC or SC/APC connectors to enable broadband communications. The two port optical coupler shall be equal to Blonder Tongue FOC-102U-XX and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) Number of Inputs: 1b) Number of Outputs: 2c) Wavelength: 1310 or 1550 nmd) Insertion Loss: 3.3 dBe) Optical Connectors: Specify - FA (FC/APC) or SA (SC/APC)


Where optical splitting or coupling is required by the network design, a rack-mount coupler shall be used. The coupler shall be for single mode fiber and employ either FC/APC or SC/APC connectors to enable broadband communications. The four port optical coupler shall be equal to Blonder Tongue FOC-104U-XX and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:


e) Optical Connectors: Specify - FA (FC/APC) or SA (SC/APC)


105




a) Number of Inputs: 1b) Number of Outputs: 8c) Wavelength: 1310 or 1550 nmd) Insertion Loss: 9.5 dB e) Optical Connectors: Specify - FA (FC/APC) or SA (SC/APC)

FOC-116U-XX (See page: 81 )



e) Optical Connectors: Specify - FA (FC/APC) or SA (SC/APC)

FOCN-S4S-201 (See page: 81 )

To ensure link fidelity, both the transmitter and receiver shall be provided by the same manufacturer. The fiber receiver shall receive 110 channels downstream on 9/125 mm or 10/125 mm single mode fiber. The receiver shall be a wall mounted unit powered by a UL listed 12 VDC external power supply (BT Stock # 7415). The receiver shall be powered either directly through its 12 VDC connector or remotely from its RF output connector using a power inserter (included in #7415). The receiver shall also include a tri-colored LED indicator for optical level input status. The receiver shall be equal to Blonder Tongue FOCN-S4S-201 series and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:


a) Output Impedance: 75 Ωb) Band Width: 54-870 MHz c) Optical Input: -8.0 to +2.0 dBm d) Max Channel Load: 110e) Operating Wavelength: 1310 or 1550 nm, Field Selectablef) CNR of link: >54 dB (1 dBm input, 110 Ch, Load)

g) Optical Connector: SC/APC h) RF Output & Test Port: Fi) Output Test Port Level: -20 dBj) Optical Input Indicator: Tri-color LEDk) RF Output: 28 dBmV @ -1 dBm inputl) Return Loss: 16 dB Minimum


106


FRDA-S4A-860 (See page: 81 )

To ensure link fidelity, both the transmitter and receiver shall be provided by the same manufacturer. The fiber receiver shall receive 110 channels downstream on 9/125 mm or 10/125 mm single mode fiber. Receiver shall be a wall mount unit with an UL listed, external power supply. The receiver shall have a tri-color status indicator LED on the optical input. The receiver will have internally accessible plug-in attenuator to prevent overdriving of the hybrid amplifiers. The receiver shall be equal to Blonder Tongue FRDA-S4A-860 and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

FRRA-S4A-860-43P (See page: 81 )

To ensure link fidelity, both the transmitter and receiver shall be provided by the same manufacturer. The fiber receiver shall receive 110 channels downstream on 9/125 mm or 10/125 mm single mode fiber. Receiver shall be a rack mount unit with an internal power supply. The receiver shall have a tri-color status indicator LED on the optical input. The receiver shall have the provision to use an external FAM attenuator to prevent overdriving of the hybrid amplifiers. The receiver shall be equal to Blonder Tongue FRRA-S4A-860 Series and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) Output Impedance: 75 Ωb) Bandwidth: 47 to 860 MHzc) Optical Input: -6.0 to +3.0 dBm d) Max Channel Load: 110e) Operating Wavelength:

1310 or 1550 nm, Field Selectablef) CNR of link:

53 dB (1 dBm input, 110 Ch, Load)g) Optical Connector: FC/APC

Standard, SC/APC Optionalh) RF Output & Test Port: F i) Output Test Port Level: -30 ±2 dB

j) Gain Control Range: 10 dBk) Slope Control Range: 8 dBl) Optical Input Indicator: Tri-color LEDm) Hum Modulation: -70 dBn) RF Gain: 43 dBo) Return Loss: 16 dB Minimum

a) Output Impedance: 75 Ωb) Bandwidth: 47 to 860 MHz c) Optical Input: -6.0 to +3.0 dBm d) Max Channel Load: 110e) Operating Wavelength: 1310 or 1550 nm, Field Selectablef) CNR of link: 53 dB

(1 dBm input, 110 Ch, Load)g) Optical Connector: FC/APC Standard,

SC/APC Optionalh) RF Output & Test Port: F i) Output Test Port Level: -30 ±2 dBj) Gain Control Range: 10 dB

k) Slope Control Range: 8 dBl) Optical Input Indicator: Tri-color LEDm) Hum Modulation: -70 dBn) RF Gain: 43 dBo) Return Loss: 16 dB Minimum

107


HD264-2S-IP (See page: 69)The HD Encoder shall accept up to two (2) programs from any of the following inputs: 2xHD-SDI, 2xHDMI (unencrypted), and 2xComponent. Each input program, if applicable shall be digitized, then H.264 or MPEG-2 encoded into a high-definition Single Program Transport Stream (SPTS), and finally IP-encapsulated and delivered in 10/100Base-T Ethernet format as an output. Each SPTS shall be also available via two (2) identical ancillary outputs in ASI format. The encoder must support Dolby® Digital audio encoding, and Closed Captioning (EIA-608 and EIA-708). It shall be equipped with an autosensing relay that allows switching to an optional redundant power supply in the unlikely event of primary power supply failure.Comprehensive remote monitoring and control shall be accomplished using any standard Web browser via a front-panel 10/100Base-T Ethernet connection. The HD H.264 encoder shall be equal to the Blonder Tongue H264-2S-IP and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) HD-SDI i) Connectors: 2x BNC ii) Standard: SMPTE 292M iii) Video: 720p & 1080i iv) Audio: Embedded PCM and pass-through Dolby®

c) HDMI i) Connections: 2x HDMI ii) Video Standard: 480i, 720p & 1080i iii) HDCP Encryption: Not supported iv) Audio: Embedded PCM and pass-through Dolby®

d) Component i) Connectors: 2 sets each 3x RCA for Video 2 sets each 2x RCA for Analog Audio ii) Video Standard: Analog iii) Video Aspect Ratio: 16:9 & 4:3

e) H.264 Encoding Profile i) Output Format: H.264; ISO/IEC 14496 ii) Chroma: 4:2:2 iii) Resolution: 1280x720p; 1920x1080i iv) Frame Rate: 29.97 fps v) Aspect Ratio: 16:9 vi) GOP Structure: Dynamic vii) Transport Rate: Variable viii) Video Bit Rate: Variable


f) MPEG-2 Video Encoding Profile i) Output Format: MPEG-2 HD MP@ML ii) Chroma: 4:2:0 iii) Resolution: 72-x480i; 1280x720p; 1920x1080i iv) Frame Rate: 29.97 fps v) Aspect Ratio: 16:9, 4:3 vi) GOP Structure: Dynamic vii) Transport Rate: Variable viii) Video Bit Rate: Variable

ix) Color Space: YCbCr and RGB

g) Audio Encoding Profile i) Output Format: Dolby® Digital, MPEG-1 Layer 2, AAC ii) Sampling Rate: 48 kHz iii) Bit Rate: Variable

h) Closed Captioning: i) HD-SDI: EIA-708 ii) HDMI: Not Supported iii) Component: EIA-608

i) IP: i) Connectors: 2x RJ45 ii) Standard: IEEE 802.3 10/100Base-T Ethernet iii) UDP/RTP: Supported iv) Address Assignment: 2x IPv4 addresses & port numbers

j) ASI: Connectors: 2x BNC (front and rear) Format: DVB-ASI Standard: ETSI EN 50083-9

k) Dimensions (W x D x H): 19.0 15.9 x 1.75 inches

l) Power: 115-230 VAC, 60/50 Hz


108

HDE-2H/2S-QAM (See pages: 13, 67)The HD Encoder accepts up to four (4) high-definition (HD) programs from any of the following inputs: 2xHDMI (unencrypted), 2xHD-SDI, and 4xComponent. MPEG-2 encoded outputs are available in the following formats simultaneously: 4xQAM, 1xGigE (1000Base-T Ethernet), and 4xASI.The encoder supports Dolby® Digital AC-3 audio encoding, and Closed Captioning (EIA-608 and EIA-708). It is also equipped with an Emergency Alert System (EAS) interface. A front-panel RF test point allows for monitoring/testing of the QAM output without service interruption Comprehensive remote monitoring and control is accomplished using any standard Web browser via a front-panel 10/100Base-T Ethernet connection. The HD Encoder shall be equal to Blonder Tongue HDE-2H/2S-QAM and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) HDMI i) Connectors: 2x HDMI ii) Video Standard: 480i, 720p, 1080i iii) HDCP Encryption: Not supported iv) Audio: PCM and pass-through Dolby® AC-3b) Component i) Connectors (1) 4 sets for 3x RCA for Video (2) 4 sets for 2x RCA for Analog Audio (3) 4 sets 1x RCA for Digital Audioc) Video Standard: Analog (720p)d) Video Aspect Ratio: 16:9 & 4:3e) EAS Connectors: 3x RCA; Terminal Stripf) Encoding Profile i) Video (1) Chroma: 4:2:0 (2) Resolution: 720x480; 1280x720; 1920x1080 (3) Frame Format: 480i, 720p60, 1080i30 (4) Aspect Ratio: 16:9, 4:3 (5) GOP Structure: I&P frames (6) Output format: MPEG-2 HD MP@ML; ISO 13818-2 g) Audio i) Output format: Dolby® Digital AC-3 ii) Sampling rate: 48 kHz iii) Bit rate: Variable; 96-448 Kbps


h) Size (W x D x H): 19.0 x 18.125 x 1.75i) QAM i) Modulation: QAM 16, 32, 64, 128, and 256 ii) Frequency Range: 54 to 1002 MHz iii) Tuning: CATV Channel Selectable iv) Channels' Bandwidth: 24 MHz v) RF level: +42 to +52 dBmV +46 to +56 dBmVj) ASI i) Connectors: 4x BNCk) GigE i) Connectors: 1xRJ45 ii) Standard: 1000Base-T Ethernet iii) UDP/RTP: Supported

l) HD-SDI

i) Connector: 2x BNC

109


HDE-4S-QAM (See page: 13 )The HD Encoder accepts up to four (4) high-definition (HD) programs from any of the following inputs: 4xHD-SDI, and 4xComponent. MPEG-2 encoded outputs are available in the following formats simultaneously: 4xQAM, 1xGigE (1000Base-T Ethernet), and 4xASI.The encoder supports Dolby® Digital AC-3 audio encoding, and Closed Captioning (EIA-608 and EIA-708). It is also equipped with an Emergency Alert System (EAS) interface. A front-panel RF test point allows for monitoring/testing of the QAM output without service interruption Comprehensive remote monitoring and control is accomplished using any standard Web browser via a front-panel 10/100Base-T Ethernet connection. The HD Encoder shall be equal to Blonder Tongue HDE-4S-QAM and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) Component i) Connectors (1) 4 sets for 3x RCA for Video (2) 4 sets for 2x RCA for Analog Audio (3) 4 sets 1x RCA for Digital Audioc) Video Aspect Ratio: 16:9 & 4:3d) EAS Connectors: 3x RCA; Terminal Stripe) Encoding Profile i) Video (1) Chroma: 4:2:0 (2) Resolution: 720x480; 1280x720; 1920x1080 (3) Frame Format: 480i, 720p60, 1080i30 (4) Aspect Ratio: 16:9, 4:3 (5) GOP Structure: I&P frames (6) Output format: MPEG-2 HD MP@ML; ISO 13818-2 f) Audio i) Output format: Dolby® Digital AC-3 ii) Sampling rate: 48 kHz iii) Bit rate: Variable; 96-448 Kbps


g) Size (W x D x H): 19.0 x 18.125 x 1.75h) QAM i) Modulation: QAM 16, 32, 64, 128, and 256 ii) Frequency Range: 54 to 1002 MHz iii) Tuning: CATV Channel Selectable iv) Channels' Bandwidth: 24 MHz v) RF level: +42 to +52 dBmV +46 to +56 dBmVi) ASI i) Connectors: 4x BNCj) GigE i) Connectors: 1xRJ45 ii) Standard: 1000Base-T Ethernet

iii) UDP/RTP: Supported k) HD-SDI

i) Connector: 4x BNC


110


HDE-CHV-QAM (See pages: 59, 71 )

The MPEG-2 HD Encoder shall accept one (1) high-definition (HD) program from any of the following inputs: 1xComponent, 1xHDMI (unencrypted), 1x Composite and 1xVGA. MPEG-2 encoded outputs shall be available in the following formats simultaneously: 1xQAM, 1xASI, and 1xIP (10/100Base-T Ethernet). The QAM RF output will be frequency agile over the entire CATV frequency range of 54-1002 MHz (channels 2-158) with an output level of +40 dBmV. The encoder shall support Dolby® Digital audio encoding, Closed Captioning (EIA-608) and be controlled/monitored using a standard Web browser via a front-panel 10/100BaseT Ethernet connection. The HD MPEG-2 encoder shall be equal to the Blonder Tongue HDE-CHV-QAM and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) Input i) Connectors (1) 3x RCA for Video (2) 2x RCA for Analog Audio (3) 1x RCA for Digital Audioc) Video Aspect Ratio: 16:9 & 4:3d) HDMI i) Connectors: 1x HDMI ii) Video Standard: 480i, 720p, 1080i iii) HDCP Encryption: Not supported iv) Audio: PCM and pass-through Dolby® AC-3e) Video (1) Chroma: 4:2:0 (2) Resolution: 720x480; 1280x720; 1920x1080 (3) Frame Format: 480i, 720p60, 1080i30 (4) Aspect Ratio: 16:9, 4:3 (5) GOP Structure: I&P frames (6) Output format: MPEG-2 HD MP@ML; ISO 13818-2 f) Audio i) Output format: Dolby® Digital AC-3 ii) Sampling rate: 48 kHz iii) Bit rate: Variable; 96 - 448 Kbpsg) Closed Captioning i) Component: EIA-608 ii) HDMI: EIA-608; 1x RCAh) Dimensions (W x D x H): 5.65 x 12.5 x 1.75 inchesi) Power: 12 VDC @ 3 Amps

j) QAM i) Connector: 1 x "F" Female ii) Modulation: QAM 16, 32, 64, 128, and 256 iii) Frequency Range: 54 to 1002 MHz iii) Tuning: CATV Channel Selectable (Ch 2 - 158) iv) Channels' Bandwidth: 6 MHz

v) RF level: +40 dBmV ± 1 dB

vi) Phase Noise: -98 dBc

vii) Spurious: -60 dBc

viii) Broadband Noise: -70 dBc

ix) SNR: 40 dB typical

x) MER: 40 dB typicalk) ASI i) Connector: 1x BNC ii) Format: DVB-ASI iii) Standard: ETSI EN 50083-9l) IP i) Connector: 1x RJ45 ii) Standard: 10/100Base-T Ethernet

iii) UDP/RTP: Supported

111


HPC-8 (See pages: 9, 11, 13, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 31, 33, 37, 38, 41, 47, 49, 51, 55, 56, 59, 71)

The channel combiner shall have eight (8) input ports for combining signal sources in the headend. The combiner shall be internally constructed of -120 dB radiation proof passives. The combiner shall have a -20 dB test point for testing of signals without interruption or service. The combiner shall be equal to Blonder Tongue HPC-8, and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) Frequency Range: 5-1000 MHzb) Impedance: 75 Ωc) Output Test Port: -20 dBd) Return Loss: ≥ 18 dBe) Isolation: ≥ 28 dBf) Insertion Loss: 12.5 dB Maximum

HPC-12 (See pages: 9, 11, 13, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 31, 33, 37, 38, 41, 47, 49, 51, 55, 56, 59, 71)

The channel combiner shall have twelve (12) input ports for combining signal sources in the headend. The combiner shall be internally constructed of -120 dB radiation proof passives. The combiner shall have a -20 dB test point for testing of signals without interruption or service. The combiner shall be equal to Blonder Tongue HPC-12, and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) Frequency Range: 5-1000 MHzb) Impedance: 75 Ωc) Output Test Port: -20 ±2 dBd) Return Loss: ≥ 18 dBe) Isolation: 25 dB Minimumf) Insertion Loss: 16.5 dB Maximum

HPC-24 (See pages: 9, 11, 13, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 31, 33, 37, 38, 41, 47, 49, 51, 55, 56, 59, 71)

The channel combiner shall have twenty four (24) input ports for combining signal sources in the headend. The combiner shall be internally constructed of -120 dB radiation proof passives. The combiner shall have a -20 dB test point for testing of signals without interruption or service. The combiner shall be equal to Blonder Tongue HPC-24, and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) Frequency Range: 5-1000 MHzb) Impedance: 75 Ωc) Output Test Port: -20 dBd) Return Loss: ≥ 18 dBe) Isolation: ≥ 28 dBf) Insertion Loss: 20 dB Maximum

HPC-32 (See pages: 9, 11, 13, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 31, 33, 37, 38, 41, 47, 49, 51, 55, 56, 59, 71)

The channel combiner shall have thirty two (32) input ports for combining signal sources in the headend. The combiner shall be internally constructed of -120 dB radiation proof passives. The combiner shall have a -20 dB test point for testing of signals without interruption or service. The combiner shall be equal to Blonder Tongue HPC-32, and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) Frequency Range: 5-1000 MHzb) Impedance: 75 Ωc) Output Test Port: -20 ±2 dBd) Return Loss: ≥ 18 dBe) Isolation: 25 dB Minimumf) Insertion Loss: 20 dB Maximum



112

IPAT (See pages: 63, 71 )

The IP ASI Transcoder shall be a bi-direction device cable of accepting MPEG2/4-encoded input streams in 1000Base-T Ethernet (GbE) and ASI formats simultaneously. The GbE input is transcoded to ASI output while ASI input is transcoded to GbE output.

Two factory-installed options are available (RF IN and RF OUT) to allow either an 8VSB/QAM input or a QAM output depending upon the application. An integrated web server shall provide comprehensive GUI-based local and remote control/monitoring capability using a standard Web browser via a front-panel 10/100BaseT interface. The IP ASI Transcoder shall be equal to Blonder Tongue IPAT and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:a) IP Input/Output Interface i) Connector: 1 x RI45 ii) Format: Gigabit Ethernet (GbE) iii) Standard: IEEE, 802.3 10/100/1000Base-T Ethernet iv) Protocols: IPv4, RTP/UDP, ARP, IGMPv2, ICMPb) ASI Input/Output Interface i) Connector: 1 x BNC ii) Format: DVB-ASI, 270 Mbps iii) Standard: ETSI EN 50083-9 c) Dimensions: 19.0 x 18.125 x 1.75 inchesd) Power: 117 to 230 VAC/ 50 to 60 Hze) Power Dissipation: Less than 40 Wf) RF IN Module (Optional) i) Connector In/Out: “F” Female/BNC ii) Input (1) 8VSB: ATSC Digital TV Standard A/53E (2) QAM: ITU-T J.83 iii) 8SVB Mode (1) Tuning Range: UHF, VHF (2) Symbol Rate: 10.762 Msymbols/sec

(3) Bandwidth: 6 MHz

IPME-CH (See page: 65 )

The rack chassis and power supply shall provide three modular slots for mounting and powering IPME-2 video encoders. The rack chassis shall occupy 1RU in a 19 inch rack. The rack chassis power supply shall be equal to Blonder Tongue IPME-CH and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) Power Requirements: Input: 115 VAC 50/60 Hz Output: 3.3 VDCb) Operating Temperature Range: 0 to 50° Cc) Chassis Size: (W x H x D): 19 X 1.75 x 8.25 in.


iv) QAM Mode (1) Tuning Range: CATV (2) Symbol Rate: 5.3606 Msymbols/sec 5.057 Msymbols/sec (3) Bandwidth: 6 MHz (4) Single Ch. Power Level: -32 to +45 dBmV (5) 8SVB Power Level: -20 to +30 dBmV (6) QAM Power Level: -20 to +20 dBmV (7) Return Loss: 12 dB (8) Impedance: 75 Ω v) Output (1) Format: DVB-ASI, 270 Mbps

(2) Standard: ETSI EN 50083-9

113



IPME-2 (See page: 65 )

The IPTV video encoder shall be housed in a compact modular package for easy integration with existing or new systems. Three IPTV encoders when installed in their IPME-CH rack chassis shall occupy only 1RU in a 19 inch rack. The IPTV video encoder shall be equal to Blonder Tongue IPME-2 and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) Compression: MPEG-2 Standards Compliant, RFC-1889 & RFC-2250 b) Ethernet: 10BaseT Ethernet or 100 BaseTX Fast Ethernet (Auto-sensing)c) Bandwidth Control: Minimum: 30 FPS @ 1.5 Mbits/s, 325 x 240 resolution Recommended: 30 FPS @ 3.8 Mbits/s, 720 x 480 resolution Maximum: 30 FPS @ 7.5 Mbits/s, 720 x 480 resolutiond) Streaming Modes: Multicast or Unicaste) Multicast Sessions: Unlimited number of client viewing sessions f) Video Input/Output Formats: NTSC and PALg) Front Panel Connectors: RJ-45 Ethernet 10/100 RS-232 Serial Connectorh) Rear Panel Connectors: Video Input: F Audio (L/R): RCA Power: 6 Pin +3.3 VDC

i) Operating Temperature Range: 0 to 50° C

MDDA-860 (See page: 67 )

The digital demodulator shall have a 2RU modular design to permit up to twelve units to be inserted in a chassis with a com-mon power supply. The digital demodulator shall be capable of receiving one input in ATSC 8VSB (digital off-air) or “clear” QAM (digital cable) format and delivering one output in ASI format. The digital demodulator shall be equal to Blonder Tongue MDDA-860 and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) Input i) Connector: “F” Female ii) Standards: (1) 8SVB: ATSC Digital TV Standard A/53E (2) QAM: ITU-T J.83 iii) 8VSB Mode: (1) Tuning Range: UHF, VHF (2) Symbol Rate: 10.762 Msymbols/sec (3) Bandwidth: 6 MHz iv) QAM Mode (1) Tuning Range: CATV (2) Symbol Rate: 5.3606 Msymbols/sec; 5.057 Msymbols/sec (3) Bandwidth: 6 MHz v) Single Ch Power Level: -32 to +45 dBmV vi) 8VSB Power Level: -20 to +30 dBmV vii) QAM Power: -20 to +20 dBmV viii) Return Loss: 12dB ix) Impedance: 75 Ω

b) Output i) Connectors (1) ASI: 1 x F ii) ASI (1) Standard: DVB-ASI 50083-9 (2) Data Bit Rate: 270 Mbpsc) Size (W x D x H) i) MDDA-860 Modules: 1.5 x 7.5 x 3.5 inches ii) MIPS-12D Power Supply: 4.2 x 7.5 x 3.5 inches

iii) MIRC-12V Chassis: 19 x 12.0 x 5.25 inches


114


MDDM-860 (See page: 65 )

The HDTV (ATSC/QAM) demodulator shall have a 2RU modular design to permit up to twelve units to be inserted in a chassis with a common power. The demodulator shall output a NTSC composite video via an F connector and audio via left/right RCA connectors. The HDTV demodulator shall be capable of decoding all 18 ATSC (Advanced Television Systems Commit-tee) standard formats including 8VSB, annex B QAM 64 and QAM 256. The HDTV demodulator will have its video displayed in 480i (NTSC) in 4:3 or 16:9 formats with closed captioning decoding supported as well. The HDTV demodulator shall be equal to Blonder Tongue MDDM-860 and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) Input Tuning Range: i) 8VSB (1) VHF 2-13: 54-216 (2) UHF 14-69: 470-806 (3) CATV: 2-135 ii) QAM (1) CATV: 2-135b) Operating Input Range: -20 dbmV to +20 dBmVc) Data Rate: i) 8VSB Mode: 19.392 Mbps ii) QAM 64 Annex B: 26.9 Mbps, Auto Detection iii) QAM 256 Annex B: 38.8 Mbps, Auto Detectiond) Video Output: NTSC Composite Video i) Output Level: 1 V p-p ii) Aspect Ratio: AFD, Center Cut, Letterbox, Full, Zoom 1 & 2 iii) Closed Captioning: EIA-608 iv) Format: 480ie) Audio Output: Analogi) Output Level: 1 Vrmsf) Size (W x H x D): 1.15 x 3.5 x 7.5 in.

MIBT-S3A-XXX (See page: 81 )

To ensure link fidelity, both the transmitter and receiver shall be provided by the same manufacturer. The fiber transmitter shall transmit 110 channels downstream on 9/125 mm or 10/125 mm single mode fiber. The transmitter shall have a modular chassis requiring 2 slots in a MIRC-12 rack chassis. It shall have a tri-color LED status indicator for the RF input. The transmitters shall be equal to Blonder Tongue MIBT-S3A-XXX Series and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) Operating Wavelength: 1310 nm b) Bandwidth: 45 to 860 MHzc) Input Impedance: 75 Ωd) Back Reflection: -50 dB Maximume) Optical Output Power: 6-14 dBm (Output power dependant on model used)f) RF Input Level (110 Ch. Load): +18 dBmVg) CNR (0 dBm In, 110 Ch Load): 54 dBh) CTB (110 Ch Load): -69 dB Minimum

i) CSO (110 Ch Load): -63 dB Minimumj) Optical Output Connector: FC/APC k) RF Input Connector: Fl) RF Input Adjustment Range: 4dBm) Optical Output: FC/APC Standard,

SC/APC Optionaln) RF Input Indicator: Tri-color LED

115


MICM-45D (See pages: 9, 19, 27, 31, 38, 47, 51, 53 )

The modulator shall be a channelized audio/video modulator. The unit will be equipped with CalmTones, a feature utilizing audio AGC circuitry to eliminate loudness variations between program sources. It shall have a modular die cast chassis for superior RFI protection and heat dissipation. The modulator shall modulate a nominal 1.0 volt peak to peak, negative sync video source and 140 mV RMS audio source to a CATV channel from 2 to 135. The modulator shall have front panel controls for video, audio modulation levels, aural to visual ratio and output level. The modulator shall be equal to Blonder Tongue MICM-45D and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) Frequency Range: 54 to 860 MHz b) Output Level Control: 10 dBc) Output Level: 45 dBmV Minimumd) Spurious Outputs: -60 dBce) C/N In Channel: 60 dBf) Output Return Loss: 12 dB Minimum


MICM-45DS (See pages: 9, 19, 27. 31, 38, 47, 51, 53)

The modulator shall be a channelized stereo audio/video modulator. The unit will be equipped with CalmTones, a feature utilizing audio AGC circuitry to eliminate loudness variations between program sources. It shall have a modular die cast chassis for superior RFI protection and heat dissipation.

The modulator shall modulate a nominal 1.0 volt peak to peak, negative sync video source and left and right line level stereo audio source to a CATV channel from 2 to 135. The modulator shall have front panel controls for video, audio modulation levels, aural to visual ratio and output level. The modulator shall be equal to Blonder Tongue MICM-45DS and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) Frequency Range: 54 to 860 MHzb) Output Level: 45 dBmV Minimumc) Output Level Control: 10 dBd) Spurious Outputs: -60 dBce) C/N In Channel: 60 dBf) Output Return Loss: 12 dB Minimumg) Broadband Noise: -90 dBch) Stereo Separation: 25 dB @1KHz

MIDM-806C (See pages: 38. 56 )

The demodulator shall be frequency agile, modular in style and built in a die cast chassis. The demodulator shall demodulate NTSC, HRC or IRC cable TV channels to 1 volt peak to peak video and audio signals. The channel tuning shall be via front panel up-down push button channel switches and 2 digit LED display. It shall have a front panel channel mode switch to select off-air or CATV channels. There shall be RF AGC circuitry to compensate for input level variations. The demodulator shall be equal to Blonder Tongue MIDM 806C and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) Frequency Range: 54 to 88, 108 to 806 MHzb) Input Level: +2 to 12 dBmV (CATV input)c) Video Output Level : 1 V p-pd) Audio Output Level: 1 V p-pe) Input Impedance: 75 Ω



116


MIRC-4D (See pages: 9, 19, 27, 31, 38, 47, 51, 53, 56 )

The rack chassis and UL Listed power supply shall provide four modular slots for mounting and powering compatible UL Recognized components. The rack chassis shall use 1RU of 19 inch rack space. The rack chassis shall be equal to Blonder Tongue MIRC-4D, and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) Power Requirements: Input: 100-240 VAC 50/60 Hz Output: 5 VDC &12 VDC @ 1.8 Ab) Operating Temperature Range: 0 to 50º C

c) Size (W x H x D): 19 X 1.75 x 8.25 in.

MIRC-12V/MIPS-12D (See pages: 9, 19, 27, 31, 38, 47, 51, 53, 56 )

The rack chassis and UL Listed power supply shall provide 12 modular slots for mounting and powering compatible UL Recognized components. The rack chassis shall use 2RU of a 19 inch rack space. The rack chassis and power supply shall be equal to Blonder Tongue MIRC-12 and MIPS-12C, and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:a) Power Requirements: Input: 100-240 VAC 50/60 Hz Output: 5 VDC @ 7.0 A, 12 VDC @ 4.5 A b) Operating Temperature Range: 0 to 50º C c) Size (W x H x D): 19 x 3.5 x 7.5 in.

MPG-1100 (See page: 85 )

A high-speed broadband Internet access solution over coaxial cable shall be equal to Blonder Tongue’s MPG-1100 and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

MPO-ESM-XX (See page: 85 )

A high-speed broadband Internet access solution over coaxial cable shall be equal to Blonder Tongue’s MPO-ESM-XX Series and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) 10/100 BaseT Ethernet Port WAN/LAN Interface

b) Remote or Local provisioning and controlc) Frequency Range D/S: 40 to 80 MHzd) Frequency Range U/S: 5 to 32 MHze) Output Level: +50 dBmVf) Modulation Type: QAM 64

g) Symbol Rate: 1 to 4 Msym/sech) Bandwidth: 1.15 to 6.9 MHzi) Spurious: -60 dBcj) Receive Range: -10 to +15 dBmV

a) MAC Address Identifierb) In/Out Coaxial Female F Connectorc) 10BaseT RJ-45 Receptacled) Transmission Level: +48 dBmV Max.e) Modulation Type: QPSKf) Symbol Rate: 1.5 to 3 Msym/secg) Bandwidth: 1.875 to 3.75 MHz

h) Receive Range: -10 to +40 dBmVi) Frequency Range D/S: i) MPO-ESM-52 — 48 to 56 MHz ii) MPO-ESM-70 — 64 to 76 MHzj) Frequency Range U/S: 5 to 32 MHz

117


MSBC (See page: 56)

The sub band block converter shall be housed in a modular die cast chassis. It shall accept sub band input channels T7-T13 and convert them to VHF highband channels 7 to 13. The sub band converter shall be equal to Blonder Tongue MSBC and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) Input Frequency Range: 5.75-47.75 MHzb) Output Frequency Range: 174-216 MHzc) Output Level: 45 dBmV Minimumd) Recommended Input Level: 0 to +20 dBmVe) Conversion Gain: 3 dBf) Flatness: 1.5 dB PVg) Input Return Loss: 15 dB

h) Output Return Loss: 17 dB

MUX-12A-IP (See page: 67 )

The multiplexer shall accept up to twelve (12) unencrypted MPEG-2/H.264 inputs in ASI format and multiplex them into up to four (4) MPEG-2/H.264 Multi-Program Transport Streams (MPTS) which are then encapsulated and assigned to up to four (4) IPv4 addresses in 1000Base-T Ethernet (GigE) format suitable for distribution over Cat-5 networks. Any two (2) of the four (4) MPTS output streams are also available in ASI format.

The multiplexer shall be EAS-compliant (Emergency Alert System) allowing the operator to assign ASI port #12 as an EAS input which, when activated, will override the content of all other ASI inputs. Comprehensive remote monitoring and control capability shall be included via a GUI-based interface using any standard web browser. The multiplexer shall be equal to Blonder Tongue MUX-12A-IP and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) Input i) Connectors: 12x BNC ii) Format: DVB-ASI iii) Standard: ETSI EN 50083-9b) Output i) GigE (1) Connectors: 1x RJ45 (2) 1000Base-T Ethernet (3) UDP/ RTP: Supported (4) Data Throughput: 214 Mbps (5) Address Assignment: 4x IPv4 addresses & port numbers ii) ASI (1) Connectors: 1x BNC (front and rear) (2) Output Assignment: Any 1 of 4 MPTS output streams per connector (3) Format: DVB-ASI (4) Standard: ETSI EN 50083-9 c) Video i) No. of progs per ASI input: 20 max ii) No. of progs in GigE output: 20 max iii) No. of MPTS: 4 max iv) No. of PID per prog: 10 per SPTS including PAT, PMT, PSIP v) PID Management: Editing/re-mapping allowed vi) PAT: Supported vii) PMT: Supported viii) VCT: Supported ix) MGT: Supported


d) Audio i) Output Format: Dolby® Digital AC3, MPEG-1 Layer 2, AAC ii) Audio Services per prog: 3 maxe) Size (W x D x H) 19.0 x 16.875 x 1.625 in.f) Power: 115 o 230 VAC/ 50 to 60 Hzg) Power Dissipation: 17W


118


MUX-2D-QAM (See page: 25 )

The 8VSB/QAM multiplexer shall accept two digital channels received in either 8VSB or QAM format and provide a single QAM output channel for delivery over a standard coaxial distribution network. It shall provide the capability to filter program streams and to assign major/minor or a single 4-digit channel number to each program.

It shall also be Emergency Alert System (EAS) compliant, providing program switching to an EAS (ASI) message when triggered on its terminal strip contacts. The 8VSB/QAM multiplexer shall have an EAS (ASI) output, enabling the input source to be shared across multiple units without the need for external splitting and amplification by looping them all together. The 8VSB/QAM Multiplexer shall be equal to Blonder Tongue MUX-2D-QAM and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) Input i) Connectors: (1) 8VSB/QAM: 2x "F" Female (2) EAS: 1x BNC Female ii) 8VSB Mode: (1) Standard: ATSC Digital Television A/53E (2) Tuning Range: UHF (Ch. 14-69) (3) Data Rate: 19.392 Mbps (4) Bandwidth: 6 MHz (5) Impedance: 75 Ω iii) QAM Mode: (1) Standard: ITU-T J.83 (2) Tuning Range: CATV Ch. 2-135 (3) Data Rate: 38.8 Mbps (4) Bandwidth: 6 MHz (5) Impedance: 75 Ω iv) Emergency Alert System: (1) Standard: DVB-ASI; EN 50083-9 (2) Transport Rate: Single prog. at 3 Mbps (3) Level Range: 720 to 950 mVpp (4) Impedance: 75 Ω

:

b) Output i) GigE (1) Connectors: 1x "F" Female (2) QAM Modulation Modes: 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512 and 1024 (3) DVB Symbol Rate: Variable; 1 to 7 Msymbols/sec (4) Frequency Range: 54 to 864 MHz (5) QAM Tuning: CATV Ch. 2-135 (6) RF Level Adjustment Range: 35 to 45 dBmV (7) Phase Noise: -98 dBc (@10 kHz) (8) Spurious: -60 dBc (9) Broadband Noise: -75 dBC (10) Impedance: 75 Ω (11) SNR: Greater than 40 dB (12) MER: Greater than 40 dB (13) EAS Looped Output (i) Connector: 1x BNC Female (ii) Standard: ASI (iii) Trigger Mechanism: 5-12 VDC

c) General (1) Dimensions (W x D x H): 19.0 x 14.3 x 1.75 inches (2) Power: 105 to 240 VAC/ 50 to 60 Hz (3) Power Dissipation: 36 W

119


PS-1526 (See pages: 19, 21, 23, 25 )

The indoor power supply for powering pre-amplifiers shall be a combination of power supply and power inserter. The unit shall be capable of wall mounting and contain an auxiliary AC outlet. The power supply shall insert –21 VDC on to one coaxial cable, and shall have a fused input to protect the connected electronics. The power supplies shall be equal to Blonder Tongue PS-1526, and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

PS-1536 (See pages: 19, 21, 23, 25 )

The indoor power supply for powering pre-amplifiers shall be a combination of power supply and power inserter. The unit shall be capable of wall mounting and contain an auxiliary AC outlet. The power supply shall insert –21 VDC on to two coaxial cables, and shall have a fused input to protect the connected electronics. The power supplies shall be equal to Blonder Tongue PS-1536, and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:


a) Insertion Loss: i) 10 to 300 MHz: 0.3 dB Maximum ii) 470 to 806 MHz: 0.5 dB Maximumb) Return Loss: i) 10 to 300 MHz: 26 dB Minimum ii) 470 to 806 MHz: 22 dB Minimumc) Impedance: 75 Ωd) Output Voltage: -21 VDC

e) Current at 105 VAC: 40 mAe) Isolation i) Adjacent Ports: 25 dB Minimum ii) Non-Adjacent Ports: >40 dBf) Insertion Loss: 20 dB Maximum

a) Insertion Loss: i) 10 to 300 MHz: 0.2 dB Maximum ii) 470 to 806 MHz: 0.2 dB Maximumb) Return Loss: 20 dB Minimumc) Isolation: 35 dB Minimum

d) Impedance: 75 Ωe) Output Voltage: -21 VDCf) Current at 105 VAC: 100 mA


120

QTM (See page: 15 )

The QAM Transcoder shall consist of a scalable modular design that allows from one to eight transcoder module units as well as a single combination power supply & control module to be housed in a 3RU rack chassis. The transcoder modules are to be compatible with DVB satellite signals (ITU-T J.83 Annex A) from EchoStar’s DISH Network™ & Bell Canada’s ExpressVu as well as DigiCipher® II satellite signals (ITU-T J.83 Annex B) from Comcast Media Center’s and Shaw Broadcast Service’s HITS QT and QT Plus programs. Several module types are available to permit the recep-tion of QPSK based signals for SD (standard definition) and 8PSK based signals for HD (high definition) as well as Null Packet processing required for various transponders. The QAM transcoder module shall be equal to the Blonder Tongue QTM Series and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) Satellite QPSK/8PSK Input i) Input Frequency Range: Agile 950-2150 MHz ii) Bandwidth: up to 36 MHz iii) Frequency Step: 1 MHz iv) Capture Range: ±5 MHz v) Input Level Range: -65 to -20 dBm vi) FEC Decoding: DVB/DigiCipher® II vii) Symbol Rate: 2 to 45 Msps viii) Code Rate: Viterbi Auto Recognition

b) QAM Output i) Output Frequency Range: Agile 54-860 MHz (CATV 2-135) ii) QAM Bandwidth: Variable iii) Frequency Step: 6 MHz iv) Output Level: +40 dBmV (Average Measurement) v) Modulation Mode: 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512 & 1024 QAM (8PSK & 256 QAM Capable with QTM-HD) (8PSK & 512/1024 QAM capable with QTM-HD Plus) (8PSK, 256 QAM & Null Packeting with QTM-HD-NPU) vi) Symbol Rate: Variable rate QAM up to 12.5 Mbaud vii) QAM SNR: >40 dB viii) MER: 40-43 dB viii) Spurious: -60 dBc ix) Broadband Noise: -75 dBc min. (4 MHz BW @40 dBmV) x) Phase Noise @ 10 kHz: -90 dBc

c) Mechanical i) Chassis Dimensions (W x H x D): 5.25 x 19.0 x 12 inches ii) Dimensions (W x H x D): 5.25 x 10.625 x 1.5 inches iii) Power: 100 to 265 VAC, 1A


121



RMDA-550-30P (See pages: 9, 13, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 31, 33, 35, 37, 38, 41, 43, 47, 51, 53, 75, 77)

The headend launch amplifiers shall be housed in an industry standard 19” EIA rack mountable enclosure. The amplifiers shall employ power doubling hybrid circuitry for forward path amplification and be UL listed. The amplifiers shall be equal to Blonder Tongue RMDA-550-30P, and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

RMDA-750-30P (See pages: 9, 13, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 31, 33, 35, 37, 38, 41, 43, 47, 51, 53, 75, 77)


a) Forward Passband: 47 to 750 MHzb) Flatness: ±1.00 dBc) Gain: 31 dBd) Manual Gain Control Range: 15 dBe) Manual Slope Control Range: 10 dBf) Test Ports: i) Input: -20 ±2 dB ii) Output: -20 ±2 dBg) Return Loss: i) Input: 14 dB Minimum ii) Output: 14 dB Minimumh) Impedance: 75 Ωi) Noise Figure: 7.0 dB Maximum

j) Hum Modulation: -70 dBk) Number of Channels: 110l) Output Level: i) Lowest Channel: 36 dBmV ii) Highest Channel: 44 dBmVm) Composite Triple Beat Distortion -66 dBn) Cross Modulation: -67 dBo) Transformer AC input: 120 VAC, 60 Hzp) Operating Temperature: -20° C to 60° C

a) Forward Passband: 47 to 550 MHzb) Flatness: ±0.75 dBc) Gain: 33 dBd) Manual Gain Control Range: 15 dBe) Manual Slope Control Range: 10 dBf) Test Ports: i) Input: -20 ±2 dB ii) Output: -20 ±2 dBg) Return Loss: i) Input: 14 dB Minimum ii) Output: 14 dB Minimum


122

RMDA-860-30P (See pages: 9, 13, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 31, 33, 35, 37, 38, 41, 43, 47, 51, 53, 75, 76, 77)


RMDA-860-43P (See pages: 9, 13, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 31, 33, 35, 37, 38, 41, 43, 47, 51, 53, 75, 76, 77)





h) Impedance: 75 Ωi) Noise Figure: 8.5 dB Maximumj) Hum Modulation: -70 dBk) Number of Channels: 129l) Output Level: i) Lowest Channel: 36 dBmV ii) Highest Channel: 44 dBmVm) Composite Triple Beat Distortion: -61 dBn) Cross Modulation: -59 dBo) Transformer AC input: 120 VAC, 60 Hzp) Operating Temperature: -20° C to 60° C

123



RMDA-86A-30 (See pages: 35, 43, 75, 76, 77, 78 )

The distribution amplifiers shall be housed in an industry standard 19” EIA rack mountable enclosure. The amplifiers shall employ push pull hybrid circuitry for both forward and return path amplification. The amplifier shall be field selectable for either active or passive reverse path operation. The amplifier shall have optional plug-in equalizer and attenuator capability for input signal conditioning. The unit shall be powered via an external UL listed 26 VAC power supply. The amplifiers shall be equal to Blonder Tongue RMDA-86A-30, and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) Forward Passband: 54 to 860 MHzb) Return Passband: 5 to 40 MHzc) Flatness: ±1.00 dB (Fwd), ±0.5 dB (Rev) d) Gain: 32 dB (Fwd), 22 dB (Rev)e) Manual Gain Control Range: 10 dB (Fwd), 18 dB (Rev)f) Manual Slope Control Range: 8 dB (Fwd)i) Impedance: 75 Ωj) Noise Figure: 8.5 dB Maximum (Fwd), 6.0 dB (Rev)k) Hum Modulation: -70 dBl) Number of Channels (Fwd): 129m) Output Level (Fwd): i) Lowest Channel: 34 dBmV ii) Highest Channel: 42 dBmVn) Composite Triple Beat Distortion: -58 dBo) Cross Modulation: -58 dBp) Transformer AC input: 120 VAC, 60 Hzq) Operating Temperature: -20° C to 60° C

RPR-8 (See page: 87 )

The remote power reset unit shall be housed in a 1RU chassis and provide two independently switched AC receptacles. Switching can be done either manually or on a scheduled basis. The remote power reset unit shall be equal to Blonder Tongue RPR-8, and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) Operating Voltage: 120 VACb) Current Capacity: 15 A (total)c) Control Interface: Ethernet (RJ45) Depending on Modeld) Number of Controlled Outlets: 8e) Control: Via Standard Explorer Browserf) Sensing Features: Total Current, Ambient, Temperature

SCMA-Ub (See pages: 19, 21, 23, 25 )

The single channel, UHF preamplifiers shall be two piece construction to allow optimum placement of the amplifier in relation to the antenna. The amplifier shall be housed in a rugged, mast mount, die-cast housing and have a -20 dB backmatched test port. The single channel, UHF preamplifiers shall be equal to Blonder Tongue SCMA-Ub with power supply PS-1526 and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) Frequency Range: 450-806 MHzb) Gain: 24 dB Minimumc) Input Capability: -10.5 to +35 dBmV per channeld) Noise Figure: 2.5 dB Maximum


124


SMR-1600 (See page: 9 )

The indoor, 16 port satellite multiswitch shall be constructed in a rack mounted housing to ensure proper mounting in headend applications. The multiswitches should have dedicated +13V and +18V input ports, and sixteen output ports. All connectors shall be type F. The 16 port satellite multiswitch shall be equal to Blonder Tongue SMR-1600 and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) Frequency Range: 950 to 2150 MHzb) Isolation: 20 dB Minimumc) Insertion Loss: 4 dB Maximum

SRT (See pages: 37, 38, 51, 53, 75, 76, 77, 85 )

The indoor, one port directional coupler shall be constructed in a die-cast housing with a soldered back plate to ensure high RFI shielding. The couplers should be of a ‘T’ style construction and the connectors on the unit shall be type F. The RFI shielding shall be at least 120 dB to prevent signal ingress or egress. The indoor, one port directional coupler shall be equal to Blonder Tongue SRT and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) Frequency Range: 5 to 1000 MHzb) Isolation Output to Tap: 18 dB Minimum across all tap valuesc) Tap Values Required: 30, 27, 24, 20, 16, 12, 9, 6, 4 dB

d) RFI Shielding: 120 dB Minimum

SRT-2A (See pages: 37, 38, 75, 76, 77, 85)

The indoor, two port directional coupler shall be constructed in a die-cast housing with a soldered back plate to ensure high RFI shielding. The couplers should be of a ‘L’ style construction and the connectors on the unit shall be type F. The RFI shielding shall be at least 120 dB to prevent signal ingress or egress. The indoor, two port directional coupler shall be equal to Blonder Tongue SRT-2A and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) Frequency Range: 5 to 1000 MHzb) Isolation: i) Output to Tap: 22 dB Minimum across all tap values ii) Tap to Tap: 22 dB Minimumc) Tap Values Required: 32, 29, 26, 23, 20, 17, 14, 11, 8, 4 dBd) RFI Shielding: 120 dB Minimum

SRT-4A (See pages: 37, 38 75, 76, 77, 85 )

The indoor, four port directional coupler shall be constructed in a die-cast housing with a soldered back plate to ensure high RFI shielding. The couplers should be of a ‘L’ style construction and the connectors on the unit shall be type F. The RFI shielding shall be at least 120 dB to prevent signal ingress or egress. The indoor, one port directional coupler shall be equal to Blonder Tongue SRT-4A and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) Frequency Range: 5 to 1000 MHzb) Isolation: i) Output to Tap: 24 dB Minimum across all tap values ii) Tap to Tap: 22 dB Minimumc) Tap Values Required: 35, 32, 29, 26, 23, 20, 17, 14, 11, 8 dBd) RFI Shielding: 120 dB Minimum

125



SRT-8A (See pages: 37, 38, 75, 76, 77, 85)

The indoor, eight port directional coupler shall be constructed in a die-cast housing with a soldered back plate to ensure high RFI shielding. The couplers should be of a ‘L’ style construction and the connectors on the unit shall be type F. The RFI shielding shall be at least 120 dB to prevent signal ingress or egress. The indoor, eight port directional coupler shall be equal to Blonder Tongue SRT-8A and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) Frequency Range: 5 to 1000 MHzb) Isolation: i) Output to Tap: 26 dB Minimum across all tap values i) Tap to Tap: 24 dB Minimumc) Tap Values Required: 35, 32, 29, 26, 23, 20, 17, 14, 11 dB

d) RFI Shielding: 120 dB Minimum

SXRS-2 (See pages: 51, 53, 75, 76 )

The indoor, two-way splitter shall be constructed in a die-cast housing with a soldered back plate to ensure high RFI shielding. The splitter should have an in-line connector orientation, and the connectors on the unit shall be type F. The RFI shielding shall be at least 120 dB to prevent signal ingress or egress. The indoor, two-way splitter shall be equal to Blonder Tongue SXRS-2 and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) Frequency Range: 5 to 1000 MHzb) Isolation: 22 dB Minimumc) Return Loss: 16 dB Minimumd) Insertion Loss: 4.2 dB Maximume) RFI Shielding: 120 dB Minimum

SXRS-3 (See pages: 75, 77 )

The indoor, three-way splitter shall be constructed in a die-cast housing with a soldered back plate to ensure high RFI shielding. The splitter should have an in-line connector orientation, and the connectors on the unit shall be type F. The RFI shielding shall be at least 120 dB to prevent signal ingress or egress. The indoor, three-way splitter shall be equal to Blonder Tongue SXRS-3 and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) Frequency Range: 5 to 1000 MHzb) Isolation: 21 dB Minimumc) Return Loss: 16 dB Minimumd) Insertion Loss: 6.8 dB Maximume) RFI Shielding: 120 dB Minimum

SXRS-4 (See pages: 25, 27, 31, 33, 63, 65, 75, 78)

The indoor, four-way splitter shall be constructed in a die-cast housing with a soldered back plate to ensure high RFI shielding. The splitter should have an in-line connector orientation, and the connectors on the unit shall be type F. The RFI shielding shall be at least 120 dB to prevent signal ingress or egress. The indoor, four-way splitter shall be equal to Blonder Tongue SXRS-4 and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) Frequency Range: 5 to 1000 MHzb) Isolation: 25 dB Minimumc) Return Loss: 18 dB Minimumd) Insertion Loss: 8 dB Maximum

e) RFI Shielding: 120 dB Minimum


126


SXRS-8 (See page: 75)

The indoor, eight-way splitter shall be constructed in a die-cast housing with a soldered back plate to ensure high RFI shielding. The splitter should have an ‘L-style’ connector orientation, and the connectors on the unit shall be type F. The RFI shielding shall be at least 120 dB to prevent signal ingress or egress. The indoor, eight-way splitter shall be equal to Blonder Tongue SXRS-8 and shall meet or exceed the following specifications:

a) Frequency Range: 5 to 1000 MHzb) Isolation: 22 dB Minimumc) Return Loss: 15 dB Minimumd) Insertion Loss: 12 dB Maximume) RFI Shielding: 120 dB Minimum

TF-GF-FT (See pages: 75, 76. 77, 78, 85)

The wall plate shall be designed to fit all standard single-gang electrical boxes. It shall have a “G/F” style feed thru connector mounted in the center of a steel cover plate. The cover plate shall be painted a textured ivory. The wall plate shall have high RFI shielding characteristics for CATV applications. The wall plate shall be equal to Blonder Tongue TF-GF-FT.

TVCB-PC (See page: 43 )

The TV channel blocker shall provide 40 channel blocking capability from channel 2 to 86 (54-600 MHz) with a passband up to 860 MHz. The blocker shall have push button controls and an LED display for setting the channels to be blocked. The blocker’s enclosure shall provide tamper protection on the RF connections and have provisions for locking to prevent unauthorized access. The channel blocker shall be equal to Blonder Tongue TVCB-PC and shall meet or exceed the following specifications.

a) Bandwidth: 54 to 860 MHz b) Nominal Gain: 1.5 dB c) Flatness: ±1.5 dB d) Return Loss: 16 dB e) Output Level (when input is 9 dBmV @54 MHz;

15 dBmV @ 600 MHz): i) 54 MHz: 10 dBmV ii) 600 MHz: 16 dBmV iii) 750 MHz: 17 dBmV iv) 860 MHz: 18 dBmV f) Distortions (@ 77 Channel Loading): i) CTB: -60 dBc ii) CSO: -60 dBc iii) Spurious: -60 dBc

iv) C/N: 59 dB

V-1GF-FT (See pages: 75, 76, 85)

The wall plate shall be designed to fit all standard electrical boxes. It shall have a “G/F” feed thru connector mounted on a steel back plate for mechanical strength. The wall plate shall have a duplex style plastic ivory filler plate and requires a standard duplex cover plate to finish it off. The wall plate shall have high RFI shielding characteristics for CATV applications. The wall plate shall be equal to Blonder Tongue V-1GF-FT.

g) Return Path Bandwidth: 5 to 40 MHz h) Return Path Gain: - 2 dB i) Number of Jamming Oscillators: 8 (54 - 600 MHz)j) RF Leakage: Complies with FCC Part 76, Sub part K k) Power Requirements Voltage: 37-95 VAC l) Current Consumption @ 60 VAC IN: 200 mA m) Operating Temperature Range: -40° to +60° C n) Relative Humidity: 5-100 % o) Housing - Dimensions:

9.5 x 4.0 x 10.0 in., (L x H x W)p) Connectors: “F” Type, Female

127


EIA Standard Incremental Harmonic

Chan. Chan. Video Audio Video Audio Video AudioT7 none 7.0000 11.5000 NA NA NA NAT8 none 13.0000 17.5000 NA NA NA NAT9 none 19.0000 23.5000 NA NA NA NAT10 none 25.0000 29.5000 NA NA NA NAT11 none 31.0000 35.5000 NA NA NA NAT12 none 37.0000 41.5000 NA NA NA NAT13 none 43.0000 47.5000 NA NA NA NAT14 none 49.0000 53.5000 NA NA NA NA2 02 55.2500 59.7500 55 2625 59.7625 54.0027 58.50273 03 61.2500 65.7500 61.2625 65.7625 60.0030 64.50304 04 67.2500 71.7500 67.2625 71.7625 66.0033 70.5030

A8 01 NA N A 73.2625 77.7625 72.0036 76.50365 05 77.2500 81.7500 79.2625 83.7625 78.0039 82.50396 06 83.2500 87.7500 85.2625 89.7625 84.0042 88.5042

A5 95 91.2500 95.7500 91.2625 95.7625 90.0045 94.5045A4 96 97.2500 101.7500 97.2625 101.7625 96.0048 100.5048A3 97 103.2500 107.7500 103.2625 107.7625 102.0051 106.5051A2 98* 109.2750 113.7750 109.2750 113.7750 Cannot lock to combA1 99* 115.2750 119.7750 115.2750 119.7750 ref: refer to FCC regsA 14* 121.2625 125.7625 121.2625 125.7625 120.0060 124.5060B 15* 127.2625 131.7625 127.2625 131.7625 126.0063 130.5063C 16* 133.2625 137.7625 133.2625 137.7625 132.0066 136.5066D 17 139.2500 143.7500 139.2625 143.7625 138.0069 142.5069E 18 145.2500 149.7500 145.2625 149.7625 144.0072 148.5072F 19 151.2500 155.7500 151.2625 155.7625 150.0075 154.5075G 20 157.2500 161.7500 157.2625 161.7625 156.0078 160.5078H 21 163.2500 167.7500 163.2625 167.7625 162.0081 166.5081I 22 169.2500 173.7500 169.2625 173.7625 168.0084 172.50847 07 175.2500 179.7500 175.2625 179.7625 174.0087 178.50878 08 181.2500 185.7500 181.2625 185.7625 180.0090 184.50909 09 187.2500 191.7500 187.2625 191.7625 186.0093 190.509310 10 193.2500 197.7500 193.2625 197.7625 192.0096 196.509611 11 199.2500 203.7500 199.2625 203.7625 198.0099 202.509912 12 205.2500 209.7500 205.2625 209.762 204.0102 208.510213 13 211.2500 215.7500 211.2625 215.7625 210.0105 214.5105J 23 217.2500 221.7500 217.2625 221.7625 216.0108 220.5108K 24* 223.2500 227.7500 223.2625 227.7625 222.0111 226.5111L 25* 229.2625 233.7625 229.2625 233.7625 228.0114 232.5114

* Means aeronautical channels visual carrier frequency tolerance ± 5KHz

CATV Channels

Frequency Charts (CATV, Analog)


128


Chan. Chan. Video Audio Video Audio Video Audio

M 26* 235.2625 239.7625 235.2625 239.7625 234.0117 238.5117

N 27* 241.2625 245.7625 241.2625 245.7625 240.0120 244.5120

O 28* 247.2625 251.7625 247.2625 251.7625 246.0123 250.5123

P 29* 253.2625 257.7625 253.2625 257.7625 252.0126 256.5126

Q 30* 259.2625 263.7625 259.2625 263.7625 258.0129 262.5129

R 31* 265.2625 269.7625 265.2625 269.7625 264.0132 268.5132

S 32* 271.2625 275.7625 271.2625 275.7625 270.0135 274.5135

T 33* 277.2625 281.7625 277.2625 281.7625 276.0138 280.5138

U 34* 283.2625 287.7625 283.2625 287.7625 282.0141 286.5141

V 35* 289.2625 293.7625 289.2625 293.7625 288.0144 292.5144

W 36* 295.2625 299.7625 295.2625 299.7625 294.0147 298.5147

AA 37* 301.2625 305.7625 301.2625 305.7625 300.0150 304.5150

BB 38* 307.2625 311.7625 307.2625 311.7625 306.0153 310.5153

CC 39* 313.2625 317.7625 313.2625 317.7625 312.0156 316.5156

DD 40* 319.2625 323.7625 319.2625 323.7625 318.0159 322.5159

EE 41* 325.2625 329.7625 325.2625 329.7625 324.0162 328.5162

FF 42* 331.2750 335.7750 331.2750 335.7750 330.0165 334.5165

GG 43* 337.2625 341.7625 337.2625 341.7625 336.0168 340.5168

HH 44* 343.2625 347.7625 343.2625 347.7625 342.0168 346.5168

II 45* 349.2625 353.7625 349.2625 353.7625 348.0168 352.5168

JJ 46* 355.2625 359.7625 355.2625 359.7625 354.0168 358.5168

KK 47* 361.2625 365.7625 361.2625 365.7625 360.0168 364.5168

LL 48* 367.2625 371.7625 367.2625 371.7625 366.0168 370.5168

MM 49* 373.2625 377.7625 373.2625 377.7625 372.0168 376.5168

NN 50* 379.2625 383.7625 379.2625 383.7625 378.0168 382.5168

00 51* 385.2625 389.7625 385.2625 389.7625 384.0168 388.5168

PP 52* 391.2625 395.7625 391.2625 395.7625 390.0168 394.5168

QQ 53* 397.2625 401.7625 397.2625 401.7625 396.0168 400.5168

RR 54 403.2500 407.7500 403.2625 407.7625 402.0201 406.5201

SS 55 409.2500 413.7500 409.2625 413.7625 408.0204 412.5204

TT 56 415.2500 419.7500 415.2625 419.7625 414.0207 418.5207

UU 57 421.2500 425.7500 421.2625 425.7625 420.0210 424.5210

VV 58 427.2500 431.7500 427.2625 431.7625 426.0213 430.5213

WW 59 433.2500 437.7500 433.2625 437.7625 432.0216 436.5216

XX 60 439.2500 443.7500 439.2625 443.7625 438.0219 442.5219

YY 61 445.2500 449.7500 445.2625 449.7625 444.0222 448.5222

ZZ 62 451.2500 455.7500 451.2625 455.7625 450.0225 454.5225

AAA 63 457.2500 461.7500 457.2625 461.7625 456.0228 460.5228


CATV Channels


129



Chan. Chan. Video Audio Video Audio Video AudioBBB 64 463.2500 467.7500 463.2625 467.7625 462.0231 466.5231CCC 65 469.2500 473.7500 469.2625 473.7625 468.0234 472.5234DDD 66 475.2500 479.7500 475.2625 479.7625 474.0237 478.5237EEE 67 481.2500 485.7500 481.2625 485.7625 480.0240 484.5240FFF 68 487.2500 491.7500 487.2625 491.7625 486.0243 490.5243GGG 69 493.2500 497.7500 493.2625 497.7625 492.0246 496.5246HHH 70 499.2500 503.7500 499.2625 503.7625 498.0249 502.5249

III 71 505.2500 509.7500 505.2625 509.7625 504.0252 508.5252JJJ 72 511.2500 515.7500 511.2625 515.7625 510.0255 514.5255KKK 73 517.2500 521.7500 517.2625 521.7625 516.0258 520.5258LLL 74 523.2500 527.7500 523.2625 527.7625 522.0261 526.5261

MMM 75 529.2500 533.7500 529.2625 533.7625 528.0264 532.5264NNN 76 535.2500 539.7500 535.2625 539.7625 534.0267 538.5267000 77 541.2500 545.7500 541.2625 545.7625 540.0270 544.527CPPP 78 547.2500 551.7500 547.2625 551.7625 546.0273 550.5273

- 79 553.2500 557.7500 553.2625 557.7625 552.0276 556.5276- 80 559.2500 563.7500 559.2625 563.7625 558.0279 562.5279- 81 565.2500 569.7500 565.2625 569.7625 564.0282 568.5282- 82 571.2500 575.7500 571.2625 575.7625 570.0285 574.5285- 83 577.2500 581.7500 577.2625 581.7625 576.0288 580.5288- 84 583.2500 587.7500 583.2625 587.7625 582.0291 586.5291- 85 589.2500 593.7500 589.2625 593.7625 588.0294 592.5294- 86 595.2500 599.7500 595.2625 599.7625 594.0297 598.5297- 87 601.2500 605.7500 601.2625 605.7625 600.0300 604.5300- 88 607.2500 611.7500 607.2625 611.7625 606.0303 610.5303- 89 613.2500 617.7500 613.2625 617.7625 612.0306 616.5306- 90 619.2500 623.7500 619.2625 623.7625 618.0309 622.5309- 91 625.2500 629.7500 625.2625 629.7625 624.0312 628.5312- 92 631.2500 635.7500 631.2625 635.7625 630.0315 634.5315- 93 637.2500 641.7500 637.2625 641.7625 636.0318 640.5318- 94 643.2500 647.7500 643.2625 647.7625 642.0321 646.5321- 100 649.2500 653.7500 649.2625 653.7625 648.0324 652.5324- 101 655.2500 659.7500 655.2625 659.7625 654.0327 658.5327- 102 661.2500 665.7500 661.2625 665.7625 660.0330 664.5330- 103 667.2500 671.7500 667.2625 671.7625 666.0333 670.5333- 104 673.2500 677.7500 673.2625 677.7625 672.0336 676.5336- 105 679.2500 683.7500 679.2625 683.7625 678.0339 682.5339- 106 685.2500 689.7500 685.2625 689.7625 684.0342 688.5342


CATV Channels



130


Chan. Chan. Video Audio Video Audio Video Audio- 107 691.2500 695.7500 691.2625 695.7625 690.0345 694.5345- 108 697.2500 701.7500 697.2625 701.7625 696.0348 700.5348- 109 703.2500 707.7500 703.2625 707.7625 702.0351 706.5351- 110 709.2500 713.7500 709.2625 713.7625 708.0354 712.5354- 111 715.2500 719.7500 715.2625 719.7625 714.0357 718.5357- 112 721.2500 725.7500 721.2625 725.7625 720.0360 724.5360- 113 727.2500 731.7500 727.2625 731.7625 726.0363 730.5363- 114 733.2500 737.7500 733.2625 737.7625 732.0366 736.5366- 115 739.2500 743.7500 739.2625 743.7625 738.0369 742.5369- 116 745.2500 749.7500 745.2625 749.7625 744.0372 748.5372- 117 751.2500 755.7500 751.2625 755.7625 750.0375 754.5375- 118 757.2500 761.7500 757.2625 761.7625 756.0378 760.5378- 119 763.2500 767.7500 763.2625 767.7625 762.0381 766.5381- 120 769.2500 773.7500 769.2625 773.7625 768.0384 772.5384- 121 775.2500 779.7500 775.2625 779.7625 774.0387 778.5387- 122 781.2500 785.7500 781.2625 785.7625 780.0390 784.5390- 123 787.2500 791.7500 787.2625 791.7625 786.0393 790.5393- 124 793.2500 797.7500 793.2625 797.7625 792.0396 796.5396- 125 799.2500 803.7500 799.2625 803.7625 798.0399 802.5399- 126 805.2500 809.7500 805.2625 809.7625 804.0402 808.5402- 127 811.2500 815.7500 811.2625 815.7625 810.0405 814.5405- 128 817.2500 821.7500 817.2625 821.7625 816.0408 820.5408- 129 823.2500 827.7500 823.2625 827.7625 822.0411 826.5411- 130 829.2500 833.7500 829.2625 833.7625 828.0414 832.5414- 131 835.2500 839.7500 835.2625 839.7625 834.0417 838.5417- 132 841.2500 845.7500 841.2625 845.7625 840.0420 844.5420- 133 847.2500 851.7500 847.2625 851.7625 846.0423 850.5423- 134 853.2500 857.7500 853.2625 857.7625 852.0426 856.5426- 135 859.2500 863.7500 859.2625 863.7625 858.0429 862.5429- 136 865.2500 869.7500 865.2625 869.7625 864.0432 868.5432- 137 871.2500 875.7500 871.2625 875.7625 870.0435 874.5435- 138 877.2500 881.7500 877.2625 881.7625 876.0438 880.5438- 139 883.2500 887.7500 883.2625 887.7625 882.0441 886.5441- 140 889.2500 893.7500 889.2625 893.7625 888.0444 892.5444- 141 895.2500 899.7500 895.2625 899.7625 894.0447 898.5447- 142 901.2500 905.7500 901.2625 905.7625 900.0450 904.5450- 143 907.2500 911.7500 907.2625 911.7625 906.0453 910.5453

CATV Channels


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Chan. Chan. Video Audio Video Audio Video Audio- 144 913.2500 917.7500 913.2625 917.7625 912.0456 916.5456- 145 919.2500 923.7500 919.2625 923.7625 918.0459 922.5459- 146 925.2500 929.7500 925.2625 929.7625 924.0462 928.5462- 147 931.2500 935.7500 931.2625 935.7625 930.0465 934.5465- 148 937.2500 941.7500 937.2625 941.7625 936.0468 940.5468- 149 943.2500 947.7500 943.2625 947.7625 942.0471 946.547- 150 949.2500 953.7500 949.2625 953.7625 948.0474 952.5474- 151 955.2500 959.7500 955.2625 959.7625 954.0477 958.5477- 152 961.2500 965.7500 961.2625 965.7625 960.0480 964.5480- 153 967.2500 971.7500 967.2625 971.7625 966.0483 970.5483- 154 973.2500 977.7500 973.2625 977.7625 972.0486 976.5486- 155 979.2500 983.7500 979.2625 983.7625 978.0489 982.5489- 156 985.2500 989.7500 985.2625 989.7625 984.0492 988.5492- 157 991.2500 995.7500 991.2625 995.7625 990.0495 994.5495- 158 997.2500 1001.7500 997.2625 1001.7625 996.0498 1000.5498

CATV Channels



132

CATV, QAM Channel Center Frequency (54 MHz - 1000 MHz)

2 57 3 63 4 69 5 79 6 85 95 93 96 99 97 105 98 111 99 117 14 123 15 129 16 135 17 141 18 147 19 153 20 159 21 165 22 171 7 177 8 183 9 189 10 195 11 201 12 207 13 213 23 219 24 225 25 231 26 237 27 243 28 249 29 255 30 261 31 267 32 273 33 279 34 285 35 291 36 297 37 303 38 309 39 315 40 321 41 327

330 336 336 342 342 348 348 354 354 360 360 366 366 372 372 378 378 384 384 390 390 396 396 402 402 408 408 414 414 420 420 426 426 432 432 438 438 444 444 450 450 456 456 462 462 468 468 474 474 480 480 486 486 492 492 498 498 504 504 510 510 516 516 522 522 528 528 534 534 540 540 546 546 552 552 558 558 564 564 570 570 576 576 582 582 588 588 594 594 600

EIA CH.

MHz Center

Frequency

EIA CH.

Bandwith (MHz)

Bandwith (MHz)

MHz Center

Frequency

42 333 43 339 44 345 45 351 46 357 47 363 48 369 49 375 50 381 51 387 52 393 53 399 54 405 55 411 56 417 57 423 58 429 59 435 60 441 61 447 62 453 63 459 64 465 65 471 66 477 67 483 68 489 69 495 70 501 71 507 72 513 73 519 74 525 75 531 76 537 77 543 78 549 79 555 80 561 81 567 82 573 83 579 84 585 85 591 86 597

54 60 60 66 66 72 76 82 82 88 90 96 96 102 102 108 108 114 114 120 120 126 126 132 132 138 138 144 144 150 150 156 156 162 162 168 168 174 174 180 180 186 186 192 192 198 198 204 204 210 210 216 216 222 222 228 228 234 234 240 240 246 246 252 252 258 258 264 264 270 270 276 276 282 282 288 288 294 294 300 300 306 306 312 312 318 318 324 324 330

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Bandwith (MHz)

Bandwith (MHz)

EIA CH.

EIA CH.

MHz Center

Frequency

MHz Center

Frequency

87 603 88 609 89 615 90 621 91 627 92 633 93 639 94 645 100 651 101 657 102 663 103 669 104 675 105 681 106 687 107 693 108 699 109 705 110 711 111 717 112 723 113 729 114 735 115 741 116 747 117 753 118 759 119 765 120 771 121 777 122 783 123 789 124 795 125 801 126 807 127 813 128 819 129 825 130 831 131 837 132 843 133 849 134 855 135 861 136 867

137 873 138 879 139 885 140 891 141 897 142 903 143 909 144 915 145 921 146 927 147 933 148 939 149 945 150 951 151 957 152 963 153 969 154 975 155 981 156 987 157 993 158 999

600 606 606 612 612 618 618 624 624 630 630 636 636 642 642 648 648 654 654 660 660 666 666 672 672 678 678 684 684 690 690 696 696 702 702 708 708 714 714 720 720 726 726 732 732 738 738 744 744 750 750 756 756 762 762 768 768 774 774 780 780 786 786 792 792 798 798 804 804 810 810 816 816 822 822 828 828 834 834 840 840 846 846 852 852 858 858 864 864 870

870 876 876 882 882 888 888 894 894 900 900 906 906 912 912 918 918 924 924 930 930 936 936 942 942 948 948 954 954 960 960 966 966 972 972 978 978 984 984 990 990 996 996 1002

CATV, QAM Channel Center Frequency (54 MHz - 1000 MHz)


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Broadcast Channel Frequencies

DIGITAL DIGITAL

Broadcast Channel

Center Freq

(MHz)

Visual Carrier

Aural Carrier

Broadcast Channel

Center Freq

(MHz)

Visual Carrier

Aural Carrier

2 54 - 60 57 55.25 59.75 36 602 - 608 605 603.25 607.753 60 - 66 63 61.25 65.75 37 608 - 614 611 609.25 613.754 66 - 72 69 67.25 71.75 38 614 - 620 617 615.25 619.755 76 - 82 79 77.25 81.75 39 620 - 626 623 621.25 625.756 82 - 88 85 83.25 87.75 40 626 - 632 629 627.25 631.757 174 - 180 177 175.25 179.75 41 632 - 638 635 633.25 637.758 180 - 186 183 181.25 185.75 42 638 - 644 641 639.25 643.759 186 - 192 189 187.25 191.75 43 644 - 650 647 645.25 649.75

10 192 - 198 195 193.25 197.75 44 650 - 656 653 651.25 655.7511 198 - 204 201 199.25 203.75 45 656 - 662 659 657.25 661.7512 204 - 210 207 205.25 209.75 46 662 - 668 665 663.25 667.7513 210 - 216 213 211.25 215.75 47 668 - 674 671 669.25 673.7514 470 - 476 473 471.25 475.75 48 674 - 680 677 675.25 679.7515 476 - 482 479 477.25 481.75 49 680 - 686 683 681.25 685.7516 482 - 488 485 483.25 487.75 50 686 - 692 689 687.25 691.7517 488 - 494 491 489.25 493.75 51 692 - 698 695 693.25 697.7518 494 - 500 497 495.25 499.75 52 698 - 704 701 699.25 703.7519 500 - 506 503 501.25 505.75 53 704 - 710 707 705.25 709.7520 506 - 512 509 507.25 511.75 54 710 - 716 713 711.25 715.7521 512 - 518 515 513.25 517.75 55 716 - 722 719 717.25 721.7522 518 - 524 521 519.25 523.75 56 722 - 728 725 723.25 727.7523 524 - 530 527 525.25 529.75 57 728 - 734 731 729.25 733.7524 530 - 536 533 531.25 535.75 58 734 - 740 737 735.25 739.7525 536 - 542 539 537.25 541.75 59 740 - 746 743 741.25 745.7526 542 - 548 545 543.25 547.75 60 746 - 752 749 747.25 751.7527 548 - 554 551 549.25 553.75 61 752 - 758 755 753.25 757.7528 554 - 560 557 555.25 559.75 62 758 - 764 761 759.25 763.7529 560 - 566 563 561.25 565.75 63 764 - 770 767 765.25 769.7530 566 - 572 569 567.25 571.75 64 770 - 776 773 771.25 775.7531 572 - 578 575 573.25 577.75 65 776 - 782 779 777.25 781.7532 578 - 584 581 579.25 583.75 66 782 - 788 785 783.25 787.7533 584 - 590 587 585.25 589.75 67 788 - 794 791 789.25 793.7534 590 - 596 593 591.25 595.75 68 794 - 800 797 795.25 799.7535 596 - 602 599 597.25 601.75 69 800 - 806 803 801.25 805.75

UHF Channels 52-69 are no longer licensed for broadcast TV.

BW (MHz) BW (MHz)

ANALOG ANALOG

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8VSB

8VSB is the 8-level vestigial sideband modulation method adopted for terrestrial broadcast by the ATSC digital television standard in the United States, Canada, and other countries. The 6 MHz channel used for ATSC broadcasts carries 19.39 Mbit/s of usable data.

Absorption

In an optical fiber, loss of optical power resulting from conversion of that power into heat.

Absorption Losses

Losses caused by impurities, principally transition metals and neighboring elements (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni), and also by water as well as intrinsic material absorption.

AC Hum Modulation

See hum modulation.

Acceptance Angle

Half the vertex angle of that cone within which optical power may be coupled into bound modes of an optical waveguide.

Acceptance Cone

A cone whose included angle is equal to twice the acceptance angle.

Access ListList kept by routers to control access to or from the router for a number of services.

Active

Containing, or connected to and using, a source of energy.

Address Mask Bit combination used to describe which portion of an address refers to the network or subnet and which part refers to the host. mask.also subnet mask.

Administrative Distance

A rate of the trustworthiness of a routing information source. The higher the value, the lower the trustworthiness rating.

Aerial Cable

Cable suspended in the air on poles or other overhead structures. Usually implies the use of a "messenger strand" to which the cable is lashed for support.

Alternating Current (AC)

An electric current which continually varies in amount, and reverses its direction periodically. The plot of current vs. time is usually a sine wave.

AML (Amplitude Modulated Link)

A registered trademark for microwave equipment that is manufactured by Hughes Communications Products Co.

Ampere

Unit of electric current, or rate of flow of electricity. One coulomb per second. One volt impressed across a resistance of one ohm causes a current of one ampere to flow.

Amplification

The act of increasing the amplitude or strength of a signal.

Amplifier

A device that accepts a signal at it’s input and presents that same signal, without appreciable distortion, but at higher level amplitude, at its output. CATV amplifiers pass and amplify a relatively wide spectrum.

Amplifier Spacing

The spacing in transmission loss, expressed in decibels, between cascaded, or serially connected, amplifiers. Also sometimes used to denote the linear cable distance between amplifiers in a system.

Amplitude Modulation

A process whereby the amplitude of a single frequency carrier is varied in accordance with the instantaneous values of a modulating wave.

Analog Signal

A signal which is continually variable and not expressed by discrete states of amplitude, frequency, or phase.

Angle of Incidence

The angle between an incident ray and the normal to a reflecting or refracting surface.

Angstrom (A)

10-11 meters. Its use as a unit of optical wavelength has largely been supplanted in recent years by the nanometer (10-9 meter).

Anti-reflection Coating

A single or multiple layer of thin dielectric coating that reduces the reflectivity of an optical surface.

Antenna Gain

The ratio, expressed in decibels, of the signal level received or transmitted by an antenna, to the signal level received or transmitted by an isotropic antenna at that same location which is subject to the same power level.

APD (See Avalanche Photodiode)

Armored Cable

A cable having one or two layers of steel tapes or steel wires spirally applied to the sheath to provide mechanical protection.

Application Layer

Layer 7 of the OSI reference model. This layer provides services to application processes (such as electronic mail, file transfer, and terminal emulation). Provides user authentication.

CATV Terms & Definitions


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Asynchronous

Not synchronous.

ATSC (Advanced Television System Committee)

A digital television format standard that will replace the US analog NTSC television system by February 17, 2009. The high definition television standards defined by the ATSC produce wide screen 16:9 images up to 1920×1080 pixels in size, more than six times the display resolution of NTSC. In lieu of an HD broadcast, up to six standard-definition “virtual channels” can be broadcast over a 6 MHz TV station.

Attenuation

The decrease in signal strength along a conductor, cable, or optical fiber. In an optical fiber acting as a waveguide, it is caused by absorption and scattering. This parameter is usually measured in decibels per kilometer.

Attenuation-limited Operation

The condition prevailing when the received signal amplitude rather than distortion limits performance.

Attenuator

A device or network for reducing the amplitude of a signal without introducing distortion. May be fixed or variable, with the loss introduced expressed in decibels. Often called a pad.

AGC

Abbreviation for Automatic Gain Control. Units with this feature maintain a constant output level when the input signal level varies within a specified AGC range.

Agile (Frequency Agile)

The capability to change channels quickly and easily, usually by setting switches, i.e. agile modulator, agile processor.

Amplifier

Device used to increase strength of TV signals.

Attenuation

Reduction of signal strength.

Attenuator

Device used to receive radiated electro-magnetic signals such as radio or TV.

Atmosphere

The gaseous envelope surrounding the Earth, composed of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0.9% argon, plus some carbon dioxide and water vapor. The atmosphere is divided into several layers, as follows:

Troposphere: 0-10 miles Stratosphere: 10-50 miles Ionosphere: 50-370 miles Exosphere: 370 + miles

Automatic Gain Control (AGC)

A feature of some amplifiers and radio receivers which provides a substantially constant output even though the signal input varies over wide limits.

Automatic Level Control (ALC)

See Automatic gain control.

Automatic Slope Control (ASC)

A circuit that controls the slope of an amplifier automatically. See Slope.

Avalanche Effect

The cumulative multiplication of carriers in a semiconductor caused by an electric field across the barrier region strong enough so that electrons collide with valence electrons, releasing new electrons which have more collisions, which release more electrons, etc.

Avalanche Photodiode (APD)

A photodiode designed to take advantage of avalanche multiplication of photo-current. As the reverse-bias voltage approaches the breakdown voltage, hole-electron pairs created by absorbed photons acquire sufficient energy to create additional hole-electron pairs when they collide with substrate atoms; thus a multiplication effect is achieved. Amplification is almost noiseless, and this makes APD's 10 to 15 dB more sensitive than PIN photodiodes. The problems with APD's are: temperature sensitivity, high reverse bias voltages (200 to 400 V to achieve current multiplication of 100), and prices higher than PIN photodiodes.

Axial Mode

See longitudinal mode.

Axial Ray

A ray passing through the axis of the optical waveguide without any internal reflection.

Azimuth

Degrees clockwise from true north. For a compass heading a correction for local magnetic deviation is required.

Azimuth-Elevation Mount

Two pivot system consisting of separate azimuth and elevation adjustments for aiming a satellite antenna.

Backscattering

The scattering of light in a direction generally reverse to the original one.

Balun

Acronym for Balanced- Unbalanced. Refers to a 75 ohm to 300 OHM impedance matching transformer.

Bandwidth

1. A range of frequencies (a portion of spectrum) defined by upper and lower frequency limits.


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2. The capacity of an optical fiber to transmit information expressed in bits of information transmitted in a specific time period for a specific length of optical waveguide. Usually expressed like 10 megabits/sec/km. Bandwidth is limited by pulse spreading or broadening due to dispersion, so that adjacent pulses overlap and cannot be distinguished.

3. The range of frequencies within which a fiber optic waveguide or terminal device performs at a given specification.

Bandwidth-limited Operation

The condition prevailing when the system bandwidth, rather than the amplitude (or power) of the signal, limits performance. The condition is reached when the system distorts the shape of the wave form beyond specified limits. For linear systems, bandwidth- limited operation is equivalent to distortion -limited operation.

Beam Splitter

A device that divides an incident beam into two or more separate beams. Prisms, thin films, sheets of glass, and partially silvered mirrors can be used to split a beam.

Beat

1. To combine two carriers, so as to produce new sum and difference frequency carriers.

2. A carrier generated by two or more carriers which have been passed through a non-linear circuit.

Bel

The fundamental division of a logarithmic scale for expressing the ratio of two powers, which are in the ratio of one to ten. The Bel is an awkwardly large unit, so the "decibel" (one-tenth of a Bel) is used instead.

Bi-directional

Having equal effectiveness in two directions which are separated by 180 degrees in azimuth.

Bi-directional Transmission

Signal transmission in both directions along an optical waveguide or other transmission medium.

Binary

Having two possible states or values.

Binary Digit

One unit of information in binary (two-level) notation.

Binary State

Either of the two conditions of a bi-stable device, the 11 one" state or the "zero" state.

Bit

1. An electrical or light pulse whose presence or absence indicates data. The capacity of the optical waveguide to transmit information through the waveguide without error is expressed in bits per second per unit

length.

2. An acronym for "binary digit."

Bit-error Rate

In a digital communications system, the fraction of bits transmitted that are received incorrectly. If BER is specified at 10(-9) (a typical value), then an average of one bit per one billion sent will be read wrong by the receiver.

Bit Rate

The speed at which digital information is transmitted, usually expressed in bits per second.

Block Size

Number of hosts that can be used in a subnet. Block sizes typically can be used in increments of 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128.

Bridge

A device for connecting two segments of a network using identical protocols

to communicate and transmitting packets between them. Operates at the

Data Link layer, layer 2 of the OSI model. The purpose of the bridge is to filter,

send or flood any incoming frame, based on MAC address of that particular

frame.

Bridger Amplifier

An amplifier introduced into a system to transition from low transmission levels in the trunk sub-system, to higher transmission levels in the feeder sub-system, of a trunk plus feeder designed CATV system. Also used to provide signal feed points to feeder cables from trunk cables.

Brightness

An attribute of visual perception in accordance with which a source appears to emit more or less light; since the eye is not equally sensitive to all colors, brightness cannot be a quantitative measure.

Broadband Radio Service (BRS)

Formerly known as MDS (Multi-point Distribution System) is a microwave service in the 2150-2162 MHz frequency range consisting of (2) 6 MHz channels used to deliver analog premium TV channel(s) to subscribers. These two channels are in a FCC transition process to be re-located to 2496-2502 MHz and 2618-2624 MHz. Advanced wireless services (AWS) will eventually occupy the former MDS spectrum.

Broadcast Address

Special address reserved for sending a message to all stations. Generally, a broadcast address is a MAC destination address of all ones.

Broadcast Domain

The set of all devices that will receive broadcast frames originating from any device within the set. Broadcast domains are typically bounded by routers because routers do not forward broadcast frames.

Buffer

1. A device used as an interface between two circuits or pieces of equipment to reconcile their incompatibilities or to prevent variations in one from affecting the other.



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2. A circuit used for transferring data from one unit to another when temporary storage is required because of different operating speeds or times of occurrence of events.

Buffer Tube

An element that may be used to protect an optical fiber waveguide from physical damage, providing mechanical isolation and protection.

Buried Cable

A cable installed directly in the earth without the use of underground conduits.

Cabling

1. The act of twisting together two or more wires, pairs, or pair groups by machine to form a cable.

2. The act of installing distribution cable, particularly in a new area.

Cable Equalizer

Device used to counter the effects of cable slope. Can be a stand alone device or an optional plug-in module for an amplifier. dB values for equalizers can be specified in two ways. First and most common is to specify the equalizer dB value based upon the calculated high frequency loss of the cable run to be equalized. The second way is to specify the dB value relating to attenuation at 50 MHz as compared to upper frequency. Example: A 6 dB 450 MHz equalizer would have essentially 0 dB of insertion loss at 450 MHz and gradually increase to its rated 6 dB at 50 MHz.

Cable Loss

The reduction in signal level introduced by passing the signal (or signals) through a length of cable, expressed in decibels.

Carrier

A sinusoidal current which can be modulated with intelligence for communications purposes.

Carrier-to-Noise Ratio (C/N Ratio)

The difference in amplitude of a carrier, and the noise power that is present in that portion of spectrum occupied by the carrier. See Noise.

Carrier Frequency

1. The frequency of an un-modulated carrier wave.

2. Any of the frequencies, which are suitable for, use as carriers.

Carrier System

A method of transmitting electrical intelligence by modulating it onto a higher frequency carrier wave, and then, at the receiving end, recovering the original intelligence by the reverse process of demodulation. Useful because many channels of intelligence can be modulated on one carrier wave on a single transmission channel.

Carrier to Noise Ratio (CNR)

Ratio of carrier level to noise level measured in decibels. In TVRO systems it is calculated from satellite power, antenna gain, and antenna/LNB noise

temperatures.

Carrier Transmission

A means of transmitting information electrically in which the transmitted wave is a wave resulting from the modulation of a single- frequency sinusoidal wave by a complex modulating wave.

Carrier Wave

The sinusoidal single-frequency wave which is modulated by a complex intelligence wave (called the modulating wave) to obtain a modulated wave capable of carrying much intelligence over a single channel.

Cascade

Term used when referring to amplifiers serially connected.

CATV

Community Antenna Television.

Cavity

The volume (resonator) which provides feedback for laser oscillations. The most common configuration consists of an active medium between two plane or curved mirrors, called cavity mirrors or end mirrors.

C-Band

Range of microwave frequencies typically used in satellite uplink 5.9 to 6/4 GHz, downlink 3.7 to 4.2 GHz.

CCTV

Closed-Circuit Television. Television intended for controlled distribution usually through cables.

Cherry Picker

Type of headend system where a desired limited number of channels are selected from a CATV feed, rather than distributing all of the available CATV channels. This system is common in schools since it allows educators to distribute only those channels deemed accomplished with heterodyne signal processors.

CIDR

CIDR allows routers to group routes together in order to cut down on the quantity of routing information carried by the core routers. With CIDR, several IP networks appear to networks outside the group as a single, larger entity.

Circuit Reliability

The percentage of time a circuit was available to the user during a specified period of time.

Class A Network

Part of Internet Protocal hierarchical addressing scheme. Class A networks have only 8 bits for defining networks and 24 bits for defining hosts and subnets on each network.


139


Class B Network

Part of Internet Protocal hierarchical addressing scheme. Class B networks have 16 bits for defining networks and 16 bits for defining hosts and subnets on each network.

Class C Network

Part of Internet Protocal hierarchical addressing scheme. Class A networks have 24 bits for defining networks and 8 bits for defining hosts and subnets on each network.

Classful Routing

Routing protocols that do not send subnet mask information when a route update is sent.

Classless Routing

Routing protocols that send subnet mask information in the routing updates. Classless Routing allows Variable Length Subnet Mask (VLSM) and supernetting.

Cladding

The low refractive index material, which surrounds the core of the fiber and protects against surface contaminant scattering. In all-glass fibers the cladding is glass. In plastic-clad silica fibers, the plastic cladding also may serve as the coating.

Coaxial Cable

Two metallic conductors separated by a dielectric material, which share the same axis.

Collimation

The process by which a divergent or convergent beam of radiation is converted into a beam with the minimum divergence possible for that system (ideally, a parallel bundle of rays).

Combiner

Device, which permits combining of several signals into one output with a high degree of isolation between, inputs. Usually used for combining outputs of processors and modulators. Combiners can be “passive” (non-amplified output) or “active” (amplified output) with typically 8 or 12 input ports.

Community

In SNMP, a logical group of managed devices and NMSs in the same administrative domain.

Community String

Text string that acts as a password and is used to authenticate messages sent between a management station and a router containing a SNMP agent. The community string is sent in every packet between the manager and the agent.

Composite Triple Beat (CTB)

Spurious carriers that are generated by the sum and difference products of any three carriers present, as many carriers are passed through a nonlinear circuit or device. Composite triple beat is calculated as a voltage addition.

Conduit

A pipe or tube, of tile, asbestos-cement, plastic or steel, which is placed underground to form ducts through which cables can be passed.

Connector

A reusable device for making temporary junctions between two optical fibers.

Connectionless

Data transfer without the existence of a virtual circuit. It has low overhead, uses best-effort delivery and is not reliable.

Connection-Oriented

Data transfer method that sets up a virtual circuit before any data is transferred. Uses acknowledgement and flow control for reliable data transfer.

Console

In SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol), a software program that has the capability of interacting with an agent, including examining or changing the values of the data objects in the agent's Management Information Base (MIB).

CONUS

Contiguous United States (48 states)

Converter

A circuit or device that changes the frequency of a carrier by heterodyning it against a locally generated carrier. See Heterodyne.

Converter, Set Top

See Converter, subscribers.

Converter, Subscribers

A unit or device that changes the frequency of carriers delivered at a subscriber's premises from a CATV system, to a carrier (or carriers) that can be tuned, detected, and displayed by conventional television receivers at the subscriber's premises.

Core

The light conducting portion of an optical waveguide. It is composed of a high refractive index material made typically of silicon tetrachloride (SiC14). The addition of germanium tetrachloride (GeC14) increases the refractive index of the core and creates an index gradient along a waveguide.

Core Diameter

The diameter of the circle that circumscribes the core area.

Cross Modulation

Interference created by operating equipment beyond limitations. In TV broadband RF amplifiers it produces a “windshield wiper” interference on the screen. In severe cases video content from another channel can be seen.



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Couplers

In fiber optics, a device which links three or more fibers, providing two or more paths for the transmission signal. In an "active" coupler, a switching mechanism selects among several routes; in a "passive" coupler, routing is determined by the geometry of the device.

Cross-modulation (X-Mod)

Modulation (intelligence or information) that is superimposed onto a different modulated or un-modulated carrier, from another modulated carrier that is present, when both signals are passed through a nonlinear circuit.

Cycle

One complete sequence of values of an alternating wave starting at zero, increasing to a maximum positive value, decreasing to zero, increasing to a maximum negative value, and decreasing to zero again. Also called a Hertz.

Data Link Layer

Layer 2 of the OSI reference model. This layer provides reliable transit of data across a physical link. The data link layer is concerned with physical addressing, network topology, line discipline, error notification, ordered delivery of frames, and flow control. The IEEE has divided this layer into two sublayers: The MAC sublayer and the LLC sublayer.

DBS

Direct Broadcast Satellite. Pending high power Ku-Band satellite service to provide programming directly to home subscribers via small diameter (3 feet or less) parabolic antennas.

Decibel (dB)

1. A logarithmic unit of measure expressing the ratio of two discrete levels, input and output for example, of power, voltage, or current. May be used to denote either loss (-dB) or gain (+dB). One cannot denote input or output signal level in dB, but one can denote gain or loss in dB.

2. The standard unit used to express gain or loss of power.

Decibel-millivolts (dBmV)

A logarithmic unit of measure of absolute power, voltage, or current. The dB denotes a ratio between two levels (see Decibel) but the qualifying term mV establishes one of the levels as a reference. Zero dBmV (0 dBmV) is one millivolt (0.001 or 10-1 volts) measured across a 75 Ω impedance. Since the impedance is specified and fixed (75 ohms), 0 dBmV is also a reference power level of 0.0133 microwatts. One cannot denote cable loss or amplifier gain in dBmV, but one can denote input or output signal levels in dBmV.

Decibel-milliwatt (dBm)

A unit of power. Decibels referenced to a unit of one milliwatt. Zero dBm = I mW.

Decibel-Watt (dBW)

A unit of power. Decibels referred to a unit of one watt. Zero dBW = I Watt.

Demodulator

Device that provides baseband audio and video outputs from a TV channel input.

Detect

To rectify a modulated carrier wave and thereby recover the original modulating wave.

Detection

The process by which a wave corresponding to the modulating wave is obtained from a modulated wave.

DHCP

A TCP/IP protocol that dynamically assigns an IP address to a computer. Dynamic addressing simplifies network administration because the software keeps track of IP addresses rather than requiring a network administrator to do so.

Dielectric

A nonconducting (insulating) material, such as glass.

Digital Signal

A signal which is expressed by discrete states. For example, the absence or presence of a voltage, the level of amplitude of a voltage, the duration of the presence of a voltage, etc. Information or intelligence to be transported may be assigned value or meaning by combinations of the discrete states of the signal using a code of pulses or digits.

Directional Coupler

A network or device that diverts a predetermined amount of its input signal to one of two outputs, with the remaining balance of the input energy being presented to a second Output.

Dichroic Filter

An optical filter designed to transmit light selectively according to wavelength (most often, a high-pass or low-pass filter.

Dichroic Mirror

A mirror designed to reflect light selectively according to wavelength.

Diffraction

The deviation of light rays from the paths predicted by geometrical optics.

Diffraction Grating

An array of fine, parallel, equally spaced reflecting or transmitting lines that mutually enhance the effects of diffraction to concentrate the diffracted light in a few directions determined by the spacing of the lines and the wavelength of the light.

Digital

Referring to the use of digits to formulate and solve problems, or to encode information.


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Digital Data

Any data which is expressed in digits. Usually implies the use of binary digits.

Digital Signal

A signal which is expressed by discrete states. For example, the absence or presence of a voltage, the level of amplitude of a voltage, the duration of the presence of a voltage, etc. Information or intelligence to be transported may be assigned value or meaning by combinations of the discrete states of the signal using a code of pulses or digits.

Diplexer

A device used to combine or separate two signals. A U/V band separator is one example of a diplexer.

Direct Pickup Interference (DPI)

Interference displayed as a leading ghost (left of the main image) on a TV. This occurs in “on-channel” installations in close proximity to the TV transmitters (generally within 10 miles).

Directional Coupler

Type of tap that has a designated input and output port besides the tap port(s). These devices exhibit high isolation between output and tap ports. Unlike resistive MATV (non-directional) tapoffs, care must be taken during installation for correct in/out connections.

Dish

A parabolic antenna used for satellite reception.

Dispersion

A term used to describe the chromatic or wavelength dependence of a parameter as opposed to the temporal dependence, which is referred to as distortion. The term is used, for example, to describe the process by which an electromagnetic signal is distorted because the various wavelength components of that signal have different propagation characteristics.

Domsat

Domestic Satellite System.

Downlink

Transmission from a satellite earthward. Can also refer to a TVRO receive station.

Double Window

An optical fiber having desirable transmittance characteristics in both the first and second window regions.

Dynamic Range

In a transmission system, the difference in decibels between the noise level of the system and its overload level.

Dynamic Routing

Routing that adjusts automatically to network topology or traffic changes.

Also called adaptive routing.

Echo

Reflected energy confined to only a portion of the spectrum which is occupied by the originating signal.

Educational Broadband Service (EBS)

(Formerly known as ITFS) Microwave Transmission in the frequency range of 2500 MHz to 2686 MHz.

Electronic

Describing devices, which depend upon the flow of electrons in vacuum or in semiconductors, such as electron tubes, transistors, etc.

Electron Volt

The amount of energy gained by one electron in passing from a point to another point which is one volt higher in potential.

Electromagnetic Wave

A wave capable of propagating energy through space at the speed of light, consisting of electric and magnetic fields at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation. Depending upon its frequency it may be known as a radio wave, a light wave, or a x-ray, etc.

ETV

Educational Television.

Equalize

To apply to a transmission facility a network, whose characteristics are complementary, such that the loss or delay in the facility and in the equalizing network combined, make the overall loss or delay almost the same for all frequencies passed through the facility or network.

Equalizer

A network designed to compensate for an undesired frquency or delay characteristic of a system or device.

Equalizer, Cable

A network designed to compensate for the frequency/loss characteristics of a cable, so as to permit the system to pass all frequencies in a uniform manner.

Ethernet

A specification for a transmission system including Layers 1 and2 of the



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OSI 7-layer model using the CSMA/CD access method and operates over various types of cables at 10 Mbps. In common usage, "Ethernet" refers to both the DIX (DEC - Intel - Xerox) version of this specification or to the IEEE version, moreformally known as "802.3".

FCC

Federal Communications Commission. Regulatory agency that sets communication standards in the US.

FCC Docket 21006

An FCC ruling which set forth frequency off-sets on certain CATV channels to minimize potential interference to aeronautical communications.

Feeder

A sub-system within a trunk plus feeder designed CATV system, which provides complete distribution of signals to subscribers within a limited section of the CATV service area.

FET Photodetector

A photodetector employing photo-generation of carriers in the channel region of a Field Effect Transistor structure to provide photo-detection with current gain.

Filter

Device used to reject or pass a specified frequency or range of frequencies. Some examples are band-pass filters, notch filters, channel elimination filter, low & high pass filters.

FirewallRouter or access server, or several routers or access servers, designated as a buffer between any connected public networks and a private network. A firewall router uses access lists and other methods to ensure the security of the private network.

FM

Frequency Modulation. Usually means stations in the 88-108 MHz band.

Footprint

The anticipated EIRP levels of a given satellite displayed upon a map. Used to determine required antenna gain at a particular TVRO site.

Forbidden Conversion

Term used when referring to a particular UHF to VHF or VHF to VHF channel conversion that cannot be performed due to interferences that

occur internal to the unit.

Frame

In data networks, the information packet and all of the preceding and succeeding signals necessary (flag bytes, preambles, frame checks, abort sequences, etc.) to convey it along the data link

Frequency Coordination

A computerized service using a database to resolve existing or potential

conflicts between users of microwave frequencies.

Frequency Reuse

A technique in which independent information is transmitted on horizontal and vertical polarization’s to reuse a given band of frequencies.

FSM

Field Strength Meter. A test instrument for measuring RF signals.

Fusion Splicer

An instrument which permanently joins two optical fibers by welding their cores together with a brief electric arc.

Gain

An increase in power produced by an amplifier and expressed in decibels. See Amplifier.

Gain Control

A device on amplifiers to adjust the gain.

Gain Module

A mechanical sub-assembly within an amplifier housing which produces gain.

Gain, Usable

The gain presented for use between the input and output connections of an amplifier housing. Since several accessory items may be included inside the housing, but external to the gain module, such as pads, equalizers, two-way filters, etc., the gain provided by the gain module itself will generally be somewhat higher than the usable gain actually available between the housing cable connections.

Gallium Aluminum Arsenide (GaAlAs)

The compound used to make most semiconductor lasers that operate at 800 to 900 nanometers in wavelength.

Gateway

A TCP/IP router that routes packets between different network numbers.

Get

In SNMP, a command given by the Console to retrieve a single data structure from a MIB.

Giga

A prefix used to represent one billion or 101 or 1,000,000,000; abbreviated as G as in GHz, one billion cycles (Hertz) per second.

Gigacycle (Gc)

See Gigahertz.

Gigahertz (GHz)

One billion hertz. One billion cycles per second. See Hertz and Cycle.

Graded Index Fiber

An optical fiber which has a refractive index that gets progressively


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lower away from the center. This characteristic causes the light rays to be continually refocused by refraction in the core. A fiber type wherein the core refractive index decreases almost parabolically radially outward toward the cladding. This type of fiber combines high-bandwidth capacity with moderately high coupling efficiency.

G/T

Figure of merit of a TVRO system relating to gain divided by noise temperature expressed in dB/K.

Ghost

Single or multiple images on a TV screen. Causes can be multi-path reflections in the receiving path of an antenna, Direct Pick-Up interference (DPI, or impedance mismatches.

Guard Band

A portion of spectrum left vacant and not utilized between two carriers or bands of carriers, to provide a margin of safety against mutual interference.

Guided Wave

A wave which is concentrated between materials having different properties, and is propagated within those boundaries.

Hard Line Cable

Semi-rigid coaxial cable consisting of a solid tubular aluminum outer shield used in CATV trunk and feeder applications. Typical sizes range from .412” OD to 1.0” OD.

Headend (HE)

The equipment where all signals are received, processed and combined prior to distribution.

Hertz (Hz)

Frequency of periodic oscillations, expressed in cycles per second.

Heterodyne

The process of mixing (beating) two frequencies together to generate frequencies of their sum and difference. This process is used for channel conversion.

1. Combining two carriers to generate a new carrier which may be either the sum or difference addition of the original frequencies.

2. To shift a carrier frequency to a new frequency by combining it with another carrier which is locally generated.

Heterodyne Signal Processor

A unit employed in CATV systems to convert a carrier frequency to an intermediate frequency (IF). The intermediate frequency carrier may then be filtered, regulated, or otherwise conditioned, and then heterodyned back to either the original carrier frequency, or to a completely new carrier frequency.

Highband

The radio spectrum between 174 and 216 megahertz (MHz). Standard television channels 7 through 13 fall within this spectrum.

High-Split

Two-way cable communication frequency plan, where the diplex filter’s cross-over frequency is in the high-band. Consists of an incoming frequency range of 7-186 MHz and an out-going of 222-450 MHz.

Home Run Cabling

Wiring method where each subscriber is fed via a dedicated drop cable.

Horsepower

A unit of mechanical power equivalent to 550 foot-pounds per second, or to 745.7 Watts.

HRC

Harmonically Related Carriers. Frequencies plan used by some CATV companies which provides for lower perceived distortion levels in cascaded amplifiers. HRC channels assignments with the exception of channels 5 and 6 (.75 MHz higher than standard).

Hub

A common connection point for computers and devices in a network that takes an incoming signal and repeats it on all other ports.

Hum Modulation

Undesired low frequency modulation of a carrier at the frequency of the source of the interference, or a harmonic of that frequency, usually 60 Hz or 120 Hz, for example.

Hybrid System

In Cable Television systems, this refers to a system that incorporates lightwave transmission on optical fibers for a part of the system, and extends the plant on RF broadband coaxial cables for distribution and connection to subscribers.

Hydroxylion Absorption

Absorption of optical power in optical fiber due to hydroxyl (OH) ions. This absorption has to be minimized for low fiber loss.

Hyperband

CATV channels AA thru YY (numeric equivalents -37 thru 61) falling in the frequency range of 300 to 450 MHz.

IDF

Short for intermediate distribution frame, a cable rack that interconnects and manages the telecommunications wiring between an MDF and workstation devices. Cables entering a building run through a centralized MDF, then each individual IDF and then on to specific workstations. For example, an enterprise that encompasses a building with several floors may



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have one MDF on the first floor and one IDF on each of the floors that is connected to the MDF.

Index Matching Material

A material, often a liquid or cement, whose refractive index is nearly equal to an optical element index. Material with an index nearly equal to that of an optical fiber's core is used in splicing and coupling to reduce reflections from the fiber end face.

Index Profile

A characteristic of an optical fiber which describes the way its index of refraction changes with its radius.

Impedance

Circuit characteristic voltage divided by current. TV distribution has standardized on 75 ohm and 300 ohm.

Insertion Loss

The loss introduced into a cable or system by the Insertion of a device or network expressed in decibels. See Loss.

Instructional Television Fixed Service (ITFS)

ITFS is a microwave transmission in the frequency range of 2500-2686 MHz used by educational entities for distributing programming employing analog TV transmissions. This band was also referred to as MMDS and was used by wireless cable operators. The FCC has since re-designated this band as BRS (Broadband Radio Service) and EBS (Educational Broadband Service) and has established provisions for digital transmissions.

Interference

Noise or other disturbances such as spurious signals that, when introduced to a desired signal, reduce the intelligibility of the information carried on that signal.

Intermodulation Distortion

The distortion introduced when several or many carriers are passed through a nonlinear circuit. This includes the spurious signals (beats) produced as sum and difference additions of the carriers present, and the transfer or superimposition of modulating information from one carrier to another.

Infrared

Electromagnetic radiation with wavelength between 0.7 micrometer and about I millimeter. Wavelengths at the shorter end of this range are frequently called "near" infrared, and those longer than about 20 micrometers, "far" infrared.

Intrinsic Noise

See Noise, intrinsic.

IP Address:

A 32-bit address assigned to hosts using the TCP/IP protocol. Each computer/device on the public internet has a unique IP address. An

example of an IP address is 192.168.1.

IP Multicast

Routing technique that allows IP traffic to be propagated from one source to a number of destinations or from many sources to many destinations. Rather than sending one packet to each destination, one packet is sent to a multicast group identified by a single IP destination group address.

Isolation

Electrical separation (or loss) between two locations or pieces of equipment. Degree of isolation usually specified in dB.

Jacket

A layer of material, generally plastic, that surrounds an optical fiber to protect it from physical damage. Unlike the cladding, the jacket is physically distinct from the fiber core.

Joule

An international unit of work or energy. The work required to maintain a current of one ampere through one ohm for one second. A Watt-second.

Kilo

A prefix for one thousand (1,000 or 101).

Kilobit

One thousand bits.

Kilocycle (Kc)

See Kilohertz.

Kilohertz (kHz)

1. One thousand hertz.

2. One thousand cycles per second.

Ku Band

Range of frequencies used in satellite transmissions. Common uplink frequency for U.S. domestic satellites is 14 to 14.5 GHz with a downlink frequency of 11.7 to 12.2 GHz.

LAN

A communication infrastructure that supports data and resource sharing within a small area (<2 km diameter) that is completely contained on the premises of a single owner.

Laser

Acronym for "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation." A device which generates or amplifies electromagnetic oscillations at wavelengths between the far infrared (sub-millimeter) and ultraviolet. Like any electromagnetic oscillator, a laser oscillator consists of two basic elements: an amplifying (active) medium and a regeneration or feedback device (resonant cavity). A laser's amplifying medium can be a gas, semiconductor, dye solution, etc. Feedback is typically from two mirrors. Distinctive properties of the electromagnetic oscillations produced include monochromaticity, high intensity, small beam divergence, and phase coherence. As a description of a device, "laser" refers to the active


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medium plus all equipment necessary to produce the effect called lasing.

Lashed Cable

An aerial cable fastened to its supporting messenger by a continuous spirally wrapped steel wire.

Light Emitting Diode (LED)

Acronym for light emitting diode.

Lightguide

Synonym for optical waveguide.

Light Source

A generic term that includes lasers and LED's.

Lightwave

Any electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength in the Range from 800 to 1,600 nanometers in the near infrared region.

Linear

The characteristic of a device or network whose output signal voltage is directly proportional to its input signal voltage.

Line Extender

An unsophisticated amplifier operating at relatively high transmission levels in the feeder sub-system of a trunk plus feeder designed CATV system.

LNA

Low Noise Amplifier. Provides initial amplification of downlink signal at antenna location.

LNB

Low Noise Block (converter). Integrated LNA and down converter. Available in either C or Ku band inputs. The most prevalent output frequency scheme is 950-1450 MHz, however other schemes that have been used include 900-1400, 1000-1500 and 270-770 MHz.

Local Origination

Channels that are generated on site, such as those that are derived from character generators, laser disks, or VCR’s in the headend.

Long Wavelength

As applied to fiber optic systems, this term generally refers to operation at wavelengths in the range of 1,100 nanometers to 1,700 nanometers.

Look Angle

TVRO term that refers to both the azimuth and elevation angles required to sight or aim a dish to a given satellite.

Loss

Reduction in signal strength usually expressed in dB. Synonymous with attenuation.

Low Band

The radio spectrum between 54 and 88 MHz. Standard VHF television channels 2 through 6 fall within this spectrum.

Loss

Power dissipated in a device, cable, or network expressed in decibels. See attenuation.

Matching

Obtaining like impedances to provide a reflection free transfer of signal.

Matching Transformer

Device to transform signals from one impedance to another impedance. IN TV systems usually 75 ohm unbalanced to 300 ohm balanced. Also known as a balun.

MATV

Master Antenna Television.

MDF

Short for main distribution frame, a cable rack that interconnects and manages the telecommunications wiring between itself and any number of IDFs. Unlike an IDF, which connects internal lines to the MDF, the MDF connects private or public lines coming into a building with the internal network. For example, an enterprise that encompasses a building with several floors may have one centralized MDF on the first floor and one IDF on each of the floors that is connected to the MDF.

MDS

Is an acronym for Multipoint Distribution System. MDS is former line-of-sight microwave transmission consisting of two 6 MHz analog channels in the 2150-2162 MHz frequency range. It was typically used to provide premium programming on a subscription basis. The FCC has subsequently relocated this service to the BRS/EBS band. The 2150-2162 MHz band is now allocated for Advanced Wireless Services (AWS).

Mechanical Splice

A fiber splice accomplished by fixtures or materials, rather than by thermal fusion. Index matching material may be applied between the two fiber ends.

Media Retrieval

Type of headend system used in educational facilities that allows remote control of headend video playback equipment (VCR’s, laser disks, etc.) from the classrooms.

Mega-

A prefix for one million (1,000,000 or 101).

Megabit (mb)

One million bits.



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Megacycle (mc)

See Megahertz.

Megahertz (MHz)

One million hertz. One million cycles per second. See Hertz and Cycle.

Micro-

A prefix for one millionth (10-').

Micron

The unit used for specifying the wavelength of light, equal to one millionth of a meter.

Microwave

A term denoting radio waves which are in the electromagnetic spectrum at frequencies approximately 1,000 MHz and higher.

Mid-band

The radio spectrum between 88 and 174 MHz, which lies between standard VHF television, channels 6 and 7. CATV channels A through I (nine channels) fall within the mid-band spectrum.

Mid-Split

Two way cable communications frequency plan, where the diplex filter’s crossover frequency is in the mid-band. Consists of an incoming frequency range of 5-108 MHz and an out-going of 150-450 MHz.

Milli-

A prefix for one thousandth (10-1).

Milliwatt

One thousandth of a Watt.

Mixer

Device to combine signals while maintaining impedance.

MMDS

Abbreviation for Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service, also known as Wireless Cable. Over-the-air subscription service transmitted on MDS and ITFS frequencies now known as the BRS/EBS band.

Mode Field Diameter

A functional representation of the energy carrying region of the fiber. Also referred to as Spot size.

Modem

A single unit of equipment which combines the functions of modulator and demodulator. This is an economical arrangement, since the two circuits can use common elements.

Modulation

MER is a measure used to quantify the performance of a digital RF transmitter or receiver in a communications system using digital

modulation such as QAM or QPSK. It is caused by various system imperfections such as noise, low image rejection ratio, phase noise, carrier suppression, distortion, etc.

Modulation Error Rate (MER)

The process by which some characteristic of a wave such as amplitude, frequency, or phase is varied in accordance with a modulating wave. This term is also commonly used to refer to the information (intelligence) present on a modulated carrier.

Modulator

A device, which produces a TV channel from baseband audio/video, inputs.

Monochromatic

Consisting of a single wavelength or color. In practice, radiation is never perfectly monochromatic but, at best, displays a narrow band of wavelengths. Monomode optical waveguide Synonym for single mode optical waveguide.

MTS

Multiple Television Sound. Referred to as BTSC, system allows TV stereo sound transmission with a second audio program (SAP). Similar to FM stereo, composite baseband audio signal consists of L+R, L-R, and a 15,734 KHZ pilot carrier.

Multicast

Single packets copied by the network and sent to a specific subset of network addresses. These addresses are specified in the destination address field.

Multicast Group

Dynamically determined group of IP hosts identified by a single IP multicast address.DIX (DEC - Intel - Xerox) version of this specification or to the IEEE version, moreformally known as "802.3".

Multimode

Emission at several frequencies simultaneously, generally closely spaced, each frequency representing a different mode of laser oscillation in the resonant cavity. A term that describes optical waveguide that permits the propagation of more than one mode.

Multimode Fiber

A fiber that supports propagation of more than one mode of a given wavelength.

Multiplexer

A device which combines two or more optical signals onto one communications channel. The signals can be of different wavelengths (wavelength -division multiplexing) or can occupy different time slots (time-division multiplexing). Combination of information signals from several channels into one single optical channel for transmission.

Network Address

Network layer address referring to a logical, rather than a physical, network device. Also called a protocol address.


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Network Layer

Layer 3 of the OSI reference model. This layer provides connectivity and path selection between two end systems. The network layer is the layer at which routing occurs. Corresponds roughly with the path control layer of the SNA model.

Noise Figure (NF)

A measure of how much noise an active device, such as a TV amplifier, adds to the thermal noise level constant of –59 dbmv

Off Channel Processsing

Processing a channel on a frequency other than its’ received frequency. Example: Channel 40 UHF processed and distributed as Channel 5; Channel 4 processed and distributed as Channel 10.

OMT

Orthomode Transducer. A section of waveguide connected to the feed at the focal point of the TVRO antenna that separates horizontal and vertical polarities. An OMT is required for simultaneous reception of even and odd number transponders from a given satellite.

On Channel Processing

Processing a channel on its received frequency. Example: Channel 2 off air being processed and distributed as Channel 2.

Optical Detector

A transducer that generates an output electrical signal when irradiated with optical power.

Optical Fiber

Any filament or fiber, made of dielectric materials, that guides light, whether or not it is used to transmit signals.

Optical Link

Any optical transmission channel designed to connect two end terminals or to be connected in Series with other channels.

Optical Power

Colloquial synonym for radiant power.

Optical Spectrum

Generally, the electromagnetic spectrum within the wavelength region extending from the vacuum ultraviolet at 40 nm to the far infrared at I mm.

Optical Time-domain Reflectometer

An instrument which locates faults in an optical fiber by sending a short pulse of light through the fiber, then timing the arrival of backscattered signals, which originate at discontinuities in the fiber.

Opto-electronic

Pertaining to a device that responds to optical power, emits or modifies optical radiation, or utilizes optical radiation for its internal operation. Any device that functions as an electrical-to-optical or optical-to-electrical transducer.

Note: Photodiodes, LED's, injection lasers and integrated optical elements are examples of opto-electronic devices commonly used in optical waveguide communications.

Oscillator

A circuit generating an alternating current wave at some specific frequency.

Output Capability

Defines the relationship between the intermodulation distortion introduced, and the operating output signal levels of an amplifier, with the traffic loading of the device as a factor.

Output Power

Radiant power, expressed in Watts.

Pad

See Attenuator.

Paired Cable

Cable in which the conductors are combined in pairs, i.e.: two wires which are twisted about each other. Each wire of the pair has its distinctive color of insulation.

Parabolic Antenna

Consists of a round (parabolic) reflector, which focuses all received RF energy to a single point. Commonly referred to as a “dish.”

Passive

Describing a device which does not contribute energy to the signal it passes.

Phase Lock

The control of an oscillator such that its output signal maintains a constant phase angle relative to a second, reference signal.

Photodetector

Any device which detects light, generally producing an electronic signal with intensity proportional to that of the incident light.

Photodiode

A diode designed to produce photo-current by absorbing light. Photodiodes are used for the detection of optical power and for the conversion of optical power to electrical power.

Photon

A quantum of electromagnetic energy.

Pico-

A prefix denoting one millionth of a millionth; one trillionth (10-11). Pronounced "pie-ko."

Pigtail

A short length of optical fiber, permanently fixed to a component, used to couple lightwave power between it and the transmission fiber.

PIN Photodiode

A diode with a large intrinsic region sandwiched between p-doped and



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n-doped semiconducting regions. Photons absorbed in this region create electron-hole pairs that are then separated by an electric field, thus generating an electric current in a load circuit.

PING (Packet Internet Groper)

A command used to test connectivity to a device over a TCP/IP network.

Plant

A general term applied to any of the physical property of a service company, which contributes to the furnishing of power or communication services.

Polarization

A waveform characteristic of electromagnetic radiation. Two types of polarizations are used, linear (horizontal and vertical) and circular (right and left hand).

Power

Energy per unit of time.

Pre-Amplifier

Low noise amplifier usually mounted in close proximity to a receiving antenna. Used to compensate for down lead losses.

Pulse Broadening

An increase in pulse duration. Note: Pulse broadening may be specified by the impulse response, the root-mean-square pulse broadening, or the full-duration-half-maximum pulse broadening.

Pulse Decay Time

The time required for the instantaneous amplitude of an electrical wave to go from 90% to 10% of the peak amplitude.

Pulse Length

The time duration of the burst of energy emitted by a pulsed laser; also called pulse width. Usually measured at the "half-power" points (0.707 times the full height of a voltage or current pulse).

Pulse Rise Time

The time required for the instantaneous amplitude of an electrical wave to go from 10% to 90% of the peak amplitude.

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)

QAM is a modulation technique employing both phase and amplitude modulation. It is widely used to transmit digital CATV programs and cable Internet service. There are different QAM levels based upon the number of modulation states used. QAM64 utilizes 6 bits for 64 modulation states, QAM128 uses 7 bits for 128 states, QAM 256 uses 8 bits for 256 states, etc.

Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK)

QPSK uses four phase angles to represent each 2 bits input. It is similar to QAM4 without amplitude modulation. QPSK is used in many CATV satellite transmissions.

Radiant Energy

Energy (joules) which is transferred via electromagnetic waves; there is no associated transfer of matter.

Ray

A geometric representation of a light path through an optical device: a line normal to the wave front indicating the direction of radiant energy flow.

Rayleigh Scattering

Scattering of a lightwave propagating in a material medium due to the atomic or molecular structure of the material and variations in the structure as a function of distance. The scattering losses vary as the reciprocal of the fourth power of the wavelength. The distances between scattering centers are small compared to the wavelength. Rayleigh scattering is the fundamental limit of fiber loss in the operating wavelength region (0.8-1.6 um) of optical fiber systems.

Ratio

The relative size of two quantities indicated by the quotient obtained by dividing one quantity by the other.

Receiver

A unit including a detector and signal-processing electronics that converts optical input into electronic output; often used in communications.

Reflection

1. Reflected energy which substantially covers the spectrum occupied by the originating signal.

2. The abrupt change in direction of a light beam at an interface between two dissimilar media so that the light beam returns into the medium from which it originated.

Refraction

The bending of a beam of light at an interface between two dissimilar media or in a medium whose refractive index is a continuous function of position (graded-index medium).

Refractive Index

The ratio of the velocity of light in a vacuum to the velocity of light in the specified medium.

Remote Local Origination

Closed-circuit program generated some place other than the headend. Example: Sub-channel origination.

Repeater

A signal amplification device, often used along cables to extend transmission distances.

Response

The fidelity with which the output of a system, device, or network corresponds to its input.


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Responsivity

The ratio of an optical detector's electrical output to its optical input, the precise definition depending on the detector type; generally expressed in Amperes per Watt or Volts per Watt of incident radiant power.

Return Loss

A ratio expressed in dB between the reflected signal and the total signal applied to a device. In 75 ohm systems, the closer the device’s impedance is to 75 ohms, the higher the return loss.

Return Loss, Structural

The return loss of coaxial cable as established by discrete discontinuities introduced during the manufacturing process.

RFI

Radio Frequency Interference. Undesired RF signals.

Ribbon Cable

A cable whose conductors lie side by side in a single plane. Usually has a molded polyethylene insulation.

Rise Time

For an emitter, the time it takes for light intensity to rise from 10% to 90% of peak output. Detector rise time, also called response time, is the time in which the detector output goes from 10% to 90% of peak.

Riser

Term generally used to describe a simplified single line distribution drawing. In buildings, a riser refers to a location where cable routing can pass from floor to floor.

Router

A device that routes/forwards data across a networks.

RTP

Defines a standardized packet format for delivering audio and video over IP network.

Second-order Distortion

Spurious signals generated when two or more carriers are passed through a nonlinear circuit. The spurious signals are sum and difference products of any two carriers. Sometimes referred to as second-order "beats." Second order distortion is calculated as a power addition.

Second Window

Characteristic of an optical fiber having a region of relatively high transmittance surrounded by regions of low transmittance in the wavelength range of 1200 to 1350 nanometers.

Semiconductor

A material whose resistivity is between that of conductors and insulators, and whose resistivity can sometimes be changed by light, an electric field, or a magnetic field. Current flow is sometimes by movement of negative electrons, and sometimes by transfer of positive holes. Used in transistors, diodes, photodiodes, photocells, and thermistors. Some examples are: silicon, germanium, selenium, and lead sulfide.

Semiconductor, n-type

A semiconductor material, such as germanium or silicon, which has a small amount of impurity, such as antimony, arsenic, or phosphorous added to increase the supply of free electrons. Such a material conducts electricity through movement of electrons.

Semiconductor, p-type

A semiconductor material which has been doped so that it has a net deficiency of free electrons. It therefore conducts electricity through movement of "holes," which see.

Sensitivity

Imprecise synonym for responsivity. In optical system receivers, the minimum power required to achieve a specified quality of performance in terms of output signal-to-noise ratio or other measure.

Session Layer

The layer in the OSI 7-Layer Model that is concerned with managing the resources required for the session between two computers.

Scattering

The change in direction of light rays or photons after striking a small particle or particles. It may also be regarded as the diffusion of a light beam caused by the inhomogeneity of the transmitting medium.

Signal Level Meter (SLM)

A tuned radio frequency voltmeter, usually calibrated in decibels per millivolt (dBmV) as well as voltage.

Signal-to-noise Ratio (S/N ratio)

The difference in amplitude of a signal (before modulation or after detection of a modulated carrier), and the noise present in the spectrum occupied by the signal, when both are measured at the same point in the system.

Single-cable Design

A technique for designing CATV systems that utilizes a single type of amplifier with identical transmission levels throughout the system. It may, or may not, actually require some placement of paralleling cables in portions of the system.

Single-mode Fiber

An optical waveguide through which only one mode will propagate. Single-mode waveguide is produced by reducing the diameter of the core of the waveguide to 2 to 10 microns. The diameter of the core is dependent on the difference in the refractive index of the core and cladding. As the difference in the refractive index of the core and cladding decreases, the diameter of the core increases. Theoretically, the core could be infinitely large as the difference in index become infinitely small. Single-mode operation is desirable because all modes except the lowest and simplest mode are excluded. This reduces time distortion of signals propagating in unwanted modes, retains phase relationships, and reduces



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dispersion to the lowest possible value.

Slope

Difference in attenuation between specified low and high frequencies.

SLM

Signal Level Meter. Test equipment used to measure RF signal strengths in CATV/MATV systems. Also referred to as FSM.

SNMP

A de facto standard for management of networked devices using a simple request-response data retrieval mechanism.

Source

A device that, when properly driven (with electrical energy), will produce information-carrying optical signals.

Sparklies

Black or white dots or streaks that may appear in a satellite program’s picture. This condition is caused by an insufficient carrier-to-noise ratio.

Spectrum

A range of frequencies within which waves have common characteristics. For example, audio spectrum, radio spectrum, etc. Radio spectrum is generally accepted to include the range between 8 KHz and 300 GHz.

Splice

A permanent connection of two optical fibers.

Splitter

A network or device that divides its input energy equally between two outputs. It is possible to cascade (serially connect) splitters to provide more than two outputs, but usually the input energy is not then equally divided across those outputs if the outputs are not multiples of two.

Star Coupler

A passive device in which power from one or several input waveguides is distributed amongst a larger number of output optical waveguides.

Step-index Fiber

A type of fiber which has an abrupt change in index of refraction at the core/cladding interface. Generally such fibers have larger cores, higher losses, and lower bandwidths than graded-index types.

Step-index Profile

A refractive index profile characterized by a uniform refractive index within the core and a sharp decrease in refractive index at the core-cladding interface.

Strip Amplifier

Slang expression for a channelized high-output AGC’d amplifier used in processing VHF or UHF channels in a headend.

Sub-Band

The radio spectrum between 5 and 40 MHz.

Sub-Split

Two-way cable communication frequency plan. Consists of an incoming frequency range of 5-40 MHz and an out-going of 50-450 MHz.

Subnet Address

Portion of an IP address that is specified as the subnetwork by the subnet mask. See also IP address, subnet mask, and subnetwork.

Subnet Mask

A representation of a user's Internet address where all of the bit positions corresponding to the user's network and subnetwork id are 1's and the bit corresponding to the user's host id are 0's.

Subscriber Converter

See Converter, subscriber.

Subscriber’s Loop

Circuit between a local office and a subscriber's telephone set.

Super-Band

The radio spectrum between 216 and approximately 400 MHz.

Super-Trunk

A sub-system cable transmission link for transporting television signals between two discrete locations.

Switch

A switch is a device that forwards packets between nodes based on the packet's destination node address (either hardware or protocol).

Sync Pulse

Information included in a composite video signal to synchronize the television receiver's picture tube electron beam with the electron beam in the television camera which originated the video signal, or with any other source of a video signal.

Tap, Subscriber

A device that diverts a predetermined amount of its input energy to one or more tap outputs for the purpose of feeding energy into subscriber service drop cables. The remaining balance of the input energy is presented to a tap output port for propagation farther out into the system.

Tap, Optical

A device for extracting a portion of the optical signal from a fiber.

Tapoff

Device to provide a small amount of signal from a distribution line to feed a TV set. Provides an asymmetrical signal split.


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TASO

Television Allocation Study Organization, Industry group that advised the Federal Communications Commission on TV matters.

Telnet

A Telnet program allows a user at a terminal or PC to log in to a remote computer and run a program and execute other Unix commands.

Termination

Resistive device at end of distribution line or unused outputs of equipment to avoid reflections (ghost).

Thru-Line Loss

Insertion loss of a tapoff.

Tilt Control

Circuit on an amplifier to compensate for cable slope. Also referred to as slope control.

Transmitter

In a fiber optic system, the device which converts a modulated electrical signal into an optical signal for transmission through a fiber. A transmitter typically consists of a light source (LED or diode laser) and driving electronics.

Transmitter-Fiber

In a fiber optic system, the device which converts a modulated electrical signal into an optical signal for transmission through a fiber. A transmitter typically consists of a light source (LED or diode laser) and driving electronics.

Transponder

A frequency converter (translator) aboard a satellite that changes the uplink signal to the downlink signal and provides amplifications. Typical C-Band domestic satellites have 24 transponders.

Transport Protocol

The Protocol Layer of the OSI 7-Layer Model that is concerned with management of the data flow between source and destination.

Trap

A device used to attenuate specific frequencies of channels.

Trap

In SNMP, a message sent from the Agent to the Console when the Agent detects that condition defined by the network manager has occurred

Triple Beat Distortion

Spurious signals generated when three or more carriers are passed through a nonlinear circuit. The spurious signals are sum and difference products of any three carriers, sometimes referred to as "beats." Triple beat distortion is calculated as a voltage addition.

Trunk

1. One telephone communication channel between (a) two ranks of switching equipment in the same central office, (b) between central office units in the same switching center, or (c) between two switching centers. A trunk is for the common use of all calls of one class between its two terminals.

2. A sub-system within a trunk plus feeder designed CATV system which provides somewhat limited, arterial distribution of signals broadly across the CATV service area.

Trunk Plus Feeder Design (trunk/feeder)

A technique for designing CATV systems which involves two or more transmission levels, applied within different sub-systems of the same system. Generally requires some significant amount of paralleling cable placement.

TVRO

An abbreviation for "television receive only." Defines a facility which can include antennas, preamplifiers, and receivers for the reception only of television signals from a geostationary satellite in space.

Twinlead

A balanced transmission line usually of 300 ohm impedance.

Two-way

Describing a transmission system, which can transport signals in both directions simultaneously.

Two-way Filter

A combination of low and high pass filters to subdivide spectrum in a CATV system, allocating some spectrum for transmission in one direction, and some spectrum for transmission in the opposite direction.

T-1 Carrier System

A 24-channel, transistorized, time-division, pulse-code modulation, voice carrier used on exchange cable to provide short-haul trunks. Uses two pairs, in one or two cables, for two directions of transmission. Requires regenerative pulse repeaters at 6000 feet intervals.

UDP

A protocol within the TCP/IP protocol suite that is used in place of TCP when a reliable delivery is not required. There is less processing of UDP packets than there is for TCP. UDP is widely used for streaming audio and video, voice over IP (VoIP) and videoconferencing, because there is no time to retransmit erroneous or dropped packets.

UHF

Ultra High Frequencies TV channels 14-69 (479-806 MHz)

Ultra-high Frequency (UHF)

The radio spectrum between 300 and 3,000 MHz. The term UHF is also commonly used to denote standard television channels 14 through 69, which fall within this spectrum.


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Ultraviolet

Electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between about 40 and 400 nanometers. Radiation between 40 and 200 nm is termed "vacuum ultraviolet" because it is absorbed by air and travels only through a vacuum. The "near" ultraviolet has wavelengths close to those of visible light; the "far" ultraviolet has shorter wavelengths.

Underground Cable

Cable installed in subsurface conduits terminating at intervals in manholes, thus permitting the placing, replacing, or removal of cables at will.

Uplink

Transmission from earth to a satellite.

Usable Gain

See Gain, usable.

VHF

Very High Frequencies TV channels 2 thru 13 and FM (54-216 MHz).

Velocity of Light

The velocity of light in a vacuum is 2,997,925. meters per second or 186,280 miles per second. For rough calculations the figure of 3,000,000 meters per second is generally used.

Very High Frequency (VHF)

The radio spectrum between 30 and 300 MHz. The term VHF is also commonly used to denote standard television channels 2 through 13, which fall within this spectrum.

Vestigial Side Band (VSB)

In amplitude-modulated transmissions, a portion of only one sideband of a modulated carrier. The modulated carrier is passed through a filter having a graduated cut-off characteristic near the carrier frequency. A substantial portion of the modulated carrier is suppressed in this fashion.

Video

1. Pertaining to the signal which carries a television picture.

2. Describing the four megahertz wide band of frequencies which constitutes a television signal.

Video All-Call

Feature on a headend system which allows for all channels to be preempted with an emergency message or program. The headend generally employs heterodyne processors and/or modulators. Electronic A/B switches inserted in the IF loops substitutes the emergency program IF signal when all-call is invoked.

Visible Light

That part of the spectrum to which the human eye is sensitive, usually defined as wavelengths between 390 and 780 nanometers.

Voice Channel

A transmission path suitable for carrying analog voice signals, covering a

frequency band of 250-3400 Hz.

VSWR

Voltage Standing Wave Ratio. A measure of how much signal is reflected from a device. If no signal is reflected the VSWR would be 1. This occurs when the signal source and the device the signal is applied to have the same impedance. This term is mostly used when referring to transmitters and microwave components. For RF distribution systems see “return loss.”

Watt

The unit of electric power, equal to the rate of work when a current of one ampere flows under a pressure of one volt. For direct currents, it is equal to the product of the voltage and current, or the product of circuit resistance by the square of the current. For alternating currents it is equal to the product of effective volts and effective current times the circuit power factor.

Wave

1. A periodic variation of an electric voltage or current.

2. A wave motion in any medium: mechanical as in water, acoustical as sound in air, electrical as current waves on wires, or electromagnetic as radio and light waves through space.

Waveguide

Any device which guides electromagnetic waves along a path defined by the physical construction of the device.

Wavelength

The distance between three consecutive nodes of a wave, equal to 360 electrical degrees. It is equal to the velocity of propagation divided by the frequency, when both are in the same units.

Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)

The provision of two or more channels over a common optical waveguide, the channels being differentiated by optical wavelength.

Wideband Passing

A Wide Range of Frequencies.

Windloading

Force exerted upon a structure based upon wind speed, direction and projected area of the structure.

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ACA Apartment Complex AmplifierAD Agile DemodulatorAM Agile ModulatorAMCM Agile Micro ModulatorAP Agile ProcessorAQD ATSC/QAM Demodulator AQM Agile QAM Modulator AQP ATSC/QAM ProcessorAQT ATSC/QAM TranscoderBIDA Broadband Indoor Distribution AmplifierCDSR Commercial Digital Satellite ReceiverDA Distribution AmplifierDAP Digital Analog ProcessorDSR Digital Satellite ReceiverDQMx Digital QAM MultiplexerEQAM EdgeQAMFIBT Fiber Broadband Transmitter FOC Fiber Optic CouplerHDE High Definition EncoderHPC Headend Passive CombinerIPAT IP/ASI TranscoderIPME IP MPEG-2 EncoderFRDA Fiber Receiver/Distribution AmplifierIRD Integrated Receiver DecoderITX Intelligent TransmitterLA Launch AmplifierLNBF Low Noise Block Converter FeedMDDA Modular Digital Demodulator ASIMDDM Modular Digital DemodulatorMICM Micro- Channel Modulator MIDM Micro-Demodulator MSBC Modular Subband ConvertorMUX Multiplexer QTM QAM Transcoder Module RMDA Rack Mounted Distribution AmplifierRPR Remote Power ResetSDE Standard Definition EncoderSE Stereo EncoderTVCB TV Channel Blocker

Blonder Tongue Acronyms


154

CATV & IPTV Acronyms

1xRTT Single Carrier Radio Transmission Technology

3DES Triple Data Encryption Standard

3DTV Three Dimensional Television

3G 3rd Generation

3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project

4C Consortium of Intel, IBM, Matsushita, and Toshiba

5C Consortium of Intel, Sony, Matsushita, Toshiba, and Hitachi

A/D Analog to Digital

A/D/A Analog to Digital to Analog

A/O Additional Outlet

A/V Audio/Video

AAA Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting

AAAA American Association of Advertising Agencies

AAC Advanced Audio Codec

AAC Advanced Audio Compression

AACS Advanced Access Content System

ABSBH Average Busy Season Busy Hour

AC Access Category

AC Alternating Current

AC_BE Access Category – Best Effort

AC_BK Access Category – BacKground

AC_VI Access Category – VIdeo

AC_VO Access Category – VOice

AC-3 Audio Coding Revision 3

ACE Advanced Component Exchange

ACK Acknowledge

ACL Access Control List

ACL Applications Connection-Less

ACM Adaptive Coding and Modulation

AD Activity Detection

ADI Asset Distribution Interface

ADI Asynchronous Digital Interface

Ad-ID Advertising-Digital Interface

ADM Add/Drop Multiplexing Administration

ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line

AES Advanced Encryption Standard

AF Assured Forwarding

AFF Adaptive Field/Frame

AGC Automatic Gain Control

AGW Access Gateway

AI Artificial Intelligence

AIFS Arbitration InterFrame Space

AIN Advanced Intelligent Network

AIS Alarm Indication Signal

AIT Application Information Table

AKA Authentication and Key Agreement

ALG Application Layer Gateway

AM Amplitude Modulation

AM Application Manager

AMA Automatic Message Accounting

AMOL Automated Measurement Of Lineup

A-MPDU Aggregated MAC (Media Access Control) Protocol Data Unit

AMS Asset Management System

ANA Association of National Advertisers

ANC Announcement

ANF Aggregate Noise Factor

ANP Announcement Player

ANSI American National Standards Institute

AOD Advertising On Demand

AoR Address of Record

AP Audio Processor

AP Automatic Power

APD Avalanche Photo Diode

API Application Programming Interface

APON ATM-based Passive Optical Network

Apps Applications

APS Automatic Protection Switching

APSK Amplitude Phase Shift Keying

ARCNET Attached Resource Computer Network

ARDP Advanced Return Path Modulator

ARF Advertising Research Foundation and Businesses

ARIN American Registry of Internet Numbers

ARP Address Resolution Protocol

ARPU Average Revenue per Unit (or User)

AS Application Server

ASAP As Soon As Possible

ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange

ASF Advanced Streaming Format

ASF Advanced Systems Format

ASI Asynchronous Serial Interface

AsiaPac Asia Pacific

ASIC Application-Specific Integrated Circuit

ASM Asset Management System

ASP Advanced Streaming Profile

ASP Average Selling Price

ASR Access Switch Router

ASTB Advanced Set-Top Box

ASTD American Society for Training and Development

AT Advanced Technology

ATA Advanced Technology Attachment

ATDMA Asynchronous Time Division Multiple Access

ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode

ATSC Advanced Television Systems Committee

ATTN Attenuator

AUP Acceptable Use Policy

AV Audio/Video

AV Audiovisual

AVC Advanced Video Coding

AVI Advanced Video Interface

AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise

AWT Abstract Window Toolkit

B2B Business to Business

B2BUA Back-to-Back User Agent

B2C Business to Consumer

BA Behavioral Aggregate

BAF Bellcore AMA Format

BB Baseband

BB Broadband

BC Broadcast

BC/NC Broadcast/Narrowcast

BC-BS Backwards-Compatible Broadcast Services

BCID Billing Correlation Identifier

BDF Broadband Digital Forward

BDR Baseband Digital Reverse

BE Best Effort

BER Bit Error Rate

BERT Bit Error Rate Test

BFS Broadcast File System

BFT Broadcast File Transfer

BGCF Breakout Gateway Control Function

BGP Border Gateway Protocol

BICSI Building Industry Consulting Services

BIF Binary Interchange Format

bits/sym

Bits per Symbol

BIU Broadband Interface Unit

BMS Business Management System

BNC Broadcast Network

BNN Bit-Error-Rate in the Noise Notch

BoD Broadcast on Demand

BOM Bill of Material

BOOTP Bootstrap Protocol

BP Boundary Point

BPDU Bridge Protocol Data Unit

BPF Band-Pass Filter

BPI Baseline Privacy Interface

BPI+ Baseline Privacy Interface Plus

BPL Broadband over Power Line

B-PON Broadband Passive Optical Network

bps Bits Per Second

BRAS Broadband Remote Access Server

BRI Basic Rate Interface

BRI Brand Rating Index

BRS Broadband Radio Service

BS Broadcast Services

BSAM Basic Sequential Access Method

BSAM Broadband Services Access Multiplexer

BSC Base Station

BSCC Broadcast Stream Client Connector

BSS Basic Service Set

BSS Business Support System

BTS Base Transceiver Station

BTS Business Telecom Services

BTSC Broadcast Television Systems Committee

BTU/hr British Thermal Unit Per Hour

BW Bandwidth

BYOI Bring Your Own Infrastructure

C/N Carrier-to-Noise Ratio

CA Call Agent

CA Conditional Access

CA Content Archive

CAB Cable Advertising Bureau

CAC Call Admission Control

CAD Computer Aided Design

CALA Central America and Latin America

CALEA Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act

CAM Content Addressable Memory

CAN Cellular Access Network

Canitec Camara Nacional de la Industria Television por Cable

CapEx Capital Expenditure

CAPMAN Capacity Management

CAS Conditional Access Server

CAS Conditional Access System

CAT Conditional Access Table

CAT5 Category 5

CATV Community Antenna Television (or Cable Television)

CB Channel Bonding

CB Citizen Band

CBR Constant Bit Rate

CBT Computer Based Testing (or Training)

CC Closed Caption

CCA Circuit Card Assembly

CCCM CPE Controlled Cable Modem

CCDF Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function

CCI Copy Control Information

CCK Complimentary Code Keying

CCM Channel Change Message

CCM Constant Coding and Modulation

CCNR Completion of Calls No Reply

CCS Centum Call Seconds

CCS Control Compact Disc

CD Chromatic Dispersion

CD Compact Disc

CDC Changed Data Capture

CDC Connected Device Configuration

CDL Code DownLoad

CDMA Code Division Multiple Access

CDN Content Delivery Network

CDP Cisco Discovery Protocol

CDR Call Detail Record

CD-ROM Compact Disk-Read Only Memory

CDT Carrier Definition Table

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CE Consumer Electronics

CE Customer Equipment

CEA Consumer Electronics Association

CEBus Consumer Electronic Bus

CEO Chief Executive Officer

CEP Cable Entry Point

CEPCA Consumer Electronics Powerline Communication Alliance

CER Codeword Error Ratio

CES Circuit Emulation Service

CFO Chief Financial Officer

CFP Contention Free Periods

CH CableHome™

Ch Channel

CIDR Classless Inter Domain Routing

CIF Common Image Format

CIFS Common Internet File System

CIM Common Information Model

CIN Call Indentity Number

CINIT Centro de Investigacion e Innovacion en Telecomunicaciones

CIR Committed Information Rate

CLASS Custom Local Area Signaling Services

CLDC Connection Limited Device Configuration

CLE Customer Located Equipment

CLEC Common Local Echange Carrier

CLI Command Line Interface

CLI Cumulative Leakage Index

CLR Common Language Run-time

CLV Consumer Lifetime Value

CM Cable Modem

CMCI CM (Cable Modem) To CPE (Customer Premises Equipment) Interface

CMLA Content Management License Administrator

CMOS Complimentary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor

CMS Call Management Server

CMTS Cable Modem Termination System

CNAM Calling NAMe

CNIR Carrier-to-Noise/Ingress Ratio

CNR Carrier-to-Noise Ratio

CNR Chronic Non-Responder

CO Central Office

CODEC Coder/Decoder

COFDM Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

COLD Central Office Layout Design

COPS Common Open Policy Service

CORBA Common Object Request Broker Architecture

CoS Class of Service

COT Central Office Terminal

CP Copy Protection

CPD Common Path Distortion

CPE Customer Premises Equipment

CPM Cost per Thousand Impressions

CPMS Copy Protection Management System

CPPM Copy Protection for Prerecorded Media

CPRM Content Protection for Recordable Media

CPTWG Copy Protection Technical Working Group

CPU Central Processing Unit

CQoS CableHome™ Quality of Service

CQP CableHome™ QoS Portal

CRA Contention Resolution Algorithm

CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check

CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check

CRG CableHome™ Residential Gateway

CRL Certificate Revocation List

CR-LDP Constraint-based Label Distribution Protocol

CRM Customer Relationship Management

CSA Common Scrambling Algorithim

CSCF Call State/Session Control(ler) Function

CSH Central Switch Homerun

CSMA/CA

Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance

CSMA/CD

Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection

CSO Composite Second Order

CSR Customer Service Representative

CS-RZ Carrier-Suppressed Return-to-Zero

CSS Content Scrambling System

CSU/DSU

Channel Service Unit/Data Service Unit

CSV Comma Separated Value

CTAM Cable & Telecommunications Association for Marketing

CTB Composite Triple Beat

CTIA Cellular Telecommunications & Internet Association

CTO Chief Technology Officer

CVCT Cable Virtual Channel Table

CW Codeword

CW Continuous Wave

CWDM Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing

CWM Common Warehouse Metamodel

D&B Dun & Bradstreet

D/E Decrypt/Extract

DA Destination Address

DAB Digital Audio Broadcast

DAC Descrambler Authorization Center

DAC Digital Addressable

DAC Digital to Analog Converter

DANIS Digital Addressable Network Interface System

DARPA Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency

DAS Direct Attached Storage

DASE Digital TV Application Software Environment

DAT Digital Audio Tape

DAT DOCSIS® Set-top Gateway Address Table

DAVIC Digital Audio Visual Council

DB Database

dB Decibel

dBc Decibel Referenced to the Carrier

dBFS Decibel Below Full Scale

dBm Decibel milliwatt

dBmV Decibel milliVolt

DBPSK Differential Binary Phase Shift Keying

DBS Direct Broadcast Satellite

DC DigiCipher®

DC Direct Current

DC Directional Coupler

DC Dispersion Compensator

DCA Digital Cable Application

D- CAPMAN

Dynamic Capacity Management

DCAS Downloadable Conditional Access System

DCC Data Communication Channel

DCC Dynamic Channel Change

DCD Disconnection Delay

DCD Downstream Channel Descriptor

DCE Data Circuit Comm Equipment

DCF Dispersion Compensating Fiber

DCF Distributed Coordination Function

DCII DigiCipher® II

DCM Dispersion Compensation Module

DCP Device Control Protocol

DCP Digital Convergence Platform

DCR Digital Cable Ready

DCS Digital Cross-connect System

DCT Digital Communications (Cable) Terminal

DCT Discrete Cosine Transform

DCT Discrete Cosine Transform

DE Default

DeCSS Defeat Content Scrambling System

DEM DigiCipher Even Manager

DENI Digital Entertainment Networking Initiative

DES Data Encryption Standard

DES Digital Encryption Standard

DF Delivery Function

DFAST Dynamic Feedback Arrangement Scrambling Technique

DFB Distributed Feedback

DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

DHEI DigiCable Headend Expansion Interface

DHWG Digital Home Working Group

DiffServ Differentiated Services

Div Division

DIX DEC-Intel-Xerox

DLCI Data Link Connection Identifier

DLL Data Link Layer

DLNA Digital Living Network Alliance

DLS Down Load Server

DM Degraded Modem

DM Demodulator

DM Device Manager

DM Dispersion Mitigation

DMA Designated Marketing Area

DMB Digital Multimedia Broadcasting

DMC Dual Modem Cards

DMCA Digital Millennium Copyright Act

DMH Degraded Modem Hours

DMIF Delivery Multimedia Integration Framework

DML Direct Modulated Distributed Feedback Laser

DNCS Digital Network Control System

DNS Domain Name System

DOA Dead on Arrival

DOCS DIAG

DOCSIS Diagnostic Program

DOCSIS® Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specifications

DOCSIS® -RFI

DOCSIS® Radio Frequency Interface

DoD Department of Defense

DoS Denial of Service

DPI Digital Program Insertion

DPON Deep-Fiber Passive Optical Network

DPSK Differential Phase Shift Keying

DPT Dynamic Packet Transport

DQoS Dynamic Quality of Service

DQPSK Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory

DRC Dynamic Range Control

DRM Digital Rights Management

DS Downstream

DS0 Digital Signal 0 (zero)

DSA Dynamic Service Addition

DSCP Differentiated Service Code Point

DSE Digital Service Encoder

DSG DOCSIS® Set-top Gateway

DSL Digital Subscriber Line

DSLAM Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer

DSM Digital Storage Media, DNCS Session Manager

DSM-CC

Digital Storage Medium Command & Control

DSM-CC

UN Digital Storage Media Command and Control User-to-Network

DSP Digital Signal Processing

DSP Digital Signal Processor



156

DSR Digital Satellite Receiver

DSSS Direct Sequencing Spread Spectrum

DSTB Digital Set-top Box

DS-UWB Direct Sequence Ultra-WideBand

DS-x Digital Signal (level)

DSx Dynamic Service Change

DTCP Digital Transmission Content Protection

DTCP/5C Digital Transmission Content Protection/5 Companies

DTD Dial Tone Delay

DTE Data Terminal Equipment

DTH Direct To Home

DTMF Dual Tone Multi-frequency

DTV Digital Television

DUN Dial-Up Networking

DUT Device Under Test

DVB Digital Video Broadcast

DVB-ASI

DVB (Digital Video Broadcast) Asynchronous Serial Interface

DVB-DSNG

DVB (Digital Video Broadcast) Digital Satellite News Gathering

DVB-H DVB Handheld

DVB-RCS

DVB (Digital Video Broadcast) Return Channel via Satellite

DVB-S DVB (Digital Video Broadcast Standard

DVB-S DVB Satellite

DVB-T DVB Terrestial

DVC Digital Video Compressor

DVD Digital Versatile Disc

DVD+R Recordable Digital Versatile Disc

DVD+ RW

Rewritable Digital Versatile Disc

DVD CCA

Digital Versatile Disc Copy Control Association

DVI Display Visual Interface

DVNR Digital Vision Noise Reducer

DVR Digital Video Recorder

DVS Digital Video Standard

DVS Digital Video Subcommittee

DWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplex

E/I Encrypt/Insert

EA-DFB Electro-Absorption Modulator Integrated Distributed Feedback Laser

EAP Extensible Authentication Protocol

EAS Emergency Alert System

eBIF Enhanced Binary Interchange Format

EBITDA Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization

ECC Encryption Control Center

eCM Embedded Cable Modem

ECM Entitlement Control Message

ECR Efficient Consumer Response

ECR Engineering Change Request

EDC Electronic Dispersion Compensator

EDCA Enhanced Distributed Channel Access

EDFA Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier

EDGE Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution

eDOCSIS™ Embedded Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specifications

EEPROM Electronically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory

EF Expedited Forwarding

EFM Ethernet in the First Mile

EFMS Error Free Milliseconds

EFS Error Free Seconds

EHDR Extended Header

EIA Electronics Industry Association

EIC Entertainment, Information, and Communications

EIGRP Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol

EIR Excess Information Rate

EIRP Effective Isotropic Radiated Power

EIS/SCS Event Information Scheduler/SimulCrypt Synchronizer

ELA Ethernet Line Aggregation

E-LSP EXP-Inferred-PSC Label Switch Path

EM Element Manager

EMC Encoder Monitor and Control

EMEA Europe, Middle East and Asia

EMI Electro-Magnetic Interference

EML Externally Modulated Laser

EMM Entitlement Management Message

EMS Element Management System

eMTA Embedded Multimedia Terminal Adapter

ENDEC Encode/Decode

ENUM Electronic Numbering

E-O Electrical-Optical

EoD Everything on Demand

EoS Ethernet over SONET

EP End Point

EPG Electronic Program Guide

EPL Ethernet Private Line

EPON Ethernet Passive Optical Network

EPRI Electric Power Research Institute

EPROM Electrically Readable Programmable Read Only Memory

EQAM Edge QAM

ER Edge Router

ERIM Erasmus Research Institute of Management

ERM Edge Resource Manager

ERS Encryption Renewal System

ES Errored Seconds

ES Exclusive Session

ESC Embedded Signaling Channel

ESCON Enterprise System Connection

ESF Extended SuperFrame

ES Errored Seconds

ES Exclusive Session

ESC Embedded Signaling Channel

ESCON Enterprise System Connection

ESF Extended SuperFrame

ESM EOD Server Manager

ESP Encapsulating Security Payload

ETS Event Trigger System

ETSI European Telecommunication Standards Institute

ETTH Ethernet To The Home

ETTx Ethernet To The x (end point)

eTV Enhanced Television

EVC Ethernet Virtual Circuit

EV-DO Evolution-Data Only

EVM Error Vector Magnitude

EVPL Ethernet Virtual Private Line

EVPLAN Ethernet Virtual Private Local Area Network

EXC Electronic Cross Connect

ExCCI Extended CC

EX-MOD Externally Modulated

EXP Experimental

FastE Fast Ethernet

FAT File Allocation Table

FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation

FC Fiber Channel

FC-AL Fiber Channel – Arbitrated Loop

FCC Federal Communications Commission

FCP Fibre Channel Protocol

FCRC Fragment Cyclic Redundancy Check

FDD Frequency Division Duplexed

FDDI Fiberoptic Digital Data Interface

FF Fast Forward

FFT Fast Fourier Transform

FGPS FEC, Guard time, Preamble, Stuffing bytes

FHCS Fragment Header Check Sequence

FHSS Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum

FICON Fiber Connection

FIFO First In First Out

FLR Frame Loss Ratio

FM Frequency Modulation

FN Fiber Node

FOADM Fixed Filter Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer

FOD Free on Demand

FOSC Fiber Optic Splice Closure

FP

FPGA

Fabry-Perot

Field-Programmable Gate Array

FPM FEC and Packet Multiplexer

FQDN Fully Qualified Domain Name

FR Frame Relay

FRAG Fragmentation

FDIS Final Draft International Standard

FDP Face Description

FE Fast Ethernet

FEC Forward Error Correction

FEC Forwarding Equivalence Class

FS- CWDM

Full Spectrum – Coarse Wave Division Multiplexing

FSN Full Service Network

FSO Free Space Optical

FTA Free to Air

FTP File Transfer Protocol

FTTB Fiber to the Business

FTTC Fiber to the Curb

FTTH Fiber to the Home

FTTN Fiber to the Node

FTTP Fiber to the Premises

FTTU Fiber to the User

FTTx Fiber to the (endpoint)

FW Firewall

FWM Four-Wave Mixing

FXS Foreign eXchange Station

G2B Go2BroadbandSM

GaAs Gallium Arsenide

GARP Generic Attribute Registration Protocol

GB Gigabyte

GB/s Gigabits per Second

GbE Gigabit Ethernet

GBIC Gigabit Interface Converter

GBIC Module

Gbps Gigabits per Second

GC Gateway

GCR Group Configuration Request

GDV Group Delay Variation

GE Gigabit Ethernet

GEM Globally Executable MHP

GFL Group Flow Label

GFP Generalized Framing Procedure

GFP-F Generic Framing Procedure-Framed

GFP-T Generic Framing Procedure-Transparent

GFP-T Transparent Generalized Framing Procedure

GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node

GHz Gigahertz

GigE Gigabit Ethernet

GIGO Garbage In, Garbage Out

GIS Geographic Information System

GMPLS Generalized MultiProtocol Label Switching

GNT Grant

GOP Group of Pictures

GPI General Purpose Interface

G-PON Gigabit Passive Optical Network

GPRS General Packet Radio Service

GPS Global Positioning System

GQoS Generic Quality of Service

GR Generic Requirement

GRE Generic Routing Encapsulation

GRM Global Resource Manager

GRX GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) Roaming eXchange

GS Global Server

GSM Global System for Mobile communications

GSMA Global System for Mobile communications Association

GSRM Global System Resource Manager

GTP GPRS Tunneling Protocol


157


GUI Graphical User Interface

GVRP GARP VLAN Registration Protocol

GW Gateway

GWC Gateway

H&S Hub and Spoke

HAN Home Area Network

HAVi Home Audio Video Interoperability

HCCA Hybrid Coordination function controlled Channel Access

HCF Hybrid Coordination Function

HCM Hardware Control Message

HCRP Hard Copy Cable Replacement

HCS Header Check Sequence

HCT Headend Configuration Tool

HD Hardware

HD High Definition

HDBH High-Day Busy Hour

HDCP High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection

HDD Hard Disk Drive

HDD High Definition Decoder

HDE High Definition Encoder

HDLC High Level Data Link Control

HDMI High Definition Multimedia Interface

HD-PLC High Definition-ready Powerline Communications

HDR Header

HDT Host Digital Terminal

HDTV High Definition Television

HDVOD High-Definition Video on Demand

HE Headend

HEC Headend Cable

HEM Headend Modem

HF High Frequency

HFC Hybrid Fiber/Coax

HGW Home Gateway

HH HouseHold

HHP Households Passed

HHR Half Horizontal Resolution

Hi-PHY High Performance Physical Layer

HIT Headend Interface Terminal

HITS Headend In The Sky

HLR Home Location Register

HMAC keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication Code

HMS Headend Management System

HMS Home Media Server

HMS Hybrid Management Sub-layer

HN Home Network

H-Net Home Network

HNv1 Home Networking Version 1

HOD HBO On Demand

HOM High-Order Modulation

Home PNA™

Home Phoneline Networking Alliance

HP Homes Passed

HPF High Pass Filter

HPLMN Home Public Land Mobile Network

HPNA Home Phoneline Networking Alliance

HPOV Hewlitt Packard Open View

HQ High Quality

HRC Harmonically Related Carriers

HSA High Speed Access

HSCI High Speed Cable Interface

HSD High Speed Data

HSDPA High Speed Downlink Packet Access

HSE HD Service Encoder

HSI High-Speed Internet

HSP Headset Profile

HSRP Hot Standby Router Protocol

HSS Home Subscriber Server

HSS/HLR

High Speed Serial/Home Location Register

HSUPA High Speed Uplink Packet Access

HTML Hyper Text Markup Language

HTPC Home Theatre Personal Computer

HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

HVAC Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning

HVAC High Voltage Alternating Current

HVC HD Video Compressor

HVS Human Vision System

Hz Hertz

I/O Input/Output

IAG Interactive Advertising Guidelines

IAMS Intelligent Asset Management System

IANA Internet Assigned Numbers Authority

IB In-Band

ICB Independent Customer Builds

ICC Instant Channel Change

ICE Information & Content Exchange

ICE Inter Chip Encryption

ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol

ICO Incumbent Cable Operator

i-CSCF Interrogating-Call State Control Function

i-CSCF Interrogating-Call State/Session Control(ler) Function

ID Identifier

IDC International Data Group Inc.

IDCT Inverse Discrete Cosine Transform

IDE Integrated Development Environment

IDE Integrated Device Electronics

iDEN integrated Digital Enhanced Network

IDS Intrusion Detection System

IDT Integrated Digital Terminal

IEC International Electrotechnical Commission

IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

IEEE-SA Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Standards Association

IETF Internet Engineering Task Force

IF Intermediate Frequency

IFC Initial First Cost

IGMP Internet Group Multicast Protocol

IGRP Interior Gateway Routing Protocol

IKE Internet Key Exchange

ILEC Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier

ILMI Interim Link Management Interface

IM Instant Messaging

IMD Intermodulation Distortion

IMS IP Multimedia Subsystem

INA Interactive Network Adaptor

I-NET Institutional Network

INP Input

INA Interface Adaptor

INT International

IntServ Integrated Services

IP Internet Protocol

IPAT Internet Protocol Access Terminal

IP-CAN Internet Protocol Cellular Access Network

IPCDN IP over Cable Data Network

IPDR Internet Protocol Detail Record

IPDT Internet Protocol Digital Terminal

IPG Interactive Program Guide

IPG Inter-Packet Gap

IPM Intelligent Policy Management

IPMP Intellectual Property Management & Protection

IPPV Impulse Pay Per View

IPRM IP Rights Management System

IPSec Internet Protocol Security

IPTA Internet Protocol Transport Agreement

IPTV Internet Protocol Television

IPv4 Internet Protocol version 4

IR Infrared

IRD Integrated Receiver/Decoder

IRI Industrial Reporting Inc

IRR Internal Rate of Return

IRT Integrated Receiver/Transcoder

IRTDBG Integrated Receiver Transmitter DeBuG

IS Information Systems

IS International Standard

ISA Interactive Service Architecture

iSCSI Internet Small Computer System Interface

ISDB Integrated Service Digital Broadcast

ISDB-T Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting -Terrestrial

ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network

ISI Inter-Symbol Interference

IS-IS Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System

ISM Industrial Scientific Medical

ISMS Integrated Service Management System

ISO International Organization for Standardization

ISP Inside Plant

ISP Internet Service Provider

ISTP Internet Signaling Transport Protocol

ISUP Integrated Services Digital Network User Part

ISV Independent Software Vendor

IT Information Technology

ITA Interactive Television Association

ITU International Telecommunications Union

ITU-T International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunication Standardization Sector

iTV Interactive Television

IUC Interval Usage Code

IVR Interactive Voice Response

IVRM Intelligent Video Resource Manager

IWF Internetworking Function

IWF InterWorking Function

IXC Interexchange Carrier

IXP Internet Exchange Provider

J2ME Java2 MicroEdition

JCP Java Community Process

JMF Java Medium Framework

JND Just Noticeable Difference

JNI Java Native Interface

JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group

JSR Java Specification Request

JTA Job Task Analysis

JVM Java Virtual Machine

JVT Java Vision Toolkit

JVT Joint Video Team

k Kilo = 1000

kB Kilobyte

kb/s Kilobits per Second

kbps Kilobits per Second

KDC Key Distribution Center

KDCF Korea Digital Cable Forum

kHz Kilohertz

KLS Key List Server

km Kilometer

KP Kernel Processor

KSA Knowledge, Skills & Abilities

ksym/s Kilosymbols Per Second

ksym/sec

Kilosymbols Per Second

KTTA Korean Telecommunications Technology Association

kVA 1000 Volt Amperes

kW Kilowatt

l Current

L/R Left/Right

L2 Level 2

L2TP Layer-2 Tunneling Protocol

L2TPv3 Layer-2 Tunneling Protocol Version 3

LAeq Long-term A-weighted loudness EQuivalent

LAN Local Area Network

LATA Local Access and Transport Area

LC Local Convergence

LCAS Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme

LCC Life-Cycle Cost

LCD Liquid Crystal Display



158

LCP Local Convergence Point

LCS Line Code Signaling

LD Long Distance

LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol

LDP Label Distribution Protocol

LDPC Low Density Parity Check

LDS Local Digital Switch

LEC Local Exchange Carrier

LED Light Emitting Diode

LEN Length

LEO Low Earth Orbit

LER Label Edge Router

LF Low Frequency

LFA Long Format Advertising

LH DWDM

Long Haul Dense Wave Division Multiplex

LLC Logical Link Control

L-LSP Label-Only-Inferred-PSC LSP

LMDS Local Multipoint Distribution Service

LMI Link Management Interface

LMP Link Management Protocol

LNB Low Noise Block-downconverter

LNP Local Number Portability

LO Local Origination

LOADM Lightweight Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer

LOS Line Of Sight

LOS Loss of Signal

LovSAN a.k.a The Blaster Worm

LP Long Play

LPCM Linear Pulse Code Modulation

LRU Least Recently Used

LSB Least Significant Byte

LSP Label Switched Path

LSP Legacy Set-top Profile

LSR Label Switch Router

LTC Longitudinal Time Code

LTS Long Term Storage

LUA Last User Activity

LVI Low Voltage Integrator

LWP Low Water Peak

M/U Modulator/Upconverter

M3UA MTP-3 User Adaptation

MAC Media Access Control

MACD Moves, Adds, Changes, Deletes

MAN Metropolitan Area Network

MAP Main Audio Program

MAS MPEG-Aware Switch

MB Megabyte

Mb/s Megabits per Second

MB/s Megabytes per Second

MB-AFF Macro Block Adaptive Frame/Field

Mbaud Megabaud

Mbits/sec

Megabits per Second

MBOA MultiBand OFDM Alliance

MB- OFDM

Multiband Orthogonal Frequency Domain Modulation

Mbps Megabits per Second

MBps MegaByte per Second

MBS Mission Bit Stream

MC Motion Compensation

M-

CMTS

Modular Cable Modem Termination System

MC-PC Media Center Personal Computers

MCPC Multiple Channel Per Carrier

MCTF Motion Compensated Temporal Filtering

MDA Message-Digest Algorithm

MDA Model Driven Architecture

MDR Mobile Digital Recorder

MDU Multiple Dwelling Unit

mDVR Multi-TV Digital Video Recorder

MEMS Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems

MEN Metro Ethernet Network

MER Modulation Error Ratio

MF Multifield

MF Multifrequency

MG Media Gateway Control(ler)

MGC Media Gateway

MGCF Media Gateway Control(ler) Function

MGCP Media Gateway Control Protocol

MGW Media GateWay

MHP Multimedia Home Platform

MHz Megahertz

MIB Management Information Base

MIDP Mobile Information Device Profile

MIMO Multiple Input, Multiple Output

MIP Mobile IP

MIPS Million Instructions Per Second

ML@MP

Main Level @ Main Profile

MLD Multicast Listener Discovery

MM Multimedia

MMD Multipoint Microwave Distribution

MMI Man Machine Interface

MMT Modulation Mode Table

MOCA Multimedia Over Coax Alliance

MOD Movies on Demand

MOF Meta Object Facility

MOS Mean Opinion Score

MP Media Player

MP@HL Main Profile @ High Level

MP3 MPEG-2 Layer 3

MPAA Motion Picture Association of America

MPBGP MultiProtocol Border Gateway Protocol

MPC Media Player

MPDU MAC (Media Access Control) Protocol Data Unit

MPE Multi Protocol Encapsulation

MPEG Moving Pictures Expert Group

MPEG-TS

Moving Pictures Expert Group Transport Stream

MPLS Multiprotocol Label Switching

MPS Modular Processing System

MPTS Multiple Program Transport Stream

MPTS-TE

MPLS – Traffic Engineering

MQ Medium Quality

M-QAM M-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

MRFC Multimedia Resource Function

MRFP Multimedia Resource Function Processor

MRTG Multi Router Traffic Grapher

MS Master Server

ms Millisecond

MSA300 Standard 10 Gigabit Ethernet Connector

MSB Most Significant Byte

MSC Mobile Switching Center

MSE Multi-Standard Encoder

msec Millisecond

MSFT Microsoft Corporation

MSN Microsoft Network

MSO Multiple System Operator

MSPP Multi-Service Provisioning Platform

Msps Mega-Symbols per Second

MSR Multi-Standard Receiver

MSRP Manufacturer’s Suggested Retail Price

MTA Multimedia Terminal Adapter

MTBF Mean Time Between Failures

MTP-3 Message Transfer Part Level 3

MTTF Mean-Time-To-Failure

MTTR Mean Time- To- Repair

MTTU Mean Time to Understand

MUX Multiplexer

MV Motion Vector

MVNO Mobile Virtual Network Operator

MVoD Mobile Video on Demand

MVP Multi-View Profile

MZ Mach-Zehnder

NABTS North American Broadcast Teletext Standard

NANPA North American Numbering Plan Administration

NAP Network Access Point

NAPT Network Address & Protocol Translation

NAS National Authorization Service

NAS Network Attached Storage

NASRAC National Authorization Service–Regional Access

NASS Network Access Attachment Function(s)

NAT Network Address Translation

NBC-BS Non Backwards-Compatible Broadcast Services

NBI Northbound Interface

NC Network

NCM Next Century Media

NCS Network Control System

NCS Network-based Call Signaling

NCTA National Cable & Telecommunications Association

NDA Non-Disclosure Agreement

NDE Network Dimensioning Engine

NDMH Non-Degraded Modem Hours

NDVR Network Digital Video Recording

NE Network Element

NEBS Network Equipment Building System

NEMA National Electrical Manufactures Association

NEMS Network Element Management System

NETBIOS Network Version of Basic Input/Output System

NF Noise Figure

NFS Network File System

NG STB Next Generation Set-Top Box

NG-L1 Next Generation Layer 1

NGN Next Generation Network

NGNA Next Generation Network Architecture

NGO Non-Government Organization

ngOSS Next Generation Operations Support System

ng- SONET

Next Generation Synchronous Optical NETwork

NI Network Interface

NIC Network Interface Card

NID Network Interface Device

NIM Network Interface Module

NIS Network Infrastructure Solutions

NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology

NIT Network Information Table

NIU Network Interface Unit

NLOS Non-Line of Sight

nm Nanometer

NMS Network Management System

NNI Network-Network Interface

NNOC National Network Operations Center

NNTP Network News Transfer Protocol

NOC Network Operations Center

NP Number Portability

NPAC Number Portability Administration Center

NPR Noise Power Ratio

NPT Network Performance Tool

nPVR Network-based Personal Video Recorder

NRSS Network Renewable Security Standard

NRTC National Rural Telecommunications Cooperative

nRTP Non Real-time Transport Protocol

nrtPS Non-Real Time Polling Service

NRVC Noise Reduction Video Compression

NRZ NonReturn to Zero

ns Nanosecond

NSI Network Side Interface

NSP Network Service Provider

NTIA National Telecommunications and Information Administration

NTP Network Time Protocol

NTS Near Term Storage

NTSC National Television System Committee

NTSC National Television System Committee

NVM Non-Volatile Memory

NVOD Near Video-On-Demand

NW Network


159


O/E Optical Signal-to-Electrical Signal Conversion

OADM Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer

OAM Operations, Administration, & Maintenance

OAM&P Operations, Administration, Maintenance & Provisioning

OCAP OpenCable™ Application Platform

OC-CC OpenCable™ CableCARD™

OC-CFR OpenCable™ - Core Functional Requirements

OCn Optical Carrier (level)

OCSP Online Certificate Status Protocol

OCST Office of Cable Signal Theft

OC-x Optical Carrier (level)

ODA Outlet Digital Adapter

ODRL Open Digital Rights Language

OE Optical Ethernet

O-E Optical-Electrical

OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer

O-E-O Optical-to-Electrical-to-Optical

OEPL Optical Ethernet Private Line

OEPLAN Optical Ethernet Private Local Area Network

OEVPL Optical Ethernet Virtual Private Line

OEV PLAN

Optical Ethernet Virtual Private Local Area Network

OFC Optical Fiber Communication

OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

OH Overhead

OIU Organizationally Unique Identifier

OJT On-The-Job Training

OLT Optical Line Terminal

OM Out of Band Modulator

OMA Open Mobile Alliance

OMG Object Management Group

ONDS Optical Node Distribution Switch

ONT Optical Network Termination

OOB Out-of-Band

OOK On-Off-Keying

OOO Optical-Optical-Optical

OpEx Operations Expenditure

OpLT Optical Line Termination

OpTN Optical Transport Network

ORX Optical Receiver

OS Operating System

OSA Open Service Access

OSC Optical Supervisory Channel

OSD On-Screen Display

OSGi Open Services Gateway Initiative

OSI Open Systems Interconnect

OSMINE Operations Systems Modification for the Integration of Network Elements

OSNR Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio

OSP Outside Plant

OSPF Open Shortest Path First

OSS Operational Support System

OSSI OSS Interface

OSW Optical Switch

OTDR Optical Time Domain Reflectometer

OTN Optical Transition Node

OTU-N Optical Transport Unit

OTX Optical Transmitter

OUI Organizationally Unique Identifier

OWG OnRamp Working Group

OXC Optical Cross Connect

P2P Peer to Peer

P2P Point to Point

PACM Provisioning, Activation, Configuration & Management

PAL Phase Alternating Line

PAN Personal Area Network

PAR Project Authorization Request

PARM Parameter

PAT Port Address Termination

PAT Program Association Table

PBIA Personal Broadband Industry Association

PBP Personal Basis Profile

PBR Policy Based Routing

PBX Private Branch Exchange

PC PacketCable™

PC Personal Computer

PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect

PCM Pulse Code Modulation

PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card

PCMM PacketCable™ Multimedia

PCR Peak Cell Rate

PCR Program Clock Reference

PCS Personal Communications System

P-CSCF Proxy-Call State/Session Control(ler) Function

PDA Personal Digital Assistant

PDD Post-dial Delay

PDF Policy Distribution Function

PDF Probability Density Function

PDG Packet Data Gateway

PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy

PDI Path Defect Indicator

PDL Polarization Dependent Loss

PDP Policy Decision Point

PDU Protocol Data Unit

PDW Polarization Dependent Wavelength

PEG Public, Education, Government

PEP Policy Enforcement Point

PER Packet Error Rate

PES Packetized Elementary Stream

PESQ Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality

PHB Per-hop Behavior

PHS Payload Header Suppression

PHY Physical (layer)

PID Packet Identifier

PID Program Identifier

PIM Protocol Independent Multicast

PIM-SM Protocol Independent Multicast – Sparse Mode

PIN Personal Identification Number

PIN Positive-Intrinsic-Negative

PING Packet Internet Gopher

PIP Picture In Picture

PKI Public Key Infrastructure

PKT Packet

PL Packet Loss

PLC Packet Loss Concealment

PLC Powerline Communications

PLMN Public Land Mobile Network

PLT Powerline Telecommunications

PM Performance Monitoring

PMB Permanent Message Buffer

PMD Polarization Mode Dispersion

PMI Packet Multiplex Interface

PMK Pairwise Master Key

PML Packet Multiplex Link

PMP Point to MultiPoint

PMT Program Map Table

PN Program Number

PNA Phone Network Alliance

PO Purchase Order

POD Point of Deployment

POH Path Overhead

PON Passive Optical Network

POP Point Of Presence

POP3 Post Office Protocol 3

POS Packet Over SONET

POTS Plain Old Telephone Service

POTS Plain Old Telephone System

PPD Post-pickup Delay

PPE Programmable Processing Element

PPP Point-to-Point Protocol

PPPoA PPP over ATM

PPPoE Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet

PPT Power Passing Tap

PPTP Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol

PPV Pay per View

PRBS Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence

PRBS Pseudo-Random Bits Stream

PRCF Positioning Radio Coordination Function

PRI Primary Rate Interface

PRM Polarization Recovery Module

PRNG Pseudo Random Number Generators

PRV Privacy

PS Policy Server

PS Portal Services

PS Power Supply

PS Provisioning Server

PSA PacketCable Service Agreement

PSI Program Specific Information

PSIP Program & System Information Protocol

PSK Phase Shift Keying

PSK PreShared Key

PSNR Peak Signal to Noise Ratio

PSP Packet Streaming Protocol

PSP Packet Success Probability

PSQ Packet Streaming Queue

PSQM Perceptual Spec Quality Measurement

PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network

PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network

PTK Pairwise Temporal Key

PTS Program Transport Stream

PTT Postal, Telegraph & Telephone

PTV PowerTV

PVC Permanent Virtual Circuit

PVC Private Virtual Circuit

PVR Personal Video Recorder

PWE3 Pseudo-Wire End-to-End Working Group

QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

QBP QoS Boundary Point

QCC QoS Characteristics Management Client

QCS QoS Characteristics Management Server

QEF Quasi-Error Free

QFM QoS prioritized Forwarding and Media Access

QL Quantization Level

QL/BR Quantization Level/Bit Rate

QLP Quantization Level Processor

QoE Quality of Experience

QOS Quality of Service

QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

R&D Research and Development

R.H. Relative Humidity

RACF Resource Access Control Facility

RACS Resource & Admission Control Function(s)

RADD Remote Addressable DANIS/DLS

RADIUS Remote Authentication Dial-in User Service

RAID Redundant Array Of Inexpensive Disks

RAM Random Access Memory

RAN Radio Access Network

RAP Regional Access Point

RAP Resource Allocation Protocol

RARP Reverse Address Resolution Protocol

RBOC Regional Bell Operating Company

RBW Resolution Bandwidth

RCA Root Cause Analysis

RCV Receiver

RDI Remote Defect Indicator

ReTP Real Time Protocol

ReCOM Rear-Chassis Output Module

REL Rights Expression Language

REQ Request

ResApp Resident Application

RF Radio Frequency

RFC Request for Comment

RFP Request for Proposal

RG Residential Gateway

RIAA Recording Industry Association of America

RIM Rear-Chassis Input Module

RIN Relative Intensity Noise



160

RIP Routing Information Protocol

RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computer

RJ Registered Jack

RKS Record-Keeping Server

RM Resource Manager

RMS Root Mean Square

RMX Remux

RNOC Regional Network Operations Center

RO Read Only

ROADM Re-configurable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexing

ROAP Rights Object Acquisition Protocol

ROB Return on Bandwidth

ROI Return on Investment

ROM Read Only Memory

RPD Return Path Demodulator

RPM Revolutions per Minute

RPR Resilient Packet Ring

RS Reed-Solomon

RSA Reed-Solomon Association

RSA Rivest-Shawir-Adleman (crypto algorithm)

RSM Remote Satellite Modulator

RSU Resynchronization Software Utility

RSVP Resource reSerVation Protocol

RSVP-TE

Resource Reservation Protocol with Traffic Engineering

RT Real Time

RTI Real Time Ingest

RTN Regional Transport Network

RTOS Real Time Operating System

RTP Real-time Transport Protocol

RTSP Real Time Streaming Protocol

RTT Round-trip Time

RU Rack Unit

RW Rewind

RX Receiver

RZ Return to Zero

RZ-DPSK Return to Zero Differential Phase Shift keying

s.f. Square Foot

S/I Signal-to-Interference Ratio

S/IMP Signal-to-Impulse Ratio

S/N Signal-to-Noise Ratio

SAC Subscriber Authorization Center

SAG Synthetic Analog Gateway

SAN Storage Area Network

SAP Secondary Audio Program

SAP Service Access Point

SARA Scientific-Atlanta Resident Application

SAS Subscriber Authorization System

SATA Serial Advanced Technology Attachment

SAW Surface Acoustic Wave

SB Switched Broadcast

SBC Switched Broadcast Client

SBCA Satellite Broadcasting Communication Association

SBM Switched Broadcast Manager

SBS Stimulated Brilliouin Scattering

SBS Switched Broadcast Server

SBV Switched Broadcast Video

SBW Signal Bandwidth

SC/APC Standard Connector/Angled Physical Contact

SCADA Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition

S-CDMA Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access

SCE Single Channel Encoder

SCM Stored Content Manager

SCM Sub-Carrier Multiplexing

SCMS Serial Copy Management System

SCN Service Class Name

SCN Shared Content Network

SCO Synchronous Connection Oriented

SCP Service Control Platform

SCPC Single Channel Per Carrier

SCR Silicon Controlled Rectifier

SCS Service Capability Server

s-CSCF Serving-Call State/Session Control(ler) Function

SCSI Small Computer System Interface

SCTE Society of Cable Telecommunications Engineers

SD Standard Definition

SDB Switched Digital Broadast

SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

SDI Serial Digital Interface

SDIO Secure Digital Input/Output

SDK Software Development Kit

SDL Simple DirectMedia Layer

SDM SmartStream Device Manager

SDMH Severely Degraded Modem Hours

SDMI Secure Digital Music Initiative

SDP Session Description Protocol

SDPF Service Policy Decision Function

SDRAM Synchronous Direct Random Access Memory

SDTV Standard Definition Television

SDV Switched Digital Video

SDVOD Standard Definition Video-on-Demand

SE Single Encoder

SEM SmartStream Encryptor Modulator

SEP Simulcast Edge Processor

SeRTP Sequenced Routing Table Protocol

SERDES Serializer/Deserializer

SES Severely Errored Seconds

SF Service Flow

SF SuperFrame

SFID Service Flow Identifier

SFP Small Form-factor Pluggable

SG Service Group

SG Signaling Gateway

SGC Signaling Gateway

SGW Security GateWay

SHA-1 Secure Hash Algorithm 1

SHDB Switched High-Definition Digital Broadcast

SI System Information

SIC Standard Industrial Classification

SID AMOL

Source Identification – Automatic Measurement of Lineups

SID Service Identifier

SIFS Shortest InterFrame Space

SIM Subscriber Identity Module

SIP Session Initiation Protocol

SISO Single-Input Single-Output

SIT Splice Information Table

SL Sync Layer

SLA Service Level Agreement

SLC Shorten Last Codeword

SLIC Subscriber Line Interface Card

SLM Signal Level Meter

SM Single Mode

SMB Small & Medium Business

SME Small &Medium Enterprise

SMF Single Mode Fiber

SMPTE Society of Motion Picture & Television Engineers

SMS Service Management System

S-MTA Standalone Multimedia Terminal Adaptor

SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

SNG Satellite News Gathering

SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol

SNR Signal-to-Noise Ratio

SOA Semiconductor Optical Amplifier

SOAP Simple Object Access Protocol

SoC Systems on a Chip

S-OFDM Scalable Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

SOH State of Health

SOHO Small Office/Home Office

SONET Synchronous Optical Network

SP Service Provider

SPAN Services & Protocols for Advanced Networks

SPDF Synchronous Piggybacked Data Flow

SPDIF Sony/Philips Digital Interface

SPE Synchronous Payload Envelope

SPIT SPAM over IP Telephony

SpIM Splice Information Message

SPM Self phase Modulation

SPP Serial Port Profile

SPTS Single Program Transport Stream

SQL Structured Query Language

SR Satellite Receiver

SR Switch Router

SRAM Static Random Access Memory

SRM System Resource Manager

SRS Stimulated Raman Scattering

SRTP Secure Real-time Transport Protocol

SRUP Sequenced Routing Update Protocol

SS7 Signaling System number 7

SSB Single Sideband

SSD Solid State Disk

SSH Secure Shell

SSI Synchronous Serial Interface

SSL Secure Sockets Layer

SSM Source Specific Multicast

SSMF Standard Single Mode Fiber

SSP Session Setup Protocol

STAMP Set-top Applications & Middleware Platform

STB Set-Top Box

STG Subscriber Telephony Gateway

STL Studio-to-Transmitter Link

STM Synchronous Transport Module

STP Spanning Tree Protocol

STS Synchronous Transport Signal

STT Set-top Terminal

STT System Time Table

STTD Space Time Transmit Diversity

STUN Simple Transversal of UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

SU Subscriber Unit

SUT System Under Test

SVOD Subscription Video on Demand

SVP Secure Video Processor

SW Software

SX Short Reach as in 1000Base-SX

SYNC Synchronization Profile

SYSLOG System Log

SYST System Integration & Test

T1 A Telecommunications Standard Committee T1

TAM Tier Addressed Message

TB Terabyte

TBD To Be Determined

Tbps Terabits per Second

TC Transmission Convergence

TCAP Transaction Capabilities Application Part

TCM Tandem Connection Monitoring

TCM Trellis Coded Modulation

TCO Total Cost of Ownership

TCP Transmission Control Protocol

TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

TDD Time Division Duplex

TDM Time Division Multiplexing

TDMA Time Division Multiple Access

TDMoIP Time Division Multiplexing over Internet Protocol

TDT Time & Date Table

TEC Triggered Event Command

TELR Talker Echo Loudness Rating

TFC Tunable Filter Chip

TFF hin Film Filter

TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol

TGCP Trunking Gateway Control Protocol

TGS Ticket Granting Server

THz Terahertz

TIA Telecommunication Industry Association

TIA Trans Impedance Amplifier

TIPHON Telecommunications & Internet Protocol Harmonization Over Networks

TISPAN Telecom & Internet Services & Protocols for Advanced Networks

TKIP Temporal Key Integrity Protocol

TL1 Transaction Language One


161


TLS Transparent LAN Service

TLS Transport Layer Security

TLV Type, Length, Value

TMX Transport Multiplexer

TN Transit Node

TNCS Transmission Network Control System

TOADM Tunable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer

TOD Television on Demand

ToD Time of Day

TOS Theft of Service

TOS Type of Service

TP Transport Processor

TPL TDM Private Line

TPS Transport Parameter Signaling

TR Technical Reference

TRI Telephony Return Interface

TRP Target Rating Points

tRTO TCP Retransmit Timeout

TSI Time Slot Interchange

TSID Transport Stream Identifier

TSP Television Service Processor

T-SPEC Traffic SPECification

TSR Technical Service Representative

TSS Telephony Switching Sub-System

TTL Time-to-Live

TTLS Tunnel Transparent Layer Security

TTS Text To Speech

TURN Traversal Using Relay NAT (Network Address Translation)

TV Television

TVCT Terrestrial Virtual Channel Table

TVOD Television on Demand

TWC Time Warner Cable

TX Transmit

TXOP Transmission Opportunity

U/S Upstream

UA User Agent

U-ASPD Unscheduled - Automatic Power Save Delivery

UBR Unspecified Bit Rate

UCC Upstream Channel Change

UCD Upstream Channel Descriptor

UCID Upstream Channel Identifier

UCS Uplink Control System

UDDI Universal Description, Discover & Integration

UDLR Uni-Directional Link Routing

UDP User Datagram Protocol

UDP/IP User Datagram Protocol/Internet Protocol

UDSL Unidirectional Digital Subscriber Line

UDWDM Ultra Dense Wave Division Multiplex

UEQ Universal Edge QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation)

UGS Unsolicited Grant Service

UGS/AD

UGS with Activity Detection

UHF Ultra High Frequency

UI User Interface

UKL Unit Key List

UMA Unlicensed Mobile Access

UML Unified Modeling Language

UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System

UNE Unbundled Network Element

UNE-P Unbundled Network Element - Platform

UNI User Network Interface

U-NII Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure

UPA Usability Professionals’ Association

UPrS Uplink Product Support

UPnP Universal Plug & Play

UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply

URI Uniform Resource Identifier

URL Uniform Resource Locator

US Upstream

USB Universal Serial Bus

USF Universal Service Fund

USM User-based Security Model

UTI Universal Transport Interface

UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair

UWB Ultra Wideband

V Voltage

V/A Video/Audio

VAC Volts Alternating Current

VAD Voice Activity Detection

VAG Voice Access Gateway

VBI Vertical Blanking Interval

VBR Variable Bit Rate

VBR-NRT

Variable Bit Rate – Non-Real Time

VBR-RT Variable Bit Rate – Real Time

VC Virtual Channel

VC-1 Video Compression (Coding) 1 (Formerly VC-9--Soon to be VCAT)

VCAT Virtual Concatenation

VCI Virtual Channel Identifier

VCM Variable Coding & Modulation

VCM Virtual Channel Map

VCO Virtual Channel Override

VCO Voltage Cut Off

VCR Video Cassette Recorder

VCT Virtual Channel Table

VDC Volts Direct Current

VDLM Virtual Data Line Monitor

VDSL Very High-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line

VDT Video Dial Tone

VER Virtual Ethernet Ring

VF Voice Frequency

VHF Very High Frequency

VHS Video Home System

VLAN Virtual Local Area Network

VLL Virtual Leased Line

VLR Visitor Location Register

VM Virtual Machine

VN Voltage Null

VOD Video on Demand

VoDSL Video over Digital Subscriber Line

VoIP Voice over Internet Protocol

VoWi-Fi Voice over Wi-Fi

VP Voltage Peak

VPI Virtual Path Identifier

VPL Virtual Private Line

VPLS Virtual Private LAN Service

VPN Virtual Private Network

VPWS Virtual Private Wire Service

VQ Vector Quantization

VRF Virtual Routing & Forwarding Tables

VRN Video-Rich Navigation

VRNAV Video-Rich Navigation Audio/Visual

VRTX Virtual Real-Time Extension

VS Video Server

VSA Vector Signal Analyzer

VSAT Very Small Aperture Terminal

VSB Vestigial Sideband

VT Virtual Tributary

VTS Video Transport Service

WAN Wide Area Network

WCD Wideband Channel Descriptor

WCDMA Wireless Code Division Multiple Access

WCM Wideband Cable Modem

WCMTS Wideband Cable Modem Termination System

WDM Wave Division Multiplex

WECA Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance

WEP Wired Equivalent Privacy

WFA Workforce Automation

WFM Workforce Management

WiFi Wireless Fidelity

WiMax Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

WiMedia An alliance for Wireless Multimedia

WIP Work in Process

WLAN Wireless Local Area Network

WM Wave Multiplexing or Wave Mixing

WM9 Windows Media Player, version 9

WMAN Wireless Metropolitan Area Network

WME Wireless Multimedia Extension

WMM Wi-Fi MultiMedia

WMM-SA

Wi-Fi MultiMedia Standards Association/Alliance

WOFDM Wavelet Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

WPA Wireless (Wi-Fi) Protected Access

WPA-FSK

Wireless (Wi-Fi) Protected Access with Pre-Shared Key

WPAN Wireless Personal Area Network

WPE

WRED

Wireless Plant Extension

Weighted Random Early Detection

WSDL Web Services Definition Language

WSS Wavelength Selective Switch

WWAN Wireless Wide area Network

WWDM Wide WDM

XAUI 10 Gigabit Ethernet Attachment Unit Interface

xDSL Any variant of the Digital Subscriber Line technology

XENPAK Fiber Optic Transceiver Module conforming to 10GigE Standard

XFP 10-Gigabit Small Form-factor Pluggable

xHTML Extensible Hypertext Markup Language

XMI

XML

Metadata

Interchange

XML Extensible Markup language

XMOD Cross Modulation

xOD X-service on Demand (i.e., Movies on Demand)

xoIP Anything Over Internet Protocol

XPM Cross-Phase Modulation

xPON X version of Passive Optical Network

xVOD X version (or form) of Video on Demand (i.e., Subscription, Near, etc.)

xWDM Non-specific form of Wave Multiplex

y/y Year Over Year

ZWP Zero Water Peak

ZWPF Zero Water Peak Fiber



162

Additional ReadingFor more information, check these publications:

Cable Television By: William Grant (text book) Society of Cable Television Engineers, Inc. 140 Philips Road Exton, PA 19341-1318 Phone: 610-363-6888 Fax: 610-363-5898

Wireless Cable and SMATV By: Steve Berkhoff and Frank Baylin Baylin Publications (paperback) 1905 Mariposa Boulder, CO 80302 Phone: 303-449-4551 Fax: 303-939-8720 Website Listings

Web Listingswww.blondertongue.com Reference, Productswww.antennaweb.org Ben Sexton - Off-Air Productswww.fcc.gov Federal Communications Commission - CATV Ruleswww.acronyms.silmaril.ie/cgi-bin/uncgi/acronyms Acronym Searchwww.lyngsat.com Satellite Informationwww.satsig.net Satellite Signals Information - Internet Servicewww.satellite-calculations.com Online Satellite Calculationswww.geo-orbit.org Satellite Lookupwww.satnews.com Glossarywww.scte.org Society of Cable Television Engineers

Blonder Tongue Technical SolutionsBlonder Tongue Technical Solutions Group (TSG) provides our customers with the information and services they need to deliver exceptional cable television (analog to the digital applications) and broadband services: Telephone Technical Support (Product Information & Troubleshooting), System Design Engineering, On-Site Field Support, Headend Site Survey, Maintenance Visits to Monitor Performance, Complete System Verification Testing, On-Site Service Contracts. The fees for these services are based on the complexity of the system. Please call us at 800-523-6049 ext. 4217 or email [email protected].

TSG Training SeminarsAll seminars are technically-oriented and are not intended to be a product sales promotion. Instructors are staffed by Blonder Tongue’s own Technical Solutions Group. Course content includes system theory, design engineering, product applications and hands-on equipment instruction. Attendees range from Installers, Engineers, Consultants, AV Specifiers & Administrators, Distributor Sales & Service Personnel. Sponsor your own Blonder Tongue Technical Training Seminar of 15 or more at your facility by calling us at 800-523-6049 ext. 4261

Additional Reading and Web Listings

http://www.blondertongue.com

One Jake Brown Road Old Bridge, NJ 08857-1000 USA

(800) 523-6049 • FAX: (732) 679-4353 www.blondertongue.com

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