Britain fighting her grown Britain fighting her grown childchild

Tar and Feathering

The Boston Massacre The Boston Massacre ((March 5,1770March 5,1770))

Committees Committees of Correspondenceof CorrespondenceSamuel Adams Samuel Adams Master propagandist Master propagandist

PurposePurpose warn neighboring colonies warn neighboring colonies about incidents with Britain. about incidents with Britain. *Committees of Correspondence*Committees of Correspondence

broaden the resistance broaden the resistance movement. movement.

Inter-colonial committees Inter-colonial committees led by VA flourished throughout the led by VA flourished throughout the colonies = favor of united action.colonies = favor of united action.

Boston Tea Party Boston Tea Party (1773)(1773)

The Coercive or The Coercive or IntolerableIntolerable

Acts Acts (1774)(1774)

Lord NorthLord North

1.1. Boston Port Act Boston Port Act

2.2. Government Act Government Act (Restriction on (Restriction on Meetings)Meetings)

4.4. Administration of Administration of Justice Act (change of Justice Act (change of venue for officials)venue for officials)

3.3. New Quartering New Quartering Act Act

The Quebec Act The Quebec Act (1774)(1774)

First Continental Congress First Continental Congress (Sept. to Oct. 1774)(Sept. to Oct. 1774)

55 delegates from 12 55 delegates from 12 colonies (no GA)colonies (no GA)

1.1. AgendaAgenda How to How to respond to the respond to the Coercive Acts & the Coercive Acts & the Quebec Act?Quebec Act?

2.2. Consultative BodyConsultative Body

3.3. Declaration of Declaration of RightsRights11 vote per colony vote per colony represented.represented.

The British Are The British Are Coming Coming . . .. . .

Paul ReverePaul Revere & & William DawesWilliam Dawes make make their midnight ride to warn the their midnight ride to warn the

MinutemenMinutemen of approaching British of approaching British soldiers.soldiers.

The Shot Heard The Shot Heard ’’Round the WorldRound the World!!

LexingtonLexington & & ConcordConcord – April – April 18,177518,1775

Who had the advantage???Who had the advantage???

British Strengths and Weaknesses

American Pluses and Minuses

• +Bigger population, larger military, more wealth

• +German Mercenaries for hire, and loyalists/Indians in the colonies.

• -Issues w/Ireland & France• -London Govt. was inept• -Support in London waned• -Generals 2nd rate, provisions

bad• -Fighting 3,000 miles away• -No urban nerve center to attack• -Population in colonies still

booming

• +Outstanding leadership (Washington, Franklin)

• +French Aid (Marquis de Lafayette)

• +Fighting defensively• +Colonies self-sustained with food• +Fighting for Just Cause• -Badly organized, lack of unity• -Sovereign states resented

Congress• -”Continental” paper money mess• -Not well-armed, no gun factories• -Profiteers helped the British

Free Blacks in the WarFree Blacks in the War

• 5,000 blacks fought, mostly from North

• Also served on the British Side.

• “Lord Dunmore’s Ethiopian Regiment” – escaped slaves

• Black Loyalists to Nova Scotia, Jamaica and England

• Heroes at Trenton, Brandywine, and Saratoga

APUSH - Mr. ButtellAPUSH - Mr. ButtellWest Broward High SchoolWest Broward High School

The Second The Second Continental Continental

CongressCongress(May,1775)(May,1775)

Olive Branch Olive Branch PetitionPetition

Bunker Hill (June, 1775)Bunker Hill (June, 1775)

The British suffered over 40% casualties.

Thomas PaineThomas Paine: : Common Common Sense - republicanismSense - republicanism

Declaration of Declaration of Independence Independence (1776)(1776)

Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence

Independence HallIndependence Hall

Phase IPhase I:: The Northern The Northern CampaignCampaign[1775-1776][1775-1776]

LoyalistLoyalist

StrongholdStrongholdss

WashingtonWashington’’s Headachess Headaches

Only 1/3 of the colonists were in favor of a war for independence [the other third were Loyalists, and the final third were neutral].

State/colony loyalties.

Congress couldn’t tax to raise money for the Continental Army.

Poor training [until the arrival of Baron von Steuben (winter 1777).

Military StrategiesMilitary Strategies

Attrition [the Brits had a long supply line].

Guerilla tactics [fight an insurgent war you don’t have to win a battle, just wear the British down]

Make an alliance with one of Britain’s enemies.

The American

s

The British

Break the colonies in half by getting between the No. & the So.

Blockade the ports to prevent the flow of goods and supplies from an ally.

“Divide and Conquer” use the Loyalists.

New York City in FlamesNew York City in Flames(1776)(1776)

After the defeat at Long Island, Washington retreats back to Valley Forge

Washington Crossing the Washington Crossing the DelawareDelaware

Painted by Emanuel Leutze, 1851

New Jersey Campaigns

• Dec. 26, 1776 surprise attack on the Hessians at Trenton, NJ

• Week later, attack on small British force at Princeton, NJ

• “Old Fox” Washington at his best, sets up winter camp in Morristown, NJ

Phase IIPhase II::

NY & PANY & PA[1777-1778][1777-1778]

Von Steuben Von Steuben arrives after arrives after Washington Washington

defeatdefeat

Saratoga: Saratoga: ““Turning Turning PointPoint”” of the War? of the War?

A modern-day re-enactment

Phase IIIPhase III:: The Southern Strategy The Southern Strategy [1780-1781][1780-1781]

Britain thought that there were more Loyalists in the South.

Southern resources were more valuable/worth preserving.

The British win a number of small victories, but cannot pacify the countryside [similar to U. S. failures in Vietnam!]

Good US General:Nathanial Greene

The Battle of Yorktown The Battle of Yorktown (1781)(1781)

Count de Rochambeau

French army of 6,000 to R.I.

AdmiralDe Grasse

CornwallisCornwallis’’ Surrender at Surrender at Yorktown:Yorktown:

Painted by John Trumbull, 1797

““The World Turned Upside The World Turned Upside Down! Down!””

North America After theNorth America After theTreaty of Paris, 1783Treaty of Paris, 1783

Reconciliation

The Reconciliation between Britannia and her Daughter America

Sore Loser

• “Knavery seems to be so much the striking feature of its inhabitants, that it may not in the end be an evil that they become aliens to this kingdom.”– King George III