brief introduction to the theory of evolution
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Brief Introduction to the Theory of Evolution. Anders Gorm Pedersen Molecular Evolution Group Center for Biological Sequence Analysis [email protected]. Classification: Linnaeus. Carl Linnaeus 1707-1778. Classification: Linnaeus. Hierarchical system Kingdom(Rige) Phylum(Række) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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the Theory of Evolution
Anders Gorm PedersenAnders Gorm Pedersen
Molecular Evolution GroupMolecular Evolution Group
Center for Biological Sequence AnalysisCenter for Biological Sequence Analysis
[email protected]@cbs.dtu.dk
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Classification: Linnaeus
Carl LinnaeusCarl Linnaeus1707-17781707-1778
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Classification: Linnaeus
• Hierarchical systemHierarchical system
– KingdomKingdom(Rige)(Rige)– PhylumPhylum (Række)(Række)– ClassClass (Klasse)(Klasse)– OrderOrder (Orden)(Orden)– FamilyFamily (Familie)(Familie)– GenusGenus (Slægt)(Slægt)– SpeciesSpecies (Art)(Art)
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Classification depicted as a tree
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Classification depicted as a tree
SpeciesSpecies GenusGenus FamilyFamily OrderOrder ClassClass
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Theory of evolution
Charles DarwinCharles Darwin1809-18821809-1882
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Phylogenetic basis of systematics
• LinnaeusLinnaeus: : Ordering principle is God.Ordering principle is God.
• DarwinDarwin: : Ordering principle is shared Ordering principle is shared descent from common ancestors.descent from common ancestors.
• Today, systematics is explicitly Today, systematics is explicitly based on phylogeny.based on phylogeny.
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Darwin’s four postulates
I.I. More young are produced each generation than can More young are produced each generation than can survive to reproduce.survive to reproduce.
II.II. Individuals in a population vary in their characteristics.Individuals in a population vary in their characteristics.III.III. Some differences among individuals are based on genetic Some differences among individuals are based on genetic
differences.differences.IV.IV. Individuals with favorable characteristics have higher Individuals with favorable characteristics have higher
rates of survival and reproduction.rates of survival and reproduction.
Evolution by means of natural selectionEvolution by means of natural selection Presence of ”design-like” features in organisms:Presence of ”design-like” features in organisms:
quite often features are there “for a reason”quite often features are there “for a reason”
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Theory of evolution as the basis of biological understanding
”Nothing in biology makes sense, except in the light of evolution.
Without that light it becomes a pile of sundry facts - some of them interesting or curious but making no meaningful picture as a whole”
T. Dobzhansky