Fungicides

evaluation in paint.

Here are three fungicides for

evaluation in paint

formulations.

Copper 8-Quinolinolate Effective in emulsions Registered fungicide EPA #18533-11 EPA accepted for use in paint

8-Quinolinol Benzoate Water and oil soluble Registered fungicide EPA #18533-10 Under evaluation for registration

for use in paint

8-Quinolinol Citrate Water soluble Registered fungicide EPA #18533-9 Under evaluation for registration

for use in paint

Send the coupon today for more information, or write us direct.

Ashland Chemical Company Fine Chemicals Dept. F P.O. Box 2219, Columbus, Ohio 43216 Tell me about Ashland's quinolinol fungicides.

• Send me more information. D Send samples (letterhead please).

NAME

TITLE

COMPANY

ADDRESS

CITY

STATE ZIP

Ashland,

Ashland Chemical Companq DIVISION OF ASHLANO OIL.INC.

CIRCLE 68 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Breeder reactor safety problems considered Commercial nuclear breeder reactors still may be some years away, but potential safety problems are already here. A pre­view of how those problems will be tackled was presented early this month in Chicago at an International Meeting on Fast Re­actor Safety and Related Physics.

The meeting, under joint sponsorship of the American Nuclear Society and the European Nuclear Society, suggested that breeder reactor safety is inherently more difficult to achieve than with present-day reactors. However, breeder safety is con­sidered not only possible but well within present technical capabilities.

There is unanimity that accident pre­vention is the first line of defense and that accident containment is necessary as the first backup. But there is strong debate over which containment schemes are best. Underlying that debate is the necessity to consider each reactor and its site as unique in many respects. For example, one thing that always vexes designers is predicting seismic disturbances that could cause a core upset, generally considered to be the ultimate accident.

In discussing the British breeder pro­gram, U.K. representatives noted that an inherent feature of fast breeder reactors is that as a matter of design the core is not in its most reactive configuration. Thus, a rapid change in core geometry in certain circumstances could give rise to an ex­plosive release of energy, probably the result of rapid vaporization of fuel and reactor components caused by unregu­lated heating in the core. Containing such an explosion is one of the chief problems of safety designers.

The West German breeder now under construction at Kalkar on the Rhine has a containment system that can withstand a mechanical energy release of 370 Mw-seconds. This specification has become the basis of all future design work in that country. The Japanese concur with such a specification, while noting that current safety designs show a strong tendency to be more conservative than necessary.

But, if designs are conservative, they may not be conservative enough to achieve public acceptance in the U.S. Dr. David Okrent of the University of Cali­fornia, Los Angeles, believes that the re­liability, as based on future accident probability, may not be enough to satisfy a significant body of public opinion that wants absolute proof of safety. He notes that current guidelines for light-water reactors call for a projected accident fre­quency of less than one in a million per year. Even if this is achievable, it may be impossible to demonstrate.

Okrent suggests that, for technical reasons, accident probability for breeders may have to be an order of magnitude less. But no matter what the projected proba­bilities of core upset may be, Okrent doesn't believe that society would accept them without corresponding attention to "societal pressures" such as sabotage. •

NEW required reading

from Waters — the Liquid Chromatography People

New Analysis of Pharmaceutical Products

This new 20-pg. refer­ence describes rapid and economical assay a n d q u a n t i t a t i o n methods for a wide range of drug products. Described are LC sep­arations of cough prep­arations, antibiotics, v i tamins, and t ran­

quilizers, as well as various specialized LC techniques.

CIRCLE 44 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Paired-Ion Chromatography

This new 16-pg. bro­chure describes the technique of Paired-Ion Chromatography, an al­ternative to ion ex­change. PIC™ allows simultaneous analysis of acids, bases, and neutral compounds.

CIRCLE 45 ON READER SERVICE CARD

New Detectors Brochure

Considerations for the choice of a LC detec­tion system for specific applications are dis­cussed in detail. The capab i l i t i e s of the Model 440 UV/Visible Absorbance Detector and 400 Series Differ­ential Refractometers

are discussed in relation to specific applica­tions.

CIRCLE 46 ON READER SERVICE CARD

free from

145 Maple Street, Milford, Ma 01757 Telephone (617)478-2000

The Liquid Chromatography People

Oct. 18, 1976 C&EN 41

WATERS A S S O C I A T E S

Oct. 18, 1976 C&EN 41