break the vicious circle of disasters: from living in risk to living with risk

BREAK THE VICIOUS CIRCLE BREAK THE VICIOUS CIRCLE OF DISASTERS: FROM OF DISASTERS: FROM LIVING IN RISK TO LIVING LIVING IN RISK TO LIVING WITH RISKWITH RISK

Post Disaster Needs Assessment - Post Disaster Needs Assessment - PDNAPDNA What is it?What is it?Why do we need it?Why do we need it?What does it aim at doing?What does it aim at doing?How can we see if it is feasible?How can we see if it is feasible?

ECLAC/BCPR - Ricardo Zapata 2PDNA

The increasing concern on properly assessing The increasing concern on properly assessing human/social needs: the human faces of post-conflict human/social needs: the human faces of post-conflict and post disaster pose more than a methodological and post disaster pose more than a methodological

challengechallenge


The PDNAThe PDNA1.1. A process, a framework for coordination and cooperation and A process, a framework for coordination and cooperation and

a tool for integrated post disaster assessmenta tool for integrated post disaster assessment2.2. ECLAC’s experience: an analytical tool to determine damage ECLAC’s experience: an analytical tool to determine damage

and lossesand losses3.3. A systemic, integrated approach that moves from early to A systemic, integrated approach that moves from early to

longer term needs to recovery and reconstructionlonger term needs to recovery and reconstruction4.4. An cooperative effort that encompasses the UN system’s An cooperative effort that encompasses the UN system’s

agencies knowledge and experienceagencies knowledge and experience5.5. The specific need of post disaster early recovery needs The specific need of post disaster early recovery needs

assessment. How response can lead to resilience and assessment. How response can lead to resilience and sustainabilitysustainability

6.6. A tool for increased capacity to respond at the country level: A tool for increased capacity to respond at the country level: • Government capacity building and strengthening pre-disaster Government capacity building and strengthening pre-disaster

recovery preparationrecovery preparation• International donors, financial institutions and UN country team’s International donors, financial institutions and UN country team’s

pre-positioning to ensure prompt coordinated actionpre-positioning to ensure prompt coordinated action


Synergies are starting to happenSynergies are starting to happen Collaboration in the field: REDLAC, UNETTCollaboration in the field: REDLAC, UNETT Concrete examples of collaboration:Concrete examples of collaboration:

ILO/FAO development of a livelihood ILO/FAO development of a livelihood assessment methodology that fits into a PDNA assessment methodology that fits into a PDNA processprocess

UN-HABITAT development of a rapid needs UN-HABITAT development of a rapid needs assessmentassessment

Try/rehearseal of developing methodologies in a Try/rehearseal of developing methodologies in a specicif case: the Bolivia El Niño 2007 specicif case: the Bolivia El Niño 2007 assessmentassessment

Synergy with IFIs (IDB in LAC, WB ongoing work Synergy with IFIs (IDB in LAC, WB ongoing work and framework for WB/UN joint post-disaster and framework for WB/UN joint post-disaster assessment)assessment)


PDNA for Recovery PDNA for Recovery (visit the google group)(visit the google group)

This development of a PDNA is seen as a three-This development of a PDNA is seen as a three-staged process: staged process:

- A stocktaking exercise (being completed at A stocktaking exercise (being completed at present)present)

- Analysis of the similarities, potential Analysis of the similarities, potential overlapping and gaps (as derived from overlapping and gaps (as derived from stocktaking exercise)stocktaking exercise)

- Proposal of guidelines and tools for their Proposal of guidelines and tools for their harmonization and application in a way that harmonization and application in a way that avoids duplication and proposes integrated avoids duplication and proposes integrated assessment (to be completed by July 2007) assessment (to be completed by July 2007)


The current products of the PDNAThe current products of the PDNA PDNA Project DeliverablesPDNA Project Deliverables Review of post disaster recovery needs assessment methodologies (Deliverable 1)Review of post disaster recovery needs assessment methodologies (Deliverable 1) PDNA Review of needs assessment_ joint draft 2_CB and SK.docPDNA Review of needs assessment_ joint draft 2_CB and SK.doc Annex 4 Table of multisectoral methodologies_Draft 2.xlsAnnex 4 Table of multisectoral methodologies_Draft 2.xls prepared by Christina Bollin and Shivani Khanna. The review includes methodologies and tools used by different stakeholders prepared by Christina Bollin and Shivani Khanna. The review includes methodologies and tools used by different stakeholders

(governments, UN agencies, INGOs, NGOs, etc), especially during recent disasters in Asia and Latin America. Representative (governments, UN agencies, INGOs, NGOs, etc), especially during recent disasters in Asia and Latin America. Representative rather than exhaustive, it maps a number of existing and emerging recovery assessment methodologies. It goes on to review rather than exhaustive, it maps a number of existing and emerging recovery assessment methodologies. It goes on to review experiences, lessons, gaps and trends related to their use and development. These are translated into recommendations for experiences, lessons, gaps and trends related to their use and development. These are translated into recommendations for the development of the PDNA guide.the development of the PDNA guide.

Practical guide to engendering post disaster needs assessment (Deliverable 2)Practical guide to engendering post disaster needs assessment (Deliverable 2) EngenderPDNArev1.docEngenderPDNArev1.doc prepared by Savitri Bisnath. The guide is intended to inform the development of the main PDNA guide (deliverable 2) and prepared by Savitri Bisnath. The guide is intended to inform the development of the main PDNA guide (deliverable 2) and

ensure that the PDNA adequately addresses specific and differential needs and priorities of women and girls as well as men ensure that the PDNA adequately addresses specific and differential needs and priorities of women and girls as well as men and boys from marginalized communitiesand boys from marginalized communities

Guide for Post Disaster Needs Assessment (deliverable 2) Guide for Post Disaster Needs Assessment (deliverable 2) PDNA PRELIM VERSIONrevrzm.doc prepared by Ricardo Zapata. Deliverable 2 is the centre-piece of the PDNA project and is intended as a practical guide to a prepared by Ricardo Zapata. Deliverable 2 is the centre-piece of the PDNA project and is intended as a practical guide to a

coordinated post disaster needs assessment for recovery process from the collection of data on damage and losses; through a coordinated post disaster needs assessment for recovery process from the collection of data on damage and losses; through a consultative process to arrive at a shared conclusion with regard to early as well as longer term recovery needs; to actionable consultative process to arrive at a shared conclusion with regard to early as well as longer term recovery needs; to actionable recommendations for programming and resource mobilization. While the current draft gives much attention to the “what” of a recommendations for programming and resource mobilization. While the current draft gives much attention to the “what” of a PDNA, it is agreed with ECLAC that the “how to” will need much further development in accordance with the objectives of the PDNA, it is agreed with ECLAC that the “how to” will need much further development in accordance with the objectives of the first phase of the PDNA projectfirst phase of the PDNA project

Damage and Loss Assessments / Information Management Component Guides and Toolkit (Deliverable 3):Damage and Loss Assessments / Information Management Component Guides and Toolkit (Deliverable 3): Identification of existing damage and losses information and data management practicesIdentification of existing damage and losses information and data management practices Practical implementation strategy of IM tools as required for PDNAPractical implementation strategy of IM tools as required for PDNA Information requirements for damage and loss assessmentsInformation requirements for damage and loss assessments Presentation: PDNA-Information Management ToolkitPresentation: PDNA-Information Management Toolkit Prepared by Julio Serje identification of existing damage and losses information and data management practices; information Prepared by Julio Serje identification of existing damage and losses information and data management practices; information

requirements for damage and loss assessments; and practical implementation of tools as required for a PDNA. Together requirements for damage and loss assessments; and practical implementation of tools as required for a PDNA. Together with two information management tools under development, these reports represent deliverable 3 of the first phase of the with two information management tools under development, these reports represent deliverable 3 of the first phase of the PDNA project.PDNA project.

http://groups.google.com/group/pdna-for-recovery/web/PDNA%20PRELIM%20VERSIONrevrzm.doc

http://groups.google.com/group/pdna-for-recovery/web/PDNA%20PRELIM%20VERSIONrevrzm.doc


Why a Post-disaster recovery Why a Post-disaster recovery needs assessment process?needs assessment process?1.1. Not a new methodology: building on existing tools Not a new methodology: building on existing tools

and knowledgeand knowledge2.2. Promote coherence, consistency and appropriate Promote coherence, consistency and appropriate

response that leads to recoveryresponse that leads to recovery3.3. Insert in a systemic risk management process as Insert in a systemic risk management process as

part of development agendapart of development agenda4.4. Allow transition from emergency to recovery, Allow transition from emergency to recovery,

recuperation and reconstructionrecuperation and reconstruction5.5. Similar in content to PCNA, to launch joint Similar in content to PCNA, to launch joint

concerted assessment processconcerted assessment process6.6. CAPACITY BUILDING: at the national level within CAPACITY BUILDING: at the national level within

governmental institutions and to the UN country team to governmental institutions and to the UN country team to enable pre-disaster response capabilitiesenable pre-disaster response capabilities


Why a Post-disaster recovery Why a Post-disaster recovery needs assessment process?needs assessment process?

Objectives of the Early Recovery Needs AssessmentObjectives of the Early Recovery Needs Assessment Identify priority programme interventions that facilitate early Identify priority programme interventions that facilitate early

recovery and transition, with involvement of different recovery and transition, with involvement of different stakeholders in a rapid, coordinated manner.stakeholders in a rapid, coordinated manner.

Assess key vulnerabilities and identify how these will be Assess key vulnerabilities and identify how these will be strategically addressed over the short to medium post disaster.strategically addressed over the short to medium post disaster.

Identify and anticipate spontaneous early recovery efforts and Identify and anticipate spontaneous early recovery efforts and devise strategies to accelerate and strengthen local capacities to devise strategies to accelerate and strengthen local capacities to support these.support these.

It is important to get as complete a picture as possible of the It is important to get as complete a picture as possible of the early recovery needs of the different socio-economic, gender, early recovery needs of the different socio-economic, gender, age and minority groups.age and minority groups.

Promote joint capacities and incorporate existing DANAs beyond Promote joint capacities and incorporate existing DANAs beyond the emergency through integrated approach and pre-response the emergency through integrated approach and pre-response agreement on cooperation agreement on cooperation


NATURAL PHENOMENANATURAL PHENOMENA(HAZARD)(HAZARD)

HUMAN ACTIONSHUMAN ACTIONS(VULNERABILITY)(VULNERABILITY)

ENVIRONMEENVIRONMENTNT

CHANGECHANGE(RISK)(RISK)


**

Avoid Avoid improvisationimprovisation

LEVEL OF RISK AND LEVEL OF RISK AND ENSUING NEGATIVE ENSUING NEGATIVE IMPACT IS REDUCEDIMPACT IS REDUCED

POST-POST-DISASTER DISASTER RESPONSERESPONSE

COOPERATION AND COOPERATION AND SYNERGIES TO SYNERGIES TO

ACCELERATE ACCELERATE RECOVERYRECOVERY

DOCUMENT AND VALUE DOCUMENT AND VALUE NEEDS AND RESPONSENEEDS AND RESPONSE

PLAN RECONSTRUCITON PLAN RECONSTRUCITON TO INCREASE RESILIENCE TO INCREASE RESILIENCE

AND REDUCE AND REDUCE VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY

EXPERIENCE IS EXPERIENCE IS NOT FORGOTTEN NOT FORGOTTEN AND EXPERIENCE AND EXPERIENCE

LEADS TO LEADS TO MITIGATION AND MITIGATION AND

ADAPTATIONADAPTATION

BREAK THE VICIOUS CIRCLE OF BREAK THE VICIOUS CIRCLE OF DISASTERSDISASTERSAdapted from Mora, “El impacto de los desastres, aspectos sociales, políticos económicos, ambientales y su relación con el desarrollo de Adapted from Mora, “El impacto de los desastres, aspectos sociales, políticos económicos, ambientales y su relación con el desarrollo de nuestros países (BID/IADB, 1999)nuestros países (BID/IADB, 1999)

DISASTERDISASTER


PCNA and PDNAPCNA and PDNAOverlap and complementaritiesOverlap and complementarities

The difference lies in the root causes of the crisis in a post

disaster and a post crisis scenario

POST DISASTER

POST CONFLICT


International International standards orstandards orDevelopment Development goalsgoals(such as MDGs)(such as MDGs)

Recovery Recovery ObjectivesObjectives

Post disaster Post disaster situationsituation

An additional deficit is created An additional deficit is created from the pre-existing gap from the pre-existing gap between the prevalent between the prevalent situation vis-à-vis the situation vis-à-vis the development goals and the development goals and the emerging recovery objectives.emerging recovery objectives.

NewNewGapGap


BASIC EMERGING NEEDS

Health needs in developing countries

Health needs in crises:The Ocean of needs

Health needs covered by health service provision

Health needsnot covered

EXACERBATED NEEDS

Infectious diseases

ADDITIONAL NEEDS

TraumaPsycho-social needs

Malnutrition

Health needs covered by health service provision

The “Ocean of Needs”The “Ocean of Needs” (illustrated by the health sector)(illustrated by the health sector)


POST POST CONFLICT CONFLICT

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

DALADALAResultsResults

frameworkframework

POST POST DISASTER DISASTER STRATEGYSTRATEGY

DALADALA ResultsResultsframeworkframework

Consensus, Consensus, negotiated negotiated

goalsgoals

Consensus, Consensus, negotiated negotiated

goalsgoals

The Post Conflict process moves from agreed The Post Conflict process moves from agreed objectives to quantification of damages and needs objectives to quantification of damages and needs to obtain results predefined in results frameworkto obtain results predefined in results framework

The Post Disaster process requires an assessment of damages, The Post Disaster process requires an assessment of damages, losses and needs to define a recovery/reconstruction strategy to be losses and needs to define a recovery/reconstruction strategy to be framed in a results oriented frameworkframed in a results oriented framework


Risk Risk AssessmentAssessment

Policy Policy strategiesstrategies

Poverty Poverty reductionreduction

DISASTER RISK DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT

Economic Economic assessmentassessment

RESOURCERESOURCE

MOBILIZATIONMOBILIZATIONM

acro

eco

no

mM

acro

eco

no

mii c

eq

uil

ibri

ac

equ

ilib

ria

IMF

co

mm

itm

ents

IMF

co

mm

itm

ents

Mill

enn

ium

Dev

elo

pm

ent

Go

als

Mill

enn

ium

Dev

elo

pm

ent

Go

als

National planningNational planning

The complex link between disasters, poverty and The complex link between disasters, poverty and developmentdevelopment


1

10

100

Past CurrentIn the medium term In the long termAS ALTERED BY DISASTERS

HUMANHUMAN

Health Health EducationEducationLivelihoodsLivelihoodsHousing and shelterHousing and shelterCultural identityCultural identity

NATURE / ENVIRONMENTNATURE / ENVIRONMENT

Clean water, wage disposal and Clean water, wage disposal and sanitationsanitation

Clean airClean air

Biodiversity and integrity of Biodiversity and integrity of ecosystemsecosystems

Climate variability and changeClimate variability and change

PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTUREPHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

Quality and resilience of Quality and resilience of human built environment human built environment

(settlements and rural/urban (settlements and rural/urban planning) planning)

Transport and Transport and communications, energy and communications, energy and

other basic lifelinesother basic lifelines

Productive infrastructureProductive infrastructure

Other built infrastructure Other built infrastructure (public services, government (public services, government

buildings)buildings)

SOCIALSOCIAL

Social capital and social Social capital and social networks (solidarity and networks (solidarity and

equity) equity)

Family ties, gender Family ties, gender perspective and extended perspective and extended family networks and linksfamily networks and links

Violence, security and rightsViolence, security and rights

POLITICALPOLITICALGovernanceGovernanceTransparencyTransparency

Participation, inclusion and Participation, inclusion and political rightspolitical rights

Access to informationAccess to information

FINANCIALFINANCIALAccess to creditAccess to credit

Land tenure, legal rightsLand tenure, legal rightsCompensatory mechanisms and fundsCompensatory mechanisms and funds

Insurance and financial protectionInsurance and financial protection


The terminology issuesThe terminology issues

Recovery and reconstruction: two parts of one Recovery and reconstruction: two parts of one process or one encompasses the other?process or one encompasses the other?

Recovery and reconstruction are misnomers for the Recovery and reconstruction are misnomers for the aspiration to use disaster as opportunity to move aspiration to use disaster as opportunity to move forward the development agendaforward the development agenda

Build back better: Build back better: resilienceresilience as part of the recovery as part of the recovery and reconstruction (adaptation and mitigation)and reconstruction (adaptation and mitigation)

Any post disaster scenario leads to a different place: Any post disaster scenario leads to a different place: whether deliberate or involuntary disasters lead to a whether deliberate or involuntary disasters lead to a different place (the different place (the hysteresishysteresis effect) effect)


Resilience: bend and not brake, strong but flexible for DRR

AdaptationAdaptation Build resilience in the recovery Build resilience in the recovery

and reconstruction processand reconstruction process MitigationMitigation

Reduce negative impact in Reduce negative impact in response and recoveryresponse and recovery

The “do no harm” principle for The “do no harm” principle for interventionsinterventions


Hysteresis: you never bounce back Hysteresis: you never bounce back to where you were beforeto where you were before

The mathematical theory of systems with The mathematical theory of systems with hysteresis is a chapter of nonlinear hysteresis is a chapter of nonlinear analysis. While based on physical ideas, it analysis. While based on physical ideas, it also extends them to abstract science, also extends them to abstract science, enabling the analysis to be of quite general enabling the analysis to be of quite general character. character.

Hysteresis is a strongly nonlinear Hysteresis is a strongly nonlinear phenomenon which occur in many phenomenon which occur in many industrial, physical and economic systems. industrial, physical and economic systems.

System with hysteresis exhibits path-System with hysteresis exhibits path-dependence. If a system has hysteresis, we dependence. If a system has hysteresis, we can't predict the output without looking at can't predict the output without looking at the history of the input. In order to predict the history of the input. In order to predict the output, we must look at the path that the the output, we must look at the path that the input followed before it reached its current input followed before it reached its current value. A system with hysteresis has value. A system with hysteresis has memory. .

Economic agents, because of fixed or sunk Economic agents, because of fixed or sunk costs of adjustment, adjust discontinuously costs of adjustment, adjust discontinuously to changes in state variables and have to changes in state variables and have different trigger points for adjustment. different trigger points for adjustment.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoryless


Superposing Losses, Economic Recovery and Superposing Losses, Economic Recovery and Reconstruction Effects on GDP GrowthReconstruction Effects on GDP Growth

4

4.5

5

5.5

6

-2 -1 0 1 2 3

An

nu

al G

DP

Gro

wth

, % GrowthGrowthGapGap


Disasters Impact on El Salvador´ s GDP

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Growth without disasters

Growth with Mitch, earthquakes, drought and hurricane Stan

MITCH

EARTHQUAKE

DROUGHTSTANSTAN


Impact of disasters on GDP: State Impact of disasters on GDP: State of Gujarat, Indiaof Gujarat, India

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

1993-94 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03

SGDP with disasters Potential growth without disastrs

Logarítmica (Potential growth without disastrs) Logarítmica (SGDP with disasters)


The Timing of Disaster Effects: a The Timing of Disaster Effects: a reminderreminder

Time, monthsTime, months

DamageDamage

LossesLosses

5 yrs

Full Full Reconstruction Reconstruction and Economic and Economic

RecoveryRecovery

Recovery needs (fill the gap from immediate response Recovery needs (fill the gap from immediate response to recovery in order to reduce losses)to recovery in order to reduce losses)

Emergency Emergency needsneeds


the PDNA “framework”

Before During Beyond

collection of data

analysis


the PDNA “framework”

Before During Beyond

collection of data

analysis

resultsframework

3)

1)

2)


ReconstructionReconstruction

DevelopmentDevelopment

EMERGENCY NEEDSEMERGENCY NEEDSEARLY RECOVERY NEEDSEARLY RECOVERY NEEDS

RECOVERY (FRAMEWORK) NEEDSRECOVERY (FRAMEWORK) NEEDS

RECONSTRUCTION – BACK TO DEVELOPMENT NEEDSRECONSTRUCTION – BACK TO DEVELOPMENT NEEDS

BeforeBefore AfterAfter

DataData

PlansPlansandandProgrammesProgrammes(UNDAF, CAS)(UNDAF, CAS)

Emergency Emergency ResponseResponse

Post Disaster Post Disaster RecoveryRecovery

Needs AssessmentNeeds Assessment

Quick and dirtyQuick and dirty(Flash appeal)(Flash appeal)

3-7 days3-7 days

Local levelLocal levelArea basedArea basedCommunityCommunity

DrivenDriven

2 weeks2 weeks

RecoveryRecoveryFrameworkFramework

(Donors(DonorsConference)Conference)

1 month1 month

ReconstructionReconstructionStrategyStrategy

(IFIs working(IFIs workingGroup)Group)

2-3 months2-3 months

Recovery needs (fill the gap from immediate response Recovery needs (fill the gap from immediate response to reconstruction in order to reduce losses)to reconstruction in order to reduce losses)


The road to a common The road to a common frameworkframework A framework for an integrated, non duplicative synergic A framework for an integrated, non duplicative synergic

assessment of disaster impacts is proposed that takes into assessment of disaster impacts is proposed that takes into account:account:

The overlapping phases in disastersThe overlapping phases in disasters The cross cutting impact of damage, losses and needsThe cross cutting impact of damage, losses and needs The synergic approach by building from sector and local The synergic approach by building from sector and local

impactsimpacts The connection between PCNA and PDNA: differences and The connection between PCNA and PDNA: differences and

parallelismsparallelisms Proposals for a better PD response are to include:Proposals for a better PD response are to include:

National capacity enhancementNational capacity enhancement International response coordinationInternational response coordination

Linkage of PDNA and national/international development goalsLinkage of PDNA and national/international development goals How, when and where to apply a PDNA involves clear notions How, when and where to apply a PDNA involves clear notions

of.of. TimeframeTimeframe Local capacitiesLocal capacities External interventions External interventions


Timeline Timeline

Analysis: diverse Analysis: diverse but compatible, but compatible,

additionality and additionality and complementarity complementarity

(synergic)(synergic)

The PDNA “framework”The PDNA “framework”

BeforeBefore DuringDuring BeyondBeyond

Collection of Collection of data: data:

compatibility, compatibility, comparability, comparability, transitability transitability (multi use)(multi use)

ResultsResultsFramework:Framework:

Diverse actionalble Diverse actionalble proposals but coherent, proposals but coherent,

strategically consistent as strategically consistent as “back to development” “back to development”

processprocess

3)3)

1)1)

2)2)

Co

mm

on

ob

jectives, diverse to

ols an

d

Co

mm

on

ob

jectives, diverse to

ols an

d

pro

po

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osals,

leadin

g to

coh

erent in

tegrated

strategy

leadin

g to

coh

erent in

tegrated

strategy


DANA/UNDA

C-OCHA

UNEPDisaster relief and recovery

needs

loss

PHYSICAL DAMAGE

loss loss

Coping

Capacity

Need

NeedNeed

Need

Need

FAO / ILO

LAT

VALUATION

“TRUNK”

Loss and need

assessment “branches”

WFP

PDNA

WHO

UN HABITAT

Integrated PDNA framework/mosaic decision tree(from DALA to Recovery NAFs)

lossloss

Coping


Trunk of commonalities, branches allow for Trunk of commonalities, branches allow for integrated mosaic of interventions (from DALA to Recovery NAFs)integrated mosaic of interventions (from DALA to Recovery NAFs)

Common Common trunktrunk

DAMAGE DAMAGE QUANTIFICATIONQUANTIFICATION

NeedsNeeds

RecoveryRecovery

LOSSESLOSSES

NeedsNeeds NeedsNeeds NeedsNeeds NeedsNeeds

RecoveryRecovery RecoveryRecovery RecoveryRecovery

RecoveryRecoveryReconstructionReconstruction

ReconstructionReconstruction

LOSSESLOSSES LOSSESLOSSES LOSSESLOSSES LOSSESLOSSES

DISASTERDISASTER

PR

ICIN

GP

RIC

ING


Existing Needs assessments in the context of Existing Needs assessments in the context of humanitarian response and Recoveryhumanitarian response and Recovery

Methodologies Emergency

Early Recovery

Longer term Reconstruction

Sectoral

Cross-sectoral

National Driven

Regional

Community focused

ECLAC

MRAUNICEF

EDANUSAID

NAFOCHA

PDNABangladeshDANA

Vietnam

REDLAC

CDADA

Emerg. AssestIFRC

FAO/ILOILIA

EFSAWFP

NAERPakistan

RHAWHO

UNDAC

INEEStandards


A “Cartesian perspective”: A “Cartesian perspective”: the axis to put needs in the axis to put needs in perspectiveperspective

EMERGENCY – RESPONSE – RECOVERY – REHABILIATION - RECONSTRUCTIONEMERGENCY – RESPONSE – RECOVERY – REHABILIATION - RECONSTRUCTION

HORIZONTALLY: data collection, information management that leads to HORIZONTALLY: data collection, information management that leads to multi-tiered analysis from emergency through reconstructionmulti-tiered analysis from emergency through reconstruction

CROSS CUTTING, CROSS CUTTING, INCLUSIVE OF SECTORS’S EXPERTISE AND INSTITUTIONSINCLUSIVE OF SECTORS’S EXPERTISE AND INSTITUTIONS

Existing or developing sector methodologiesExisting or developing sector methodologies(shelter, food security, WASH, livelihoods, environment, etc.)(shelter, food security, WASH, livelihoods, environment, etc.)


FROM LOCAL FROM LOCAL TO TO

REGIONAL REGIONAL

– –

NATIONAL NATIONAL

--

INTERNATIONAINTERNATIONA

LL

DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT

RECONSTRUCTIONRECONSTRUCTION

RECOVERY NEEDSRECOVERY NEEDS

PRE-EXISTING RISKPRE-EXISTING RISK

CONDITIONSCONDITIONS

BASELINEBASELINE

PRE DISASTER (from early

warning to immediate coping)

EMERGENCY AND HUMANTIARIAN RESPONSE (immediate)

RECOVERY PHASE (immediate or early to short term)

RECONSTRUCTION PHASE (short to long term)

DEVELOPMENT AGENDA

Base line dataStatistical offices, economic

and social indicators

Disaster management agencies, OCHA, IFRC, local Red Cross/Crescent,

NGOs, bilateral donors (OFDA, ECHO, etc.)

Internationally agreed standards, rights of

entitlements, national standards and practices

· Economic, technical and sector capacities, financing

needs and gaps

HDI, MDGs, Country’s development strategy, CAS, UNDAF, etc.

Risk and vulnerability assessments

Meteorological and geographic hazard mapping (national, regional,

international sources), GIS, remote sensing, statistical series, etc.

Existing response plans, resources, capacities, communities at risk,

etc.

Hotspots, GRIP (as information provider)

Community based, NGOs, local government, social

development government offices,

UN Agencies

Risk assessment and risk reduction as part of development agenda

Disaster damage and losses data

Preparedness: prepositioned shelters, supplies,

evacuation and response plans, etc.

Emergency relief information (affected population, mortality/morbidity, shelters, wat/san,

nutrition, health, etc.)

Damage and loss

assessment Financial ministries, international

financial institutions, donors and NGOs

(consultative groups, donor conferences, etc.)

Planning ministries, inline ministries, UNDP, IFIs, donors and NGOs

Needs assessment

Improved preparedness, early warning, organization and training, capacity

building

Community based, NGOs, local government, social development government offices,UN Agencies

Needs identified atsectoral

and at local level

Reconstruction needs based on dialogue /negotiation with affected community /

population / geographical or political unit / countrywide

Improved resilience, risk reduction, transfer and inclusion of risk appropriation to development framework

Strategic planning recovery and Reconstruction framework

HDI, MDGs, Country’s development strategy,

CAS, etc.

Early warning systems, contingency and preparedness

plans and funds

Development of programmes, projects and actions

Implementation, monitoring, evaluation and re-assessment

National development strategy or plan

PDNAPDNA

RISK REDUCTION MEASURESRISK REDUCTION MEASURES


A central cross cutting aspect: A central cross cutting aspect: the gender perspectivethe gender perspective PDNA will deliberately and specifically include a PDNA will deliberately and specifically include a

gender perspective on at least three levels: gender perspective on at least three levels: (i) sex disaggregated (along with age and ethnic identity) (i) sex disaggregated (along with age and ethnic identity)

information from the base line to the emergency and information from the base line to the emergency and recovery needs steps, recovery needs steps,

(ii) identify gender specific losses as derived from the (ii) identify gender specific losses as derived from the damage (identifying both the ownership and use of assets damage (identifying both the ownership and use of assets in a sex disaggregated analysis); and in a sex disaggregated analysis); and

(iii) identify the different roles played by men and women, (iii) identify the different roles played by men and women, particularly during the emergency and early recovery, and particularly during the emergency and early recovery, and the mechanisms through which those roles facilitate the mechanisms through which those roles facilitate women's more proactive participation and empowerment, women's more proactive participation and empowerment, and the ways in which they can be strengthened. and the ways in which they can be strengthened.


The PDNA should be seen as a The PDNA should be seen as a processprocess

it covers a gap between existing instruments in the humanitarian it covers a gap between existing instruments in the humanitarian and the reconstruction/development areas; and the reconstruction/development areas;

it is intended to create a common framework around already it is intended to create a common framework around already existing sectoral, or partial scope methodologies; existing sectoral, or partial scope methodologies;

it should also identify and cover gaps related to assessment of early it should also identify and cover gaps related to assessment of early and longer term recovery requirements; and longer term recovery requirements;

it should support assessment over the timeline of a disaster it should support assessment over the timeline of a disaster response, including providing an overview of early recovery response, including providing an overview of early recovery requirements in the first days after impact, followed by more in-requirements in the first days after impact, followed by more in-depth assessment at community or district level and later, support depth assessment at community or district level and later, support the development of a national strategy linking to reconstruction and the development of a national strategy linking to reconstruction and financing methodology; financing methodology;

Recognize the central role of governments for post disaster recovery Recognize the central role of governments for post disaster recovery needs assessment and planning, for which the PDNA should also needs assessment and planning, for which the PDNA should also function as a capacity building tool – ideally to be internalized in function as a capacity building tool – ideally to be internalized in pre-disaster planning and capacity development in high risk disaster pre-disaster planning and capacity development in high risk disaster prone countries.prone countries.

Not unlike the PCNA in its aims, it addresses different root causes Not unlike the PCNA in its aims, it addresses different root causes that lead to crisis and elicit interventions to respond both in that lead to crisis and elicit interventions to respond both in humanitarian and development terms.humanitarian and development terms.

It is to be linked and “frame” ongoing efforts (at cluster´s level, as It is to be linked and “frame” ongoing efforts (at cluster´s level, as part of the IRP, as part of the UNDP´s role in the Early Recovery part of the IRP, as part of the UNDP´s role in the Early Recovery cluster)cluster)


A frameworkA framework A framework for an integrated, non duplicative A framework for an integrated, non duplicative

synergic assessment of disaster impacts is proposed synergic assessment of disaster impacts is proposed that takes into account:that takes into account:

The overlapping phases in disastersThe overlapping phases in disasters The cross cutting impact of damage, losses and needsThe cross cutting impact of damage, losses and needs The synergic approach by building from sector and local The synergic approach by building from sector and local

impactsimpacts The connection between PCNA and PDNA: differences and The connection between PCNA and PDNA: differences and

parallelismsparallelisms Proposals for a better PD response are to include:Proposals for a better PD response are to include:

National capacity enhancementNational capacity enhancement International response coordinationInternational response coordination

Linkage of PDNA and national/international development Linkage of PDNA and national/international development goalsgoals

How, when and where to apply a PDNA involves clear How, when and where to apply a PDNA involves clear notions of.notions of.

TimeframeTimeframe Local capacitiesLocal capacities

External interventionsExternal interventions


Post-disaster: early recovery phase COORDINATION WITH NATIONAL/LOCAL AUTHORITIES

10. Needs assessment – relief and response – Analysis and recommendation of relevant counter measures Illustrative tools: OCHA situation reports; SPHERE Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards TIMEFRAME: FIRST 24 HOURS

2. Research – Identification of guiding authorities for post-disaster needs assessment (all phases) Illustrative authorities: Chambers and Conway “Sustainable Livelihoods: Practical Concepts for the 21st Century” ; Australian Standard AS/NZS 4360:2004 Risk Management. TIMEFRAME: ONGOING ACTIVITY

4. Tool and system development / inventory – Design, testing and inventory of systems and tools for steps 7 to19 across all clustersTIMEFRAME: ONGOING ACTIVITY

Needs Assessment Process for Humanitarian Disasters Needs Assessment Process for Humanitarian Disasters (UN HABITAT) (UN HABITAT)

3. Quality control – Development and dissemination of standards for post-disaster needs assessment tools and systems Examples: agreed indicators; agreed timelines; agreed information flow; agreed terminologyTIMEFRAME: ONGOING ACTIVITY

7. Alerting – Production and dissemination of alerts regarding actual or possible humanitarian disasters (severity, exposure, vulnerability)Illustrative systems: Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System – Provides near real-time alerts about natural disasters around the world HEWS – Provider of analysis of possible occurrence of disasters TIMEFRAME: FIRST 12 HOURS

8. Technical loss estimation – Production and dissemination of technical estimates of hazard severityIllustrative authority: WAPMERR – Provides loss estimates for M6 earthquakes in populated areasTIMEFRAME: FIRST HOURS

6. Training, exercises and awareness – Design and conduct of programming for persons completing and receiving post-disaster needs assessments as well as appeal documents TIMEFRAME:ONGOING ACTIVITY

9. Information flow – Facilitation of the flow of operational information Illustrative systems: OCHA-OSOCC; OCHA-ReliefWeb; GLIDE ; UNOSAT –Provider and coordinator of disaster satellite images and maps TIMEFRAME: FIRST 12 HOURS

Pre-disaster: development phase IN COORDINATION WITH NATIONAL/LOCAL AUTHORITIES

Disaster: relief and response phase IN COORDINATION WITH NATIONAL/LOCAL AUTHORITIES

13. Early recovery planning – Development of plans to implement early recovery counter measures

14. Flash Appeal – Production and issuance of a flash appeal

15. Early recovery operations – Implementation of early recovery plans based on the response to the flash appealTIMEFRAME: 72 HOURS TO 2 WEEKS

5. Base-line data pre-loading– Identification of baseline data sources and pre-loading tools and systemsIllustrative sources: UN Millennium Development Indicators; UNDP Human Development index; ECHO Vulnerability and Crisis Index TIMEFRAME: ONGOING ACTIVITY

16. Needs assessment – recovery – Analysis and recommendation of counter measures to restore or improve pre-disaster development outcomesIllustrative tools: ECLAC Handbook for Estimating the Socio-Economic and Environmental Effects of Disasters; GTZ, UNDP, World Bank, UNDG Practical Guide to Multilateral Needs Assessments in Post-Conflict Situations

Post-disaster: recovery phase (rehabilitation and reconstruction) IN COORDINATION WITH NATIONAL/LOCAL AUTHORITIES

11. Relief and response planning – Development of plans to implement relief and response counter measures TIMEFRAME: FIRST 48 HOURS

1. Development reports– Ongoing monitoring of development in countries which have/may confront disastersIllustrative authorities, systems and tools: UN Millennium Development Indicators; UNDP Human Development Index; ECHO Vulnerability and Crisis IndexTIMEFRAME: ONGOING ACTIVITY

12. Needs assessment – early recovery – Analysis and recommendation of relevant counter measuresIllustrative authorities, systems and tools: Immediate Shelter Impact Assessment; Immediate Livelihood Impact Assessment; Methodology Rapid Assessment for Humanitarian Assistance

17. Recovery planning – Development of plans to implement recovery (rehabilitation and reconstruction) counter measures 18. Donor Conference – Conduct of a donor conference

19. Project Management– Implementation and monitoring of recovery plans based on response to donor conferenceTIMEFRAME: 3 WEEKS ONWARDS

Repeat from Step 1Repeat from Step 1


ILO

– FA

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D A

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ES

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The The Assessment Assessment Cycle, Cycle, according to according to the IFRC the IFRC Guidelines Guidelines for for Emergency Emergency Assessment Assessment (2005)(2005)


The Needs Analysis The Needs Analysis Framework (NAF) Framework (NAF) was developed was developed by the IASC CAP by the IASC CAP Cluster Working Cluster Working Group and the Group and the UN OCHA, to UN OCHA, to ‘strengthen the ‘strengthen the analysis and analysis and presentation of presentation of humanitarian humanitarian needs in the needs in the Consolidated Consolidated Appeals Process.’ Appeals Process.’


INFRA INFRA STRUCTURE - STRUCTURE -

NEEDS NEEDS ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT

OTHER ISSUES OTHER ISSUES ASSESSMENT – ASSESSMENT –

GOVERNANCEGOVERNANCE

POST POST DISASTER DISASTER STRATEGYSTRATEGY

Results Recovery frameworkResults Recovery framework

EMERGENCYEMERGENCY DANADANA

PDNA frameworkPDNA framework

OTHER OTHER ASSESSMENT – ASSESSMENT –

CULTURAL IMPACT, CULTURAL IMPACT, OTHER OTHER

CROSS CROSS CUTTING – CUTTING –

ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT (UNEP)(UNEP)

LIVELIHOOD LIVELIHOOD ASSESSMENT - ASSESSMENT -

(FAO-ILO)(FAO-ILO)

SECTORAL SECTORAL ASSESSMENT ASSESSMENT WHO – Health WHO – Health

needsneeds

NUTRITION NUTRITION ASSESSMENT – ASSESSMENT –

WFP-FAOWFP-FAO

The Post Disaster process requires an assessment of damages, losses and The Post Disaster process requires an assessment of damages, losses and needs to define a recovery/reconstruction strategy to be framed in a results needs to define a recovery/reconstruction strategy to be framed in a results oriented frameworkoriented framework

DISASTERDISASTER

Consensus, Consensus, negotiated goalsnegotiated goals


Recovery results PDNA matrixRecovery results PDNA matrix

PDNA PDNA assessment assessment (fed and (fed and enriched by enriched by other other assessments)assessments)

Emergency to Emergency to early recovery early recovery needsneeds

Intermediate Intermediate recovery recovery needsneeds

ReconstructioReconstruction needsn needs

Increased Increased resilienceresilience

Mitigation and Mitigation and prevention prevention integrated integrated into into development development goalsgoals

AssessmentsAssessments

Sectoral or Sectoral or partial scope partial scope inputs (may inputs (may follow cluster follow cluster scheme, to be scheme, to be defined in defined in each each particular particular casecase

Ensure Ensure "delivery" of "delivery" of emergency emergency actions to actions to recovery recovery interventionsinterventions

Define time Define time lag for lag for reconstruction reconstruction and full and full recovery and recovery and undertake undertake interim interim "normalization"normalization" " interventionsinterventions

As a result of As a result of DALA and NA DALA and NA to define to define overall impact overall impact to be to be overcomeovercome

Adaptation Adaptation needs based needs based on on vulnerability vulnerability and multi-and multi-hazard hazard analysis analysis determine determine recovery / recovery / reconstruction reconstruction requirements requirements to be adoptedto be adopted

Changes in Changes in development development plans at plans at national, local national, local and sectoral and sectoral level to level to incorporate incorporate disaster risk disaster risk reduction in reduction in overall overall strategy (CAS, strategy (CAS, CAP, UNDAF, CAP, UNDAF, etc.)etc.)

Cross cutting Cross cutting issues issues (gender, (gender, environment, environment, governance)governance)

Determine Determine impact of impact of emergency emergency response and response and compensatecompensate

Intermediate Intermediate actions to actions to facilitate facilitate recovery recovery cognisant of cognisant of differentiated differentiated needs of needs of women and women and men, men, respecting respecting cultural and cultural and ethnic ethnic differences differences and not and not further further affecting affecting habitats and habitats and the the environmentenvironment

Medium to Medium to long term long term programmes programmes and projects and projects to incorporate to incorporate cross cutting cross cutting dimensionsdimensions

Medium to Medium to long term long term programmes programmes and projects and projects to incorporate to incorporate cross cutting cross cutting dimensionsdimensions

Development Development strategies to strategies to incorporate incorporate cross cutting cross cutting dimensions dimensions and respect and respect gender, gender, cultural, cultural, ethnic and ethnic and environmental environmental specifitiesspecifities



PDNA assessment PDNA assessment (fed and enriched (fed and enriched by other by other assessments)assessments)

Emergency to early Emergency to early recovery needsrecovery needs

Intermediate Intermediate recovery needsrecovery needs

Reconstruction Reconstruction needsneeds

Increased resilienceIncreased resilience Mitigation and Mitigation and prevention prevention integrated into integrated into development goalsdevelopment goals

Gaps identified (possible breakdown, may vary according to local needs or cluster approach used)Gaps identified (possible breakdown, may vary according to local needs or cluster approach used)

Social aspects: health, Social aspects: health, sanitation, education sanitation, education and culture, housing, and culture, housing, livelihoods, Nutrition livelihoods, Nutrition or food securityor food security

Gaps in the transition Gaps in the transition from emergency to from emergency to recoveryrecovery

Gaps in the transition Gaps in the transition from recovery to from recovery to reconstructionreconstruction

Gaps to achieve Gaps to achieve reconstruction reconstruction (institutional, (institutional, financial, resources, financial, resources, inputs and materials, inputs and materials, including labor including labor retraining)retraining)

Gaps to achieve Gaps to achieve reconstruction reconstruction (institutional, (institutional, financial, resources, financial, resources, inputs and materials, inputs and materials, including labor including labor retraining)retraining)

Incorporation of Incorporation of disaster risk reduction disaster risk reduction into social into social development goalsdevelopment goals

Economic Aspects: Economic Aspects: Agriculture, industry, Agriculture, industry, commerce, services, commerce, services, tourism, etc.tourism, etc.

Supply and demand Supply and demand constraints in the constraints in the transition from transition from emergency to emergency to recoveryrecovery

Alternative means of Alternative means of supply in the supply in the transition to recovery transition to recovery and reconstructionand reconstruction

Time lag to achieve Time lag to achieve full recovery of full recovery of economic activities economic activities (varies from sector to (varies from sector to sector, given sector, given seasonality and seasonality and market cycles)market cycles)

Changes in economic Changes in economic and production and production patterns required to patterns required to overcome increased overcome increased vulnerabilities caused vulnerabilities caused by disasterby disaster

Changes in economic Changes in economic and production and production patterns to patterns to incorporate incorporate (internalize vs (internalize vs externalize) disaster externalize) disaster risk reductionrisk reduction

Lifelines and basic Lifelines and basic infrastructure: energy, infrastructure: energy, transport and transport and communications, communications, water supply, water supply, irrigationirrigation

Supply and demand Supply and demand constraints in the constraints in the transition from transition from emergency to emergency to recoveryrecovery

Alternative means of Alternative means of supply in the supply in the transition to recovery transition to recovery and reconsstructionand reconsstruction

Time lag to achieve Time lag to achieve full recovery of supply full recovery of supply and services (varies and services (varies from sub sector to sub from sub sector to sub sector, given supply sector, given supply modalities and modalities and demand cycles)demand cycles)

Changes in generation Changes in generation and supply patterns and supply patterns required to overcome required to overcome increased increased vulnerabilities caused vulnerabilities caused by disasterby disaster

Incorporation of Incorporation of disaster risk reduction disaster risk reduction in the development of in the development of basic infrastructurebasic infrastructure

Financial implications: Financial implications: national and local national and local budget, international budget, international requirements, requirements, donations and donations and public/private sector public/private sector partnershipspartnerships

Immediate fund Immediate fund reallocation and reallocation and transfers in the transfers in the transition from transition from emergency to emergency to recoveryrecovery

Programmatic Programmatic reorientation and new reorientation and new allocation fo resources allocation fo resources for the transition to for the transition to recovery and recovery and reconstructionreconstruction

New, additional New, additional investment and investment and reorientation of reorientation of investment budget to investment budget to allow for recovery and allow for recovery and reconstruction reconstruction funding (will include funding (will include insurance payments, insurance payments, international resource international resource mobilization and mobilization and appeal t o donors)appeal t o donors)

New, additional New, additional investment and investment and reorientation of reorientation of investment budget to investment budget to improve resilience in improve resilience in reconstruction reconstruction programmes and programmes and projectsprojects

Incorporation of Incorporation of investment in disaster investment in disaster risk reduction as part risk reduction as part of overall investment of overall investment planning policyplanning policy

Institutional Institutional requirements and requirements and governancegovernance

Ensure local and Ensure local and stakeholder stakeholder involvement in involvement in transition to recovery, transition to recovery, particularly when particularly when disaster affected disaster affected government structure government structure and disrupted and disrupted affected community's affected community's social fabricsocial fabric

Ensure local and Ensure local and stakeholder stakeholder involvement in involvement in transition to recovery transition to recovery and reconstruction, by and reconstruction, by formalizing formalizing consultation and consultation and participatory participatory processesprocesses

Ensure local and Ensure local and stakeholder stakeholder involvement in involvement in transition to recovery transition to recovery and reconstruction, by and reconstruction, by formalizing formalizing consultation and consultation and participatory participatory processesprocesses

Ensure local and Ensure local and stakeholder stakeholder involvement in involvement in identifying identifying vulnerabilities and vulnerabilities and hazards to be faced, hazards to be faced, by formalizing by formalizing consultation and consultation and participatory participatory processesprocesses

Promote and expand Promote and expand formal consultation formal consultation and participatory and participatory processes in the processes in the formulation of formulation of national development national development goals with a disaster goals with a disaster risk reduction risk reduction frameworkframework



PDNA PDNA assessment assessment (fed and (fed and enriched by enriched by other other assessments)assessments)

Emergency to Emergency to early early recovery recovery needsneeds

Intermediate Intermediate recovery recovery needsneeds

ReconstructioReconstruction needsn needs

Increased Increased resilienceresilience

Mitigation Mitigation and and prevention prevention integrated integrated into into development development goalsgoals

Governance and other issuesGovernance and other issues

Monitoring, Monitoring, auditing and auditing and evaluationevaluation

Maintain Maintain open open information information and and communicaticommunication systems on systems with with stakeholders stakeholders (affected/ben(affected/beneficiaries, eficiaries, donors and donors and relief relief providers, providers, international international community community and media)and media)

Maintain Maintain open open information information and and communicaticommunication systems on systems with with stakeholders stakeholders (affected/ben(affected/beneficiaries, eficiaries, donors and donors and relief relief providers, providers, international international community community and media)and media)

Establish Establish result result indicators for indicators for recovery and recovery and reconstructioreconstruction goalsn goals

Establish Establish resilience resilience indicators to indicators to be attained be attained in short, in short, medium and medium and long termlong term

Incorporate Incorporate disaster risk disaster risk reduction in reduction in development development indicators indicators (social, (social, economic, economic, human, human, environmentenvironmental, al, infastructure infastructure and political)and political)


WHAT IS PDNA INTENDED TO BEWHAT IS PDNA INTENDED TO BE(built upon the experience of the ECLAC methodology):(built upon the experience of the ECLAC methodology):

A tool for the socio-economic and environmental A tool for the socio-economic and environmental assessment of disastersassessment of disasters

Multi-sectoral and multidisciplinary damage evaluation Multi-sectoral and multidisciplinary damage evaluation and quantification method for disaster affected sectorsand quantification method for disaster affected sectors

Standard sectoral procedures that allows comparability Standard sectoral procedures that allows comparability of resultsof results

Instrument for the decision making process and for Instrument for the decision making process and for policy formulation as it identifies more severely affected policy formulation as it identifies more severely affected sectors, geographical areas and vulnerable groupssectors, geographical areas and vulnerable groups

Conceptual improvement for measuring aspects not Conceptual improvement for measuring aspects not included in sectoral or partial and humanitarian needs included in sectoral or partial and humanitarian needs assessments and quantify and express damages, assessments and quantify and express damages, losses and needs that arise after a disaster, assessing losses and needs that arise after a disaster, assessing specific vulnerability (of social groups, such as women specific vulnerability (of social groups, such as women and the environment)and the environment)


WHAT SHOULD A PDNA DO:WHAT SHOULD A PDNA DO: Allow projecting future performance of the affected Allow projecting future performance of the affected

economy/society/community in the short and medium term, and economy/society/community in the short and medium term, and implement the necessary corrective policy measuresimplement the necessary corrective policy measures

Allow to determine the State’s Allow to determine the State’s (government at all levels and (government at all levels and society in general)society in general) capacity to face reconstruction tasks and capacity to face reconstruction tasks and determine needs for cooperation and international financingdetermine needs for cooperation and international financing

Facilitate training in damage valuation and formulation of Facilitate training in damage valuation and formulation of mitigation strategiesmitigation strategies

Involve affected population with relevant authorities and aid Involve affected population with relevant authorities and aid providersproviders

Put in evidence the systemic character of the development Put in evidence the systemic character of the development process and the interaction among sectors and stakeholdersprocess and the interaction among sectors and stakeholders

Harmonize, consolidate and coordinate tools, analysis and Harmonize, consolidate and coordinate tools, analysis and recommendations for programming and interventions among all recommendations for programming and interventions among all stakeholdersstakeholders


How to do a PDNAHow to do a PDNA The PDNA is envisaged as a “how to”, The PDNA is envisaged as a “how to”,

practical guide to conduct and practical guide to conduct and coordinate three interlinked processes:coordinate three interlinked processes:

Collection of data on damage and losses and Collection of data on damage and losses and underlying factors that explain the disaster underlying factors that explain the disaster (both crucially relevant for recovery)(both crucially relevant for recovery)

Consultation for the analysis of such data Consultation for the analysis of such data leading to integrated conclusions (in respect leading to integrated conclusions (in respect of recovery needs and capacities)of recovery needs and capacities)

Proposing actionable recommendations for Proposing actionable recommendations for programming and resource mobilization and programming and resource mobilization and allocation (at the different stages)allocation (at the different stages)


Social SectorsSocial Sectors HousingHousing HealthHealth Education, culture, Education, culture,

sportssports InfrastructureInfrastructure

Transport and Transport and communicationscommunications

EnergyEnergy Water and sewerageWater and sewerage

Productive sectors Productive sectors Goods: agriculture, Goods: agriculture,

industryindustry Services: commerce, Services: commerce,

tourism, etc.tourism, etc.

Global impactGlobal impact On the environmentOn the environment Gender perspectiveGender perspective Employment and Employment and

social conditionssocial conditions Macroeconomic Macroeconomic

assessmentassessment

SECTOR BY SECTOR VALUATION METHODOLOGYSECTOR BY SECTOR VALUATION METHODOLOGY


SEQ UENCE O F D ISASTER VALUATIO N

R EIN FO R C EMEN T /R EIN G EN EER IN GPR EVEN T IO NMIT IG AT IO N

SchedulingInput a va ila b ility

Ma teria lH um a nFina cia l

Ma croeconom ic im pa ct

T EC H N O LO G IC AL IMR PO VEMEN T At present va lue costsIncludes a sset deprecia tion

C onsiders the sta te of a sset a t tim e of da m a geD iscounts la ck of m a intena ntce

R EPLAC EMEN T C O ST SB y econom ic sectors a nd a ctors

PublicPriva te

Pro ject form ula tionR econstrction a nd rep la cem ent

Mitiga tion a nd reinforcem entPrevention

MAC R O EC O N O MIC V IAB IL IT YSU ST AIN AB IL IT Y

C R ED IB IL IT Y

Absorption ca pa cityMa teria l

W ork forceInstitutuiona l

D om erstic resourcesC reditsD ona tionsInsura nce a nd reinsura nceExterna l resourcesC reditsD ona tions

Fina ncia l im plica tionsPublicPriva te

R EC O N ST R U C T IO N R EQ U IR EMEN T SB y econom ic a nd sector a ctors

PublicPriva te

VALU E O F D AMAG ESB y econom ic a ctors a nd sectors

PublicPriva te


SCHEMATIC VIEW OF THE EVALUATION PROCESSSCHEMATIC VIEW OF THE EVALUATION PROCESS

SITUATION AT OCCURENCE

(prior conditions/ without disaster)

IDENTIFICATION OF TYPE OF EFFECTS Physical (air, water, soil, land, cycles and

processes) Biological (vegetation, fauna, biological

processes, ecosystems and cycles) Perception of environment (landscape, scientific

conditions, cultural resources, etc.) Others

EXTREME EVENT

QUANTIFIABLE IMPACT AND SUBJECT TO ECONOMIC VALUATION

NON-QUANTIFICABLE IMPACT, NOT SUBJECT TO DIRECT ECONOMIC VALUATION

(Valuation by proxy)

CLASSIFICATION OF IMPACT (Damages, losses)

SOCIO-ECONOMIC VALUATION

VALUATION OF GLOBAL IMPACT

PROPOSALS TO REDUCE VULNERABILITY AND RESTORE ASSETS AND FLOWS LOST

PUBLIC POLICY

GLOBAL, MACROECONOMIC (by central or national government)

BY SECTOR AND / OR REGION (Agriculture, housing, infrastructure, environment,

natural resource management, social, etc.)


Common conceptual framework:Common conceptual framework:Measuring the “delta” or disaster gapMeasuring the “delta” or disaster gap

Pre-existing Pre-existing conditions (ex ante)conditions (ex ante)

Expected Expected performance (without performance (without disaster) 3-5 yearsdisaster) 3-5 years

Disaster impact Disaster impact (ex post)(ex post)3-5 years3-5 years

The measure The measure

Of damage and lossesOf damage and losses

Upon the pre-existing situation Upon the pre-existing situation

(sector by sector baselines) is aggregated into the national (sector by sector baselines) is aggregated into the national accounts and determines the resulting disaster-caused scenario, as accounts and determines the resulting disaster-caused scenario, as the gap over the expected performance prior to the event. Several the gap over the expected performance prior to the event. Several scenarios may be outlined, based on the assumptions made for the scenarios may be outlined, based on the assumptions made for the

reconstruction processreconstruction process


Concepts to be agreed on and harmonizedConcepts to be agreed on and harmonized

Damage (to assets)Damage (to assets) Impact on assets:Impact on assets: InfraestructureInfraestructure

CapitalCapital StocksStocks Ocurr Ocurr

inmediatelyduring or inmediatelyduring or after the disasterafter the disaster

Losses (Flows)Losses (Flows) Effects onEffects on

ProductionProduction IncomeIncome YieldsYields LivelihoodsLivelihoods

Perceived after the disaster for a period of time that Perceived after the disaster for a period of time that may vary and includes additonal costs or expenditures may vary and includes additonal costs or expenditures by individuals, enterprises, government, communities by individuals, enterprises, government, communities till the recovery process is completedtill the recovery process is completed


Concepts to be agreed uponConcepts to be agreed upon

Needs (determined with Needs (determined with the affected community the affected community and stakeholders)and stakeholders)

Impacto on assets and Impacto on assets and livelihoodslivelihoods

Determined in a Determined in a participatory “negotiated” participatory “negotiated” process where the recovery process where the recovery of the affected is “owned” , of the affected is “owned” , planned and executed by the planned and executed by the stakeholdersstakeholders

Recovery, reconstruction and Recovery, reconstruction and resilienceresilience

Risk reduction andd resilienceRisk reduction andd resilience Mitigation, risk transfer and risk Mitigation, risk transfer and risk

dispersion (sharing)dispersion (sharing) Strengthening response capacity (pre Strengthening response capacity (pre

disaster recovery planning) disaster recovery planning) Early warning and preventionEarly warning and prevention All to be incorporated in the “back All to be incorporated in the “back

to development path” :to development path” : ““build back better” = Bbuild back better” = B33

¨not build back” = B¨not build back” = B-2-2

¨boost resilience for development = ¨boost resilience for development = BRDBRD


Differences between damage, Differences between damage, losses and needslosses and needs

How they are registered and accounted forHow they are registered and accounted for Damage and losses tend to be an economic / quantification of the Damage and losses tend to be an economic / quantification of the

(additional) gap generated by a disaster(additional) gap generated by a disaster Needs spread over time, sectors and different socioeconomic and Needs spread over time, sectors and different socioeconomic and

cultural groups (hence the need for engendering)cultural groups (hence the need for engendering) From the emergency (shelters, immediate supplies, clothing, food, From the emergency (shelters, immediate supplies, clothing, food,

medicines) tomedicines) to Early recovery to recovery andEarly recovery to recovery and Reconstruction needs (asset restitution and loss compensation)Reconstruction needs (asset restitution and loss compensation)

The proposal of a data management tool coordination and / or The proposal of a data management tool coordination and / or integration (allow delivery of results to successive stages)integration (allow delivery of results to successive stages)


CONSIDERATION OF REPLACEMENT COSTS OR CONSIDERATION OF REPLACEMENT COSTS OR VALUATION FOR RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTIONVALUATION FOR RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION

Replacement value is assigned on “as is” basis: Replacement value is assigned on “as is” basis: present value of present value of assets including depreciation, tear and wear and level of assets including depreciation, tear and wear and level of maintenance or repair, actual replacement (at current costs of maintenance or repair, actual replacement (at current costs of similar good), not reconstruction (improved, less risky, similar good), not reconstruction (improved, less risky, technologically upgraded, etc.)technologically upgraded, etc.)

In the productive sectors replacement costs imply in addition to In the productive sectors replacement costs imply in addition to the damage or destruction in assets (infrastructure, etc.) the the damage or destruction in assets (infrastructure, etc.) the losses in production (except stocks or stored products), income losses in production (except stocks or stored products), income lost and production that will not be obtained due to the event, and lost and production that will not be obtained due to the event, and investment that will have to be made to recuperate a similar investment that will have to be made to recuperate a similar production level to pre-hurricane levels. production level to pre-hurricane levels. This preliminary This preliminary estimate will vary in time, according to price fluctuations in the estimate will vary in time, according to price fluctuations in the coming months, financial resources available and time-frame coming months, financial resources available and time-frame associated with investment maturity and natural growth of plants associated with investment maturity and natural growth of plants or restoration of plantation and cattle stock’s reproductive cycle or restoration of plantation and cattle stock’s reproductive cycle in the case of agriculture.in the case of agriculture.


From replacement to resilienceFrom replacement to resilience

In household replacement costs imply restoration of In household replacement costs imply restoration of housing (rebuilding, repair, etc.) in addition to land housing (rebuilding, repair, etc.) in addition to land development when resettlement is warranted, as well development when resettlement is warranted, as well as rental increases, income losses and household as rental increases, income losses and household contents. contents. Livelihood losses associated with house-Livelihood losses associated with house-located or home-made goods and services are an located or home-made goods and services are an additional element to be considered in the total additional element to be considered in the total losses.losses.

Determine from the identification of needs (as Determine from the identification of needs (as assessed at the local level and strengthening the assessed at the local level and strengthening the social impacts of disaster) the actual resources social impacts of disaster) the actual resources required, both for budgetary considerations and to required, both for budgetary considerations and to appeal for external, additional cooperation and appeal for external, additional cooperation and necessary technical cooperation to reduce risk and necessary technical cooperation to reduce risk and promote resilient sustainable recovery processespromote resilient sustainable recovery processes


Steps for a PDNA Include PDNA in pre-disaster planning

Support the government in establishing the necessary institutional mechanisms Among the UN agencies and with the national government agree on PDNA relevant concepts and

establish responsibilities and mechanisms for the recovery phase Capacity building on PDNA concepts and methodologies for governmental, UN and other relevant

stakeholders’ staff Necessary steps before a PDNA process / coordinated assessment

Ascertain the government’s interest and specific motivation for the assessment (recovery and reconstruction planning / mobilization of external assistance)

On the basis of existing information (government’s request and sources, Reliefweb, internet data) determine the exact type, extent and sectoral composition of disaster.

Contact relevant international stakeholders (UNDP and Resident Coordinator, IFIs in the country) and determine their involvement in the assessment and their potential contribution in terms of technical, logistical and financial capabilities to conduct it, ascertaining their capabilities to undertake the PDNA with none, limited or full support from an outside team.

Determine what external expertise is necessary and identify a potential coordinator for the assessment

Conduct a thorough inventory and collect all necessary baseline data determining which of the encountered information is to serve as standard (for example what are the political/administrative boundaries to be used, population data to be taken as baseline, etc.).

Initial preliminary mission (fact-finding, programming mission, may be substituted by a good video or teleconference with appropriate stakeholders, national counterparts and potential partners).


The end-results of a PDNAThe end-results of a PDNA

In terms of information: coherent, harmonized, In terms of information: coherent, harmonized, validated,usable data sets in an accessible platformvalidated,usable data sets in an accessible platform

In terms of analysis: allow sectoral, partial scope In terms of analysis: allow sectoral, partial scope analysis to flow into an integrated perspective that analysis to flow into an integrated perspective that gives the “full” picturegives the “full” picture

In terms of programmable actions: frame sectoral In terms of programmable actions: frame sectoral and partial scope proposals in a coherent recovery and partial scope proposals in a coherent recovery framework that leads to risk reduction and back to framework that leads to risk reduction and back to resilient, sustainable developmentresilient, sustainable development


Where are we now?: the scoping and stock Where are we now?: the scoping and stock taking conclusions and recommendationstaking conclusions and recommendations

The stock-taking and scoping exercise on existing tools and The stock-taking and scoping exercise on existing tools and methodologiesmethodologies

The wording and timing referring to the different post-disaster phases are not The wording and timing referring to the different post-disaster phases are not homogeneous. . Post-disaster needs assessment methodologies are useful as far as they offer tools that can be adapted and Post-disaster needs assessment methodologies are useful as far as they offer tools that can be adapted and

combined according to the concrete circumstances.combined according to the concrete circumstances. Rrecovery needs assessment aspects should be integrated more systematically in the sectoral needs Rrecovery needs assessment aspects should be integrated more systematically in the sectoral needs

assessment methodologies for emergency response. For Latin America, the validation of the REDLAC assessment methodologies for emergency response. For Latin America, the validation of the REDLAC methodology could be a starting point due to the variety of organisations involved in this initiative. methodology could be a starting point due to the variety of organisations involved in this initiative.

Recovery is primarily a local process. The needs assessments therefore have to be established at the Recovery is primarily a local process. The needs assessments therefore have to be established at the community level using a participatory approach. community level using a participatory approach.

Advances can be observed in Latin America related to preparedness, response and risk reduction, much less Advances can be observed in Latin America related to preparedness, response and risk reduction, much less related to recovery. related to recovery.

Disaster risk reduction has not yet been incorporated systematically in recovery processes. Disaster risk reduction has not yet been incorporated systematically in recovery processes. Within the UN system general responsibilities for the different recovery sectors exist. Nevertheless, in the end, Within the UN system general responsibilities for the different recovery sectors exist. Nevertheless, in the end,

the contributions depend on which agencies are present in the affected country or area.the contributions depend on which agencies are present in the affected country or area. Gender has been accepted as a cross-cutting issue in the applied methodologies. The consequences of being a Gender has been accepted as a cross-cutting issue in the applied methodologies. The consequences of being a

cross-cutting issue are often not clearly defined and appropriate “engendering” does not take place.cross-cutting issue are often not clearly defined and appropriate “engendering” does not take place. Data collection is mostly done by the governments, especially in the first emergency phase. This data is used by Data collection is mostly done by the governments, especially in the first emergency phase. This data is used by

the UN system as well as by the NGO and donor organisations. In case of governmental deficiencies, especially the UN system as well as by the NGO and donor organisations. In case of governmental deficiencies, especially related to availability and quality of local staff, the ministries are supported by these actors via financial funds or related to availability and quality of local staff, the ministries are supported by these actors via financial funds or own staff (e.g. UNV, FAO, PAHO). own staff (e.g. UNV, FAO, PAHO).

There is a lack of coordination between the sectors and actors involved in recovery, especially at the national There is a lack of coordination between the sectors and actors involved in recovery, especially at the national level. Most donor organisations do not have their own recovery needs assessment methodology. They use level. Most donor organisations do not have their own recovery needs assessment methodology. They use certain criteria or guidelines but rely, as far as the needs identification is concerned, on the information certain criteria or guidelines but rely, as far as the needs identification is concerned, on the information provided by the government, the UN system and traditional socios (e.g. IADB, ECHO, GTZ). They mostly have or provided by the government, the UN system and traditional socios (e.g. IADB, ECHO, GTZ). They mostly have or send short-term or long-term staff in the region to accompany or guide the identification process. Only some send short-term or long-term staff in the region to accompany or guide the identification process. Only some NGOs with broad local presence use their own methodology (e.g. Oxfam)NGOs with broad local presence use their own methodology (e.g. Oxfam)

http://dict.leo.org/ende?lp=ende&p=/gQPU.&search=homogeneous


Where should we move to?Where should we move to? guidelines for composite analysis of different recovery needs assessments guidelines for composite analysis of different recovery needs assessments format for conducting and reporting Rformat for conducting and reporting Rapid Recovery Needs Assessments (RRNA) at apid Recovery Needs Assessments (RRNA) at

the local level. This can be used in areas where there are gaps in assessments and the local level. This can be used in areas where there are gaps in assessments and or by stakeholders who do not have existing tools for multi-sectoral recovery or by stakeholders who do not have existing tools for multi-sectoral recovery assessmentassessment. The format should be designed to help aggregate local findings . The format should be designed to help aggregate local findings through the RRNA at the sub-regional, regional and national levels. through the RRNA at the sub-regional, regional and national levels.

format for collating and analyzing findings of recovery needs assessments format for collating and analyzing findings of recovery needs assessments conducted by different actors. conducted by different actors.

format for developing format for developing an Integrated Recovery Framework and an associated an Integrated Recovery Framework and an associated Integrated Plan of Action (IPA) for all recovery stakeholders. This will build a Integrated Plan of Action (IPA) for all recovery stakeholders. This will build a ‘coordinated action’ element in the PDNA. ‘coordinated action’ element in the PDNA.

information management tool for mapping recovery needs, capacities and gaps in information management tool for mapping recovery needs, capacities and gaps in lines of the 3W tool being used by OCHA’s NAF and UNICEF’s MRA methodology. lines of the 3W tool being used by OCHA’s NAF and UNICEF’s MRA methodology.

checklists for covering cross-cutting themes that are usually not mainstreamed in checklists for covering cross-cutting themes that are usually not mainstreamed in assessment methodologies. Specifically include checklist for mainstreaming gender, assessment methodologies. Specifically include checklist for mainstreaming gender, governance, recovery information management, disaster risk reduction etc. governance, recovery information management, disaster risk reduction etc. Checklist for governance could include guidelines for setting up appropriate Checklist for governance could include guidelines for setting up appropriate institutional arrangements at the national level (pre-disaster as well as post-disaster institutional arrangements at the national level (pre-disaster as well as post-disaster ad-hoc scenarios), refer to UNDP/BCPR recovery guidelines;ad-hoc scenarios), refer to UNDP/BCPR recovery guidelines;

ttraining packages (pre-disaster and post disaster rapid refresher versions) for the raining packages (pre-disaster and post disaster rapid refresher versions) for the rapid assessment team and the recovery analysis teams; rapid assessment team and the recovery analysis teams;

rroster of recovery assessment and analysis team members segregated based on oster of recovery assessment and analysis team members segregated based on stakeholder representation, regional/local experience and knowledge and sector stakeholder representation, regional/local experience and knowledge and sector specific technical capacities; specific technical capacities;


The Information Management The Information Management ToolkitToolkit

Two Software tools:Two Software tools: A tool to organize and coordinate A tool to organize and coordinate

Information Needs (INT)Information Needs (INT) A tool to capture Damages and Losses A tool to capture Damages and Losses

(and potentially calculated needs too) (and potentially calculated needs too) based on DesInventarbased on DesInventar


Information Management Information Management ToolkitToolkit

What is the Information Needs Tool (INT)?What is the Information Needs Tool (INT)?

The PDNA-INT is a software tool that allows The PDNA-INT is a software tool that allows the organized storage, manipulation and the organized storage, manipulation and query of the information requirements query of the information requirements (“datasets”) of multiple Assessment (“datasets”) of multiple Assessment methodologies (both Damage and Needs). methodologies (both Damage and Needs).



What is the Information Needs Tool (INT)?What is the Information Needs Tool (INT)?

The INT is similar to the W3 tool but deals with The INT is similar to the W3 tool but deals with Information (instead of projects): Information (instead of projects):

it is about Who has data about a specific subject. it is about Who has data about a specific subject.

Same as W3, the INT can potentially avoid multiple institutions collecting Same as W3, the INT can potentially avoid multiple institutions collecting the same data or having different versions of the same information. the same data or having different versions of the same information.



Information Needs Tool (INT) ObjectivesInformation Needs Tool (INT) Objectives

help identifying commonalities among help identifying commonalities among information needs of the different information needs of the different methodologies (or missions in the field)methodologies (or missions in the field)

help identifying flows of information among help identifying flows of information among disaster phases, clusters and methodologiesdisaster phases, clusters and methodologies

help proposing a unique nomenclature for help proposing a unique nomenclature for datasetsdatasets


Damage & Loss Data Management Damage & Loss Data Management System System General RequirementsGeneral Requirements

THE BIG CHALLENGE:THE BIG CHALLENGE:

To satisfy evolutionary information needs across sectors and To satisfy evolutionary information needs across sectors and across disaster phasesacross disaster phases

Preliminary damage assessments to support Relief Preliminary damage assessments to support Relief Basic damage & loss data for multi-sector Early recovery Basic damage & loss data for multi-sector Early recovery

needs assessmentsneeds assessments Starting point for subsequent comprehensive damage and loss Starting point for subsequent comprehensive damage and loss

assessment for reconstruction (ECLAC)assessment for reconstruction (ECLAC) Incorporate point of entry to register needs (quantitative and Incorporate point of entry to register needs (quantitative and

qualitative)qualitative)


Damage & Loss Data Management Damage & Loss Data Management System System General RequirementsGeneral Requirements

Ability to capture multiple forms with many Ability to capture multiple forms with many fields fields

Ability to aggregate data in multiple waysAbility to aggregate data in multiple ways Ability to visually display spatial/temporal Ability to visually display spatial/temporal

datadata Ability to display tabular and statistic dataAbility to display tabular and statistic data Ability to exchange data with other systemsAbility to exchange data with other systems Wide accessibilityWide accessibility Multilingual interface/Multilingual content Multilingual interface/Multilingual content

Fixed area

Customizable area

(multiple tabs, multiple formats, pre-configured)

(Social and basic damage and loss variables)


Damage Data Management Damage Data Management System System Other Features Other Features

Pre-ConfiguredPre-Configured Documented Documented Low cost/Low TechLow cost/Low Tech Friendliness of interfaceFriendliness of interface GLIDE compliantGLIDE compliant Multi-platform (OS/DB)Multi-platform (OS/DB)


The development of the The development of the PDNA provides an PDNA provides an opportunityopportunity for the international community --international organizations for the international community --international organizations within the UN system, the World Bank and major NGOs and within the UN system, the World Bank and major NGOs and bilateral donors – to cover an existing gap, to coordinate bilateral donors – to cover an existing gap, to coordinate amongst them and to make sure that our efforts to support amongst them and to make sure that our efforts to support countries affected by disasters become more effective and countries affected by disasters become more effective and provide higher impact. The discussions of the technical provide higher impact. The discussions of the technical oversight committee have highlighted the following aspects oversight committee have highlighted the following aspects that will need to be born in mind in the development of the that will need to be born in mind in the development of the PDNA:PDNA:

timeliness, timeliness, and the need for the PDNA process to be seen as a and the need for the PDNA process to be seen as a iterative process that identifies from the outset emergency needs iterative process that identifies from the outset emergency needs and arising early recovery conditions that will reduce the friction and arising early recovery conditions that will reduce the friction between recovery, reconstruction and the gradual moving towards between recovery, reconstruction and the gradual moving towards a development process that is more resilient and sustainable.a development process that is more resilient and sustainable.

coherence, coherence, and the need for the PDNA to take account of already and the need for the PDNA to take account of already existing methodologies and work done by the participants;existing methodologies and work done by the participants;

inclusiveness,inclusiveness, including the need to engage the International including the need to engage the International Financial Institutions in the development of the PDNA as well as Financial Institutions in the development of the PDNA as well as the inclusion of governments in this work; and,the inclusion of governments in this work; and,

ConvergenceConvergence, with related work conducted in relation to the HFA , with related work conducted in relation to the HFA and the IASC humanitarian reform agendas.and the IASC humanitarian reform agendas.


From validation to applicationFrom validation to application

A PDNA tool reviewing workshopA PDNA tool reviewing workshop A validation of the first phase´s A validation of the first phase´s

deliverabledeliverable A PDNA guide to be applied inter A PDNA guide to be applied inter

agency agreementagency agreement


What the recovery programme What the recovery programme requiresrequiresa)a) Solid quantificationSolid quantificationb)b) Participation of affected population or communityParticipation of affected population or communityc)c) Definition and appropriation of priorities (political Definition and appropriation of priorities (political

consensus)consensus)d)d) Sequencing of activities over time (technical Sequencing of activities over time (technical

analysis)analysis)e)e) Determination of resources required vs capacity Determination of resources required vs capacity

and available capabilities (gap analysis and trade-and available capabilities (gap analysis and trade-offs)offs)

f)f) Financial / sectoral planning (programme and Financial / sectoral planning (programme and project formulationproject formulation


Issues crucial to PDNAIssues crucial to PDNA Technical considerationsTechnical considerations

Harmonization, transfer and access to information Harmonization, transfer and access to information between methodologies and toolsbetween methodologies and tools

Organizational considerationsOrganizational considerations Coordination, avoid duplication and agreed response Coordination, avoid duplication and agreed response

and preparation platformsand preparation platforms Sequencing of assessments (simultaneity and non-Sequencing of assessments (simultaneity and non-

duplication)duplication) Trade-offsTrade-offs

Timeliness, accuracy and costsTimeliness, accuracy and costs Common understandingCommon understanding Experience and knowledge shareExperience and knowledge share Training and research to advanceTraining and research to advance


Advance in an integrated Advance in an integrated approachapproach Allow for diverse end results depending on purpose Allow for diverse end results depending on purpose

of the assessmentof the assessment Search and rescue information needsSearch and rescue information needs Humanitarian response needs (DANA, UNDAC/OCHA Humanitarian response needs (DANA, UNDAC/OCHA

assessments9assessments9 Early recovery needs (transition from assistance to self Early recovery needs (transition from assistance to self

sufficiency)sufficiency) Restoration of basic lifelines and livelihoods (move to Restoration of basic lifelines and livelihoods (move to

sustainable processes)sustainable processes) Recovery frameworks (BCPR/PDNA)Recovery frameworks (BCPR/PDNA) Reconstruction (financial, technical and absorptive capacity Reconstruction (financial, technical and absorptive capacity

to sustainable development objectives, IFIs assessment)to sustainable development objectives, IFIs assessment)


ASPECTS OF PDNAASPECTS OF PDNA

- Most of the clusters (and probably as a result of the PDNA Most of the clusters (and probably as a result of the PDNA initiative itself) are working on their own Cluster-specific initiative itself) are working on their own Cluster-specific assessment methodologies. assessment methodologies.

- Several actors in this process are developing new DANA Several actors in this process are developing new DANA methodologiesmethodologies

- Not appropriate emphasis in an interagency, cross-cutting Not appropriate emphasis in an interagency, cross-cutting ‘umbrella’ or framework where this existing and ongoing ‘umbrella’ or framework where this existing and ongoing initiatives can coexists and be respected (including the initiatives can coexists and be respected (including the attribution and credits)attribution and credits)

- Symptoms of institutional “jealousies” that can potentially Symptoms of institutional “jealousies” that can potentially put in jeopardy the project if relations and cooperation with put in jeopardy the project if relations and cooperation with other clusters and agencies are not carefully managedother clusters and agencies are not carefully managed


Some relevant unresolved issuesSome relevant unresolved issues

The cluster approach and its application in concrete The cluster approach and its application in concrete field / national setupsfield / national setups

The competing / complementarities of interests of The competing / complementarities of interests of agencies in the groundagencies in the ground

The competing interests of national institutions, The competing interests of national institutions, challenging the systemchallenging the system

The lack of an agreed conceptual framework prior to The lack of an agreed conceptual framework prior to the disaster to assess from emergency to early the disaster to assess from emergency to early recovery and move to sustainable reconstruction recovery and move to sustainable reconstruction processesprocesses

The necessary flexibility/adaptability to changing The necessary flexibility/adaptability to changing disaster impacts and national institutional setupsdisaster impacts and national institutional setups


Thank you!Thank you!http://groups.google.com/group/pdna-for-recovery

http://www.eclac.org

break the vicious circle of disasters: from living in risk to living with risk

Documents

assessment pdna

integrated assessment

humansocial needs

differential needs

riskpost disaster

main pdna guide deliverable

longer term needs

ilofao development