bower session presentation final

8/6/2019 Bower Session Presentation Final

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ABSTRACT & POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

Infiltration Gallery Testing for Integration

into Dual Purpose Irrigation Systems:

Managed Aquifer Recharge in Walla Walla Basin

Robert Bower

Principal Hydrologist

Golder Associates

Christchurch, New Zealand

Managed Aquifer Recharge SymposiumJanuary 25-26, 2011

Irvine, California


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Title:InfiltrationGalleryTestingforIntegrationintoDualPurposeIrrigationSystems Managed

AquiferRechargeinWallaWallaRiverBasin,Oregon

TheWallaWallaBasinisabistatebasininnortheasternOregonandsoutheasternWashington,

throughwhichflowstheWallaWallaRiver,aprimarypassageandrearinghabitatforendangered

troutaswellasthefocusoftribaleffortsatChinooksalmonandlampreyrestoration.Themiddle

sectionoftheWallaWallaRiversystemconsistsofaseriesofdistributarychannelsthatdirectwater

awayfromthemainchannel,andultimatelyreemergeinthemainchanneldownstreamwhilethe

underlyingalluvialaquiferdemonstratesstrongconnectivitybetweenthesurfaceandgroundwater.

Historicalhumanactivitiesincludingthestraighteningofnaturalriverchannels,theliningof

irrigationcanalsaswellasdramaticincreasesingroundwaterwithdrawalshaveresultedindeclining

groundwaterlevels,reducednaturalspringflows,andexcessiveflowlossesthroughseepagein

losingportionsoftheWallaWallaRiver.

Recognizingthesetrends,theWallaWallaBasinWatershedCouncil(WWBWC)inpartnershipwith

theHudsonBayDistrictImprovementCompany(HBDIC)decidedin2003and2004tobuildapilot

alluvialmanagedaquiferrecharge(MAR)project.

Aportionofthispilotprojectsitehasbeendedicatedtodevelopingtoolsforintegratingmanaged

aquiferrecharge(MAR)intomoreefficientsurfaceirrigationdeliverysystems.Thesetoolswould

servethedualpurposeofbothimprovingsurfacewaterdeliveryefficiencywhilemitigatingforthe

lostrechargeresultingfromthepipingandliningofleakyirrigationcanals.Fourtypesofsubsurface

materialsanddesignswerechosentocomparethecostofmaterialsrelativetotheiranticipated

effectiverechargeratesandhowthoseratesmaydecreasethroughtimeduetoclogging.

Infiltrationgallery#1(IG1)wasconstructedusing4inch(101mm)perforatedpipe(ADS)thatcan

bepurchasedinexpensivelyfromanyhomebuildersupplystoreanditseasyinstallationallowsfor

lowinstallationcosts.InfiltrationGallery#2(IG2)utilized4inch(101mm)perforatedPVCpipe

typicallyusedindomesticseptictilingsystems.InfiltrationGallery#3(IG3)wasbuiltwithStormtechChambersthatareopenbottomedallowingthewatertoinfiltratedownward. Infiltrationgallery#4(IG4)utilizedAtlantisRaintankswhichresembleboxesthatareopenonallsidesallowingforintrachamberwaterexchange,howevertheirinstallationcostswerethehighestofthefourdesigns.Galleriesweretestedbothindividuallyandcollectivelyforaportionofthe20089and200910

rechargeseasons(November1stthroughMay15

th). Averageinstantaneousrechargeratesfora

1086feet2(101m

2)rechargefootprintrangedbetween0.4cfs(11.3l/s)to1.67cfs(47.3l/s)forthe

Robert Bower


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Infiltration Gallery Testing for Integration intoDual Purpose Irrigation Systems -Managed Aquifer Recharge in the Walla Walla BasinWashington-Oregon, USA

Bob Bower, MSc-Eng., BSc.,Principal HydrologistGolder Associates, Christchurch New Zealand

NWRIs Managed Aquifer Recharge Symposium

Irvine, California

Theatrette 26th, January 2011, Session 8 at 14:30


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Walla Walla Basin?


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Walla Walla - Land of many small watersCayuse Indians


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Discharge

Recharge

IrrigationEfficiency

Pumping

Tiled wetlands

Floodplainfunction

ImperviousArea

Declining baseflows and springs

Walla Walla Basin

Groundwater Storage


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Lost water: Recharges irrigators

wells

Replenishes Aquifers Provides baseflows to

springs and rivers

Salmon/Trout Endangered

River Flows Needed

Federal/State Funding

Irrigators:

Saving Water

Restoring Habitat

Pressures to Pipe -

Saved

Water To River

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Historicditches/streams


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Save in Summer

Recharge in Winter

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Open Canals Piped Canals


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Infiltration Gallery Testing?

Why Galleries? Land Costs and Availability

Mounding minimised (e.g. Urban applications)

Surface contamination (e.g. Pesticide drift) Water supplied with head pressure

Minimises ditch/race annual maintenance

Installed fields margins, lanes and other nonessential farmground

Consolidate water quality monitoring

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Our Testing Objectives

Compare designs/materials

Infiltration rates versus costs

Clogging Rates Short term

Long term

Walla Walla River to Intake TSS Turbidity

Mounding - effects on canal pipes/designs

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Planning and Designs

ODEQ/EPA -Underground Injection Control (UIC) permitting program Did not exceed horizontal depth threshold easier

Supplementary Water Quality Monitoring

TSS Turbidity, TOC. etc.

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InfiltrationGalleriesMaterials

TotalMaterialCosts

(2008)

InletStructure $4,300

MainlinePipe $14,200

MainValueStructure $3,330

IG#1PerforatedPipe $2,211

IG

#2

Drain

Tile

(septic) $2,274IG#3StormtechChambers $7,764

IG#4AtlantisRainTanks $10,078

Total $44,157


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* Not to scale


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Common use - drainage Infiltration Area: 667 ft2

(62 m2)

Cost - $3.32/foot

2

Easy Installation

Easily Acquired

Infiltration Gallery #1 (IG-1): Perforated Drain Pipe (ADS)

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Infiltration Gallery #2 (IG-2): Ethylene Drain Tile (Septic)

Common Use Septicsystems

Infiltration Area: 667 ft2

(62 m2)

Cost - $3.41/foot2

Easy Installation

Easily Acquired


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Common Use Stormwater systems

Infiltration Area: 1070ft2 (99.4 m2)

Cost - $7.26/foot2

Moderate Installation

Shipping Required

Infiltration Gallery #3 (IG-3): Stormtech SC-740 Chambers


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Backfill: native materials

Common Use Drainage/RainwaterHarvesting

Infiltration Area: 1080 ft2

(100.3 m2)

Cost - $9.33/foot2

Overseas supplier

(AUS)

Infiltration Gallery #4 (IG-4): Atlantis D-Raintank Modules

flow

Gallery top: filter fabric and mesh


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Inspection Ports/Vents Individual flow meters

instant/totaliser

Water Quality HBDIC Site WQ Plan

TSS vs. Turbidity Meter

Lysimeter Transects Water Levels (In-situ LT100)

Surveyed datums

Gallery Instrumentation and Monitoring

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Results: Operational and Design Issues

Could not run four concurrently (flooding)

IG-1 and IG-3, IG-2 and IG-4

Flow and Turbidity meters issues (#2)

IG-3/IG-4 inflow restricted

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854

855

856

857

858

859

860

861

862

863

864

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ELEVATION(

FEET)

Date

Infiltration Gallery #1: Initial Operations (4 day)

PZ-4

PZ-5

PZ-6

Start Stopped

ater Level Logger

PZ 1 PZ 2 PZ3 PZ 4 PZ 5 PZ 6

IG #1


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Aquifer Response: HBDIC Spreading Basins and Infiltration Gallery (2008-9)


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Percolation Rates (non-normalised)

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IG1

IG2

IG3

IG4

53.1

65.2

29.8 31.0

16.6

64.6

28.830.5

HBDICInfiltrationGalleryPercolationRates(metres/day)20089 200910


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Conclusions

Relative to area - recharge rates are high(surprisingly)

Assessment of clogging inconclusive(subsequent seasons)

IG-1 native backfill/small slits Design sizing, metering and location

relative to other sources of recharge critical

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Next Steps

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Increase intake pipe sizing on IG-3 and IG-4 Meters replaced/operating

Camera inspection parts to document clogging Does size matter?

Are smaller, spatially dispersed recharge sitesmore effective than larger?

Influences of mounding?

Water Quality Benefits


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[email protected]

[email protected]

www.wwbwc.org

Walla Walla Basin MAR Program
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Golders Global MAR Team

Southern Florida Water Management District:Regional Risk and Environmental BenefitsAssessment of 300+ ASR well program to restoreEverglades National Park.

Walla Walla, Washington: Use of infiltration basinsand galleries to restore spring flows to salmon-bearing river and stabilize declining groundwatersupplies.

Essex and Suffolk, United Kingdom: Pilot testingand diffusion exchange modelling of injection wells

for municipal water needs in a fractured chalk aquifer. Redmond, Washington: Recharge of stormwater as

means to reducing surface runoff, removingcontaminants and recharging aquifer supplies.

Delphi, India: Assessment of mandatory rooftoprainfall harvesting and check dam structures for MAR

groundwater storage program. Adelaide, South Australia: Assessment of feasibility

of rainwater harvesting and reuse for industrial sitewater management and sustainability.

MAR TEAM HIGHLIGHTS

New Zealand +64 3 377 5696Australia +61 8 9213 7600

USA +1 206 267 1166Florida +1 904 363 3430

Portland +1 503 607 1820United Kingdom +44 1628 586 200

There are numerous above and below ground water managementtools for the implementation of Managed Aquifer Recharge. Fromrainwater harvesting to deep injection-recovery wells, Golder hasthe global expertise to help you build a sustainable and costeffective managed underground storage program.

Thank youBob Bower [email protected]

bower session presentation final

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