book review: carbon nanotubes. by stephanie reich, christian thomsen, and janina maultzsch

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and biochemistry. Applying microtech- nology to chemistry and biology, how- ever, is a challenge. First, it requires that we grasp the appropriate concepts from microtechnology and redirect them to solve problems in biology and chemistry. Second, it is necessary to implement a mixture of functional ele- ments to process or analyze liquids, which can be a challenge for designing and fabricating a chip. And third, high- tech gadgets must be simple to use. Lab-on-a-chip devices tackle these chal- lenges by incorporating a variety of functionalities, such as user±device interfaces, pumps, valves, mixers, and sensors, into a chip. These devices are able to manipulate microliter quantities of liquids for processing and analysis. Some examples are the separation of biomolecules (DNA or proteins) into a microcapillary and their detection using electrochemistry or spectrophotometry. Other examples are the crystallization of proteins using small volumes of sam- ples, the detection of pathogens or dis- ease markers in blood for diagnostic applications, and the investigation of ligand±receptor interactions to screen for pharmaceutical product candidates. Lab-on-a-chip devices permit costly re- agents and samples to be used sparingly and reactions limited by the diffusion of reagents to be accelerated, thus making such analyses less labor-intensive. Novel concepts and applications for lab-on-a- chip devices are continuously emerging, but it will presumably be a long time before they become ubiquitous, and careful thinking is needed to devise and fabricate them appropriately. This book provides an introduction to lab-on-a-chip devices by addressing both the type of functionalities that these devices can incorporate as well as their microfabrication. The authors assume the standpoint of a newcomer to the field who wants to prototype a microfluidic chip. Hence, they review in ten chapters theoretical concepts pecu- liar to microfluidics and their compo- nents, explain how to simulate flow and transport in microsystems, review stan- dard microfabrication techniques, and discuss them in the context of microma- chining Si, glass, and polymers. They go on to explain why packaging is impor- tant and how to practice it, and con- clude with a description of selected applications of microsystems in analyti- cal chemistry. This is a good choice because it follows the logical sequence of steps necessary to engineer a lab-on- a-chip device. It not only provides a clear articulation of the topics discussed but makes information easy to find. I like finding such a variety of topics in one book because this connects var- ious aspects of a problem that otherwise tend to be covered by specialized litera- ture or known to specialists only. For example, the third chapter provides a good basis of the theoretical aspects of microfluidics, presented in simple lan- guage and without burying the reader under excessive detail. At the same time, one of the later chapters covers a very practical issue: devices have to be packaged as well as connected to per- ipherals and user interfaces. This chap- ter has the particular merit of narrowing the discussion to key techniques. I regret only three things: 1) The chapter on cleanrooms is not good because it is not very informative and lacks good llustrations. It could have been merged with the chapter on silicon and clean- room processing. 2) The description of mixers and valves is a bit narrow in scope. 3) Finally, many more examples of applications could have been given at the end of the book. I recommend this book to anyone who wants to start working on miniatur- ized analytical/biological applications. It is interdisciplinary and accessible not only to engineers but also to chemists and biochemists interested in under- standing the basics of microfluidic sys- tems. This book presents readers with the basics of designing and fabricating lab-on-a-chip devices, which should facilitate their access to this field. Al- though experts will probably prefer the already voluminous existing literature, it is convenient to find in one place such a variety of topics and explanations con- cerning a field that is by nature so di- verse and quickly evolving. The authors have found a didactic approach to in- form you about (nearly) everything you ever wanted to know about engineering lab-on-a-chip devices but were afraid to ask. Emmanuel Delamarche IBM Research Zurich Research Laboratory Säumerstrasse 4 CH-8803 Rüschlikon (Switzerland) Stephanie Reich, Christian Thomsen, and Janina Maultzsch Carbon Nanotubes Basis Concepts and Physical Properties. Wiley-VCH, Berlin 2004, ix + 215 pp., hardcover, Euro 99.00, ISBN 3-527-40386-8. Since their discovery by S. Iijima in 1991 as a novel allotropic form of car- bon, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have rapidly evolved into an established fac- tor in experimental and theoretical physical and physicochemical research. With their unique optical, electronic, and mechanical properties, nanotubes hold great potential for nanotechnology and future high-tech nanoapplications. Thus it is not unexpected that, as nano- tube research progressed, a need was felt for introductory and comprehensive textbooks focusing on theoretical and experimental concepts of carbon nano- tubes. Carbon NanotubesÐBasic Concepts and Physical Properties , by S. Reich, C. Thomsen, and J. Maultzsch from the BOOK REVIEWS 1968 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim http://www.advmat.de Adv. Mater. 2004, 16, No. 21, November 4

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