BNM Concluding Remarks Tom Browder (University of Hawaii)

The Super B Factory and “Todaiji”

By 798 the vast compound of Todaiji and its buildings were completed. According to Todaiji records, 50,000 carpenters, 370,000 metal workers, and 2.18 million laborers worked on its construction and furnishings. The enormous expenses virtually brought the nation to the brink of bankruptcy.

Deep Unsolved Problems in Particle Physics

Where is the anti-matter ?• Sakharov 1967: SM has the prerequisites for

baryogenesis: – Baryon number violation at high temperatures (B=L)

– Non-equilibrium (phase transitions)– CP violation in the quark sector

• However, according to the theory department: “The KM (Kobayashi-Maskawa) phase in the SM is

probably not sufficient (by about 10 orders of magnitude !)”

Refs: V.A Rubakov, M.E. Shaposhnikov, Phys.Usp 39,461 (1996); A.G. Cohen, D.B. Kaplan, A.E. Nelson,Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 43, 27 (1993).

“A New source of CP violation in quarks ?”

Are there New Physics Phases and New sources of CP Violation Beyond the SM ?

Are there right-handed currents ?

Are there new flavor changing neutral currents ?

Are there new operators with quarks enhanced by New Physics ?

Fundamental Questions in Flavor Physics

Experiments: bs CPV, compare CPV angles from tree and loops

Experiments: AFB(BK*l l), BK rates and asymmetries

Experiments: bs CPV, B->VPγ or BV V triple-product asymmetries

Experiments: bs ννbar, D-Dbar CPV+mixing+rare, τγ

These questions can only be answered at a Super B Factory.

Why three generations ?

String Theory ? (e.g. P.Binetruy et.al.,

hep-th/0509157; J.Phys G.32: 129 (2006)); Larger Symmetry Groups ?

Experiments with quarks or heavy leptons?

This question is probably too hard – more tractable questions…..

Thanks, Tim Gershon

New physics effects in B decayswill depend on the type of NP

SUSY Models popular in Japan (e.g. SU(5) GUT’s connects ’s and quarks)

Generic predictions: no signf. effects in B decays, (due to Tevatron Bs mixing constraint) however, enhanced lepton flavor violation such as γ

Generic SUSY Not constrained well. But impossible to make ab initio predictions, too much freedom and too many extra phases and couplings.

Extra dimensions

e.g. Okada

2006:Intriguing Tension between |Vub| and sin(2φ1)tree loop

Small non-zero NP phase

Amplitude close to 1

R. Itoh

x

L. Silvestrini

Off-diagonal SUSY terms with current data

CKM Unitarity Triangle (in)consistency

50 ab1Two scenarios at

Precise measurements may show φ3 (tree) measurements are inconsistent with loops.

Super B Factory

Something new in

Extra dimensions (by Randall + Sundrum)

New Kaluza-Klein (K.K) particles are associated with the extra dimension.

(“Tower of states”)

Some may induce certain types of flavor-changing neutral currents.

e.g. K.Agashe, G. Perez, A. Soni, PRD 71, 016002 (2005)

Model: K.K. Gluon near 3 TeV

RS1

SM

++CPV in D decay

New Detectors for B Physics

The Super B Factory will face tough competition from LHCb, which is now a real experiment.

LHCb

There is considerable complementarity: photon, neutral detection and inclusive channels are considerable easier at the Super B Factory while time-dependent Bs studies are superior at LHCb.

J. Libby

10 fb-1 for LHCb

50 fb-1 for SuperB

New Ideas and Unsolved Problems for the Detector at the Super B Factory

“Red meat for experimental physicists”

Do we have robust solutions for vertexing and particle ID ?

FWDEndCap

BWDEndCap

Barrel

Realistic designbased on discussionwith QCS group

Vertex:Si striplet (MAPS later) inner-most and Si strip trackerTracker:Drift chamber r>15cmPID: w/TOP and AC-RICH (endcap)ECAL:CsI (Tl) +wave from (barrel) pure CsI+PMT (endcap): Scintillator +SiPM

SuperBelle default

Detector LayoutBASELINE

OPTION

Detector summary (Haba)

• Now the two detectors look alike even more than before.– 1cm Be beam pipe– Striplet (MAP pixels later) + 5 layer Si strips– Drift chamber tracker for r>15cm– PID with a DIRC-like principle + optional FWD PID– EMcal with CsI(Tl) (barrel reuse) + pure CsI (or LSO) for endcap

• Several important points to note– Energy asymmetry/vertex resolution– KLM detector– APD for pure CsI endcap – Role of backward EC for hermiticity

Differences are worth investigating….

There is convergence on the detector

Comments on Super B Factory Accelerator Developments

ILC ring & ILC FF

Simplified SuperB layout Crossing angle = 2*25 mrad

November 2006

Piredda

Energy asymmetry discussion

INFN: To reduce beam energy spread, improve beam dynamics and reduce power costs, reduce the factor from 0.56 to 0.23. To recover BaBar level physics performance, must reduce the beampipe radius to 1cm and improve vertexing performance…

There is no free lunch

May improve acceptance for high multiplicity modes and hermiticity

Similar discussions are underway for SuperKEKB in order to reduce power and wiggler costs (T. Tsuboyama, Ohnishi)

Background from Touschek scattering ?

• Data taken 28-June-2003 12:30~13:00

• LER single beam• Vertical beam size changed

by “size bump”• Beam lifetime expected to

follow

Background could depend on

y

bunch

Touschek

i

1

...)(

Touschek

Touschek

vac

vac kkiB

i

dt

diB

Beam current

Beam life

1/

k might be different for different processes

Vertical beam size y

Interaction RegionCrab crossing

=30mrad.y*=3mm

New QCS

Super B Factory at KEK

Linac upgrade

More RF power

Damping ring

New Beam pipe

Ante-chamber & solenoid coilsto reduce photo-electron clouds

L = 81035/cm2 /sec

First step towards Super B: Crab crossing

. Superconducting crab cavities are now being tested and will be installed at KEKB in 2007

Question: 12 nanometer beam spot in y, 2.7 microns in x. Is this possible in a real 2-3 km circumference multi-orbit machine ?

ILC-style international review committee can examine whether this is realistic

Piredda

Master Plan for Japanese High Energy Physics

“Dai-repoton keikaku”

K. Oide

Official Announcement from KEK director A. Suzuki on Super B expected in 2007

Budget of Japanese

accelerator physicists

Thinking outside of the 箱　 (hako)

E. Baracchini

E. Baracchini

E. Baracchini Bsγγ at Upsilon(5S)

Another example where the Super B is the only machine where this experiment is possible.

Searches for light (~GeV) Dark Matter

• B decays with missing energy: e.g. BK + nothing (use fully reconstructed tags)

• Upsilon(1S)nothing (use Upsilon(3S)->Upsilon(1S) and run KEKB

at the Upsilon(3S) resonance, modify trigger) (new Belle UL)

T. Iijima

O. Tajima

No sensitivity of direct searches to M<10 GeV

Expected BF~O(6 x 10-3)

Also may use Upsilon(nS) to look for a very light CP odd neutral Higgs a1 (J. Gunion)

Results of Belle Dark Matter Search

dataFit BG PredictionBr(Y(1S)invisble)=0.6%

Nsignal = 38 ± 39, consistent with zero

BF(Y(1S)invisible) < 2.5x10-3 (90%C.L.)McElrath prediction is disfavored.

SM : Y(1S)bar

O. Tajima

Doing light dark matter: Uinvisible

~5 GeV,

No signal

Due to Beam-BGsuppressed “Bhabha veto”Veto with Esum of two- rings

Two-threshold logic is stillunder testing

O. Tajima

Use time-dependent flavor asymmetry in BD* l to look for deviations from quantum mechanics (Belle)

Something for the next SuperB meeting ?

Chi^2 =5 Chi^2 =43 Chi^2 =174

Wise words from a discoverer of CP violation:

Backup Slides

Vertical waist has to be a function of x:

Z=0 for particles at –x (- x/2 at low current)

Z= x/ for particles at +x (x/2 at low current) Crabbed waist realized with a sextupole in phase with the IP in

X and at /2 in Y

“Crab waist” removes beam-beam betratron couplingIntroduced by the crossing angle

“Crab waist” (P. Raimondi)

2z

x

2x

2x/

2z*

Y

z

e-e+

May be studied at KEKB and DAFNE in machine experiments

O 1.0Km O 0.7Km

Possible site: Tor Vergata campusRing circumference: 3.-2.2 km

Piredda

Civil construction synergy with FEL project or subway ???

Sigx* m 2.67Etax mm 0.0Sigy nm 12.6Betx mm 9.0Bety mm 0.080Sigz_IP mm 6.0Sige_IP 1.3e-3Sige_Lum 0.9e-3Emix nm

0.8

Emiy nm

0.002

Emiz m 8.0Cross_angle mrad 2*25Sigz_DR mm 6.0Sige_DR 1.3e-3Np 10e10 2.3Nbunches 6000DR_length km 3.0Damping_time msec 20Nturns_betwe_coll 1Collision freq MHz 600Lsingleturn 1e36 1.2Lmultiturn 1e36 1.0

• An ILC-like parameter list

• Same DR emittances

• Same DR bunch length

• Same DR bunch charges

• Same DR damping time

• Same ILC-IP betas

• Crossing Angle and Crab Waist to minimize BB blowup

Piredda