Juvenile Diabetes (Type 1)

Blue Group Leela Gail Patricia Nicole

HistoryAffects children from an early age

Detected from as early as 17th century AD

Frederick Banting – discovery of insulin

An exact cause not known

Causes insulin dependency

Clinical DescriptionAuto Immune Disease

Decreased insulin production

No known prevention methods

Definition:Decreased insulin production

High blood sugar and

decreased insulin production Helps the body’s cells to

convert sugar into energy

Absence, causes buildup in blood

Helps the body’s cells to convert sugar into energy

Absence, causes buildup in blood

Juvenile DiabetesThe symptoms of Type 1 diabetes (juvenile diabetes) may occur suddenly, and include:

Frequent urination Increased thirst Extreme hunger Unexplained weight loss Extreme weakness and

fatigue

Urinating at night (nocturnal enuresis)

Blurred vision Numbness or tingling in

the hands or feet Heavy or labored

breathing Drowsiness or lethargy Fruity odor on the

breath

Juvenile Diabetes

The symptoms of Type 1 diabetes (juvenile diabetes) may occur suddenly, and include:

• Frequent urination• Increased thirst• Extreme hunger• Unexplained weight

loss• Extreme weakness

and fatigue

• Urinating at night (nocturnal enuresis)

• Blurred vision• Numbness or tingling in the

hands or feet• Heavy or labored breathing• Drowsiness or lethargy• Fruity odor on the breath

Long-Term Effects of Diabetes Type One on the Body’s Organs

Type 1 diabetes can have long-term effects such as…

1. Heart and Blood Vessel Damage

2. Neuropathy3. Nephropathy4. Retinopathy5. Complications

During Pregnancy6. Peripheral Artery

Disease

Type 1 diabetes, or juvenile diabetes, occurs mainly in children and young adults, but it can develop at any age. According to the American Diabetes Association, only 5 percent to 10 percent of people with diabetes have Type 1. Type 1 diabetes develops when the body's immune system kills the pancreatic cells that are responsible for producing insulin. (Nash, 2011)

Total: 25.8 million children and adults in the United States—8.3% of the population—have diabetes. Diagnosed: 18.8 million people Undiagnosed: 7.0 million people Pre diabetes: 79 million people* New Cases: 1.9 million new cases of diabetes are diagnosed in people aged 20 years and older in 2010.

Total Prevalence of Diabetes

Juvenile Diabetes Type 1Demographics and Statistics

15,600 newly diagnosed between 2002 – 2005 3,600 newly diagnosed youth

Non-Hispanic white youth have the highest rates of new type 1 diabetes cases

Type 2 diabetes is rare among ages 10 but greater 10–19 years U.S. minority populations have higher rates than non-Hispanic whites

rates of new cases are greater for type 2 than for type 1 diabetes in Asian/Pacific Islander Americans, American Indian youths and non-Hispanic black and Hispanic/Latino youth ages 10–19 years (Center For Disease Control and Prevention, 2011)

The cost of diabetes was estimated at $174 billion total costs for diagnosed diabetes in 2007 with $116 billion going towards direct medical costs. (National

Impact on Adult Client Mentally and emotionally depression

fatigue and stress.

Chemical imbalances with swinging moodsPhysically Heart Disease, Stroke, hypertension, blindness, eye problems, kidney,

nerve diseases, amputations, dental diseases, spontaneous abortions and large babies for pregnant mothers and acute life threatening events

Sexually

Erectile dysfunction (ADA,2012)

Impact on Adult Client Access to Health care

The federal health care reform legislation has it that a diagnosis of diabetes will no longer be a lawful reason to deny health care

 Insurance companies will not be allowed to limit benefits or drop coverage when a person needs health care most

(American Diabetes Association, 2012)Impact on Adult Client Susceptibility to Substance abuse

People who suffer from diabetes may turn to alcohol or drugs in order to ease the symptoms of depression.

Diabetics may develop a higher tolerance to alcohol (eHow Health…Retrieved)

Impact on Adult Client Prenatal care and childbearing.

major birth defects in 5% to 10% of pregnancies spontaneous abortions in 15% to 20% of pregnancies

Occupational considerations and hazards. Evaluation for employment Evaluation for safety risks Provision of accommodation (ADA,2009)

Ability to cope with stress. fight-or-flight response is affected

Insulin is not always able to let the extra energy into the cells, so glucose piles up in the blood.

Stress hormones that are designed to deal with short-term danger stay turned on for a long time with long-term stress causing long-term high blood glucose levels (ADA,2012)

Expected outcomes for adult client living with Type 1 Diabetes Client will : Have a Balanced Nutrition: meeting the demands of the body and the

necessary requirements. Will show signs of proper body image -client will not see self different from

peers . Client will demonstrate compliance of restricted lifestyle: changes in diet,

dietary management , medication, insulin administration, exercise, and self-monitoring of blood.

Adult client will show signs of prosperity verbalizing hope for the future and expressing feelings.

Client will demonstrate knowledge of Diabetes and the disease process.

Education for adults with this condition.

Health screening & Health promotion

Health Interventions

Client is able to identify the body for signs of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia.

Client is capable in preventing/reducing the risk of developing infection.

Client complies with regular check-ups and exams to manage disease with clients endocrinologist

Proper skin and foot care, checks skin daily.

Yearly eye exams Client exercises on a regular basis.

Determine the diet and eating patterns of patients and compare it with foods that can be spent on patients . Collaborate with a dietitian.The client involves his/her family with meal plans and healthy eating patterns.Examination of blood sugar testing and (self-monitoring.) Insulin administrations and treatments.

ResourcesCommunity Yuma Regional Medical Center Diabetes

Education Center~ Offers 101 classes, support services for clients and family members, Diabetes self-management skills training, administration of insulin, support groupsKachina Building, 2451 S. Avenue A, Suite 104. Yuma, Az 85364 - 928-336-7309National

CDC DiabetesMission: To reduce the preventable burden of diabetes through public health leadership, partnership, research, programs, and policies that translate science into practicehttp://www.cdc.gov/diabetes 8am-8pm ET Monday-Friday Closed Holidays cdcinfo@cdc.gov 1-800-CDC-INFO / 1-888-232-6348

•$174 billion: Total costs of diagnosed diabetes in the United States in 2007 •$116 billion for direct medical costs •$58 billion for indirect costs (disability, work loss, premature mortality)

The United States of Diabetes: Challenges and Opportunities in the Decade Ahead focuses on four categories of potential cost savings over the next 10 years:

Cost of Diabetes

1. Lifestyle Intervention to Combat Obesity

2. Early Intervention to Prevent Pre diabetes from Becoming Diabetes

3. Diabetes Control through Medication and Care Compliance Programs

4. Lifestyle Intervention Strategies for Diabetes Control

References American Diabetes Association 2012 - retrieved http://www.diabetes.org/advocate.our-priorities/health-care/

American Diabetes Association, 2012. Living with Diabetes - retrieved http://www.diabetes.org/living-with-diabetes/complications/stress.html

Diabetes and Employment, 2009 retrieved http://creativecommons.org/licences/by-nc-nd/3.0/

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011. National diabetes fact Sheet retrieved - http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs/pdf/ndfs_2011.pdf

Relationship between Substance Abuse & Diabetes – retrieved eHow.com retrieved http://www.ehow.com/facts6296744relationship-substance-abuse-amp-diabetes.html#ixzz2C223/CYO

References Type 1 diabetes 2010 prime group for JDRF, mar 2011 ()

http://www.jdrf.org/index.cfm?page_id=101982

Picture for slide 4: http://diabetes.webmd.com/ss/slideshow-type-1-diabetes-overview

Association, A. D. (2012). Diabetes Statistics. Retrieved November 11, 2012, from Diabetes Basics: http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/diabetes-statistics/

Nash, C. (2011, May 4). live strong. Retrieved November 11, 2012, from Long-Term Effects of Diabetes Type One: http://www.livestrong.com/article/77488-longterm-effects-diabetes-type-one/