Blood and Blood Typing

Blood and Blood TypingFact or FictionThe average human body contains 10 liters of bloodFalse, it contains 5 liters of blood (equal to 1.3 gallons)The amount of exercise someone gets accounts for varying levels of RBCs in individualsTrue, the body needs more oxygen as it worksMen have more RBCs per microliter of blood than femalesTrue, in general men have a bigger body mass when compared to womenBlood is purple until it is exposed to oxygen and then it turns redFalse, blood is always red regardless of oxygen exposure

Oxygenated blood vs Deoxygenated blood

The blood on the left is oxygenated, the right is deoxygenated blood (from a vein)

Functions of BloodTransportationE.x. RegulationE.x. ProtectionE.x.

Transports: O2, CO2, nutrients, wastes, hormonesRegulates: Ph level, body temp, Protects: blood clots, WBCs, 4Components of BloodCellsRed blood cellsWhite blood cellsPlatelets

Blood Plasma Plasma (mostly water)

Which type of tissue is blood classified as?

Components of Blood

HematocritThe volume of blood cells in a sample

What should it be? Plasma (45%)Cells (55%)RBCs 99%WCBs and platelets 1%

Formation of Blood Cells(AKA hemopoiesis)Where does it occur?Red bone marrow Trabeculae (spongy bone) Did RBC formation begin here?No

Occurs first in the yolk sac of an embryo, then later in the liver, spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes of fetus8Pluripotent Stem cells

9Red Blood Cells(AKA Erythrocyte)Biconcave shapeMore surface area Carry oxygenO2 binds to hemoglobinCan vary in number between individualsWhy?

Hemoglobin give RBC their red colorMore surface area allows for diffusion of Co2 and O2People vary in the amount of exercise they do (or dont do). More exercise requires more oxygen, which causes the body to make more red blood cells. 10HemoglobinGives whole blood its red colorO2 binding siteBinds with O2= Bright redReleases O2= Dark red

HypoxiaProlonged oxygen deficiencyWhat does this result in?

Results in cyantonic apperance (blue)12Red Blood Cell Life CycleAverage lifespan120 daysRupture (die) when passing through capillariesDestroyed by macrophages

13Red Blood Cell Life CycleHemoglobin breaks downIron (heme)Amino acids (globin)

Non-heme part of iron broken downBiliverdin Which is further broken down

Iron (heme part) is reused, Amino acids (globin part) used to synthesize other proteins14Why is your poo brown? Eventually biliverdin is converted intoUrobilin (yellow)UrineStercobilin (pigment)Feces (poo)

Why are certain vitamins so important?They are need to synthesize hemoglobinB12Folic acidHelp absorb ironVitamin CAnemiaToo few RBCs or hemoglobin

ErythropoiesisFormation of RBCsUsually occurs as RBCs are destroyedDisruption in balance causes hypoxiaCauses more RBCs to be made More EPO is released

Erythropoietin(EPO)Hormone made by kidneysIt Stimulates RBC productionMore RBCs = more O2 sent to tissues

Blood Dopinghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G7KZxIR1t-o

Blood Concept Map TermsProtect/transport/regulateRBCsHemoglobinErythropoiesisOxygenHomeostasis

LeukocytesBone MarrowNucleusSpleenBiconcave diskWaterPlasmaWhite Blood CellsAKA LeukocytesFunction to protect the bodyFive different typesGranulocytes (Granules in cytoplasm) NeutrophilsEosinophilsBasophilsAgranulocytes (no granules) MonocytesLymphocytes

Neutrophil

First to respond to infectionActive phagocytesDestroy invaders by releasing enzymes Present in pus of wounds60% of WBC

MonocyteMigrate into infected tissuesBecome macrophagesDestroy invaders and clean up cellular debris

EosinophilsHave enzymes that combat against allergic reactionsMainly attack parasitesEx. WormsWhat does a high count mean? Allergic reaction OrParasitic infection

BasophilsInvolved in inflammatory Liberate histamine and heparin

LymphocytesB cellsDevelop into plasma cellsProduce antibodiesDestroy bacteria and their toxins

LymphocytesT CellsAttackVirusesFungiTransplanted cellsCancer cellsSome bacteria

LymphocytesNatural Killer cells (NK)AttackVariety of microbesTumor cells

Blood Concept Map TermsAlbuminsAntibodiesEosinophilsDefend against diseaseGlobulinsHemostasisInflammatory ReactionMonocytePlateletsPhagocyte

WBC Life SpanOnly phagocytize a certain amountsLive for days or hoursDie off faster during infectionWhy?

Die off faster during infection because the are working harder30PlateletsAKA ThrombocytesHelp blood clot by sticking to the lining of blood vessels

HemostasisSequence of events that occur to stop bleeding

InvolvesCoagulation (thickening of blood)Clotting of blood

Coagulation is the thickening of blood32Three Events in HemostasisBlood vessel SpasmBlood vessel contracts/narrowsVasoconstriction enhanced by plateletsPlate plug formsPlatelets combine to from pug

Blood vessel can spasm for hours or minutesPlatelets send chemical message to enhance constriction33Three Events in HemostasisBlood vessel SpasmPlate plug formsBlood coagulation

Blood vessel can spasm for hours or minutesPlatelets send chemical message to enhance constriction34Blood Clot Story Board

BrainpopWhat are the two components to your blood type?What is hemolysis?What is the Rh factor?What is the most common blood type in Americans?What is the least common blood type in Americans?Antigens

Found on surface of cellsStimulate an immune response

ABO Blood GroupsWhat are the four blood types?ABABOWhole Blood AntegensType of antigen on RBC will determine blood typeE.x

AntibodesNon-matching antibody found in plasmaE.x. Rh FactorMakes blood type either + or

Rh+ Rh antigen present

Rh- No Rh antigen

Blood Typing

Antibodies

Type of WBCDefends the body

Found in plasma

React with antigens

Agglutination

Occurs when matching antibodies and antigens bind

What happens if that occurs in a RBC?ABO Blood Types Chart

Blood TypeAntigen on RBCAntibody in PlasmaABABOCompatibility of blood typesCan a person with A positive blood donate to a person with A negative blood? Why or why not? Why cant a person with B blood donate blood to a person with type A blood? When does the Rh factor effect blood compatibility?When a ________ type mixes with a _________Most common in _________Why is this dangerous?

Organ and Tissue Rejection