Submitted by:-

Anay N KachariaT.Y. Btech. – Oils

SJL Confidential

..We need to take a look at a Bottle of ..We need to take a look at a Bottle of Crude OilCrude Oil

OIL

STABILISERSSTABILISERS

ANTI-OXIDANTSANTI-OXIDANTS

VITAMINSVITAMINS

TOCOPHEROLSTOCOPHEROLS

WAXESWAXES

COLOURCOLOUR

PEROXIDESPEROXIDES

ODOURODOUR

GUMSGUMS

METALSMETALS

FATTY ACIDSSFATTY ACIDSS

SOAPSSOAPS

LIPIDSLIPIDS

There areThere areNUTRIENTSNUTRIENTS....

... And ... And UNWANTED UNWANTED PRODUCTS!PRODUCTS!

WHAT‘S IN WHAT‘S IN THE OIL?THE OIL?

Crude Oil

Physical Refining

Degumming

Bleaching

Deodourization

Chemical Refining

Degumming

Alkali neutralization

Bleaching

Deodourization

Fatty acid distillates

Refined Bleached

deodourized oil

Neutralised , Bleached ,

Deodourized oil

Gums

Soap Stock

• What is bleaching ?

• Why is bleaching really done ?

• It is based on ADSORBTION

• it is Represented by an equation developed by a great scientist Freundlich log(x/m) = logK + nlogc • Process will continue till Thermodynamic equilibrium is reached

• Temperature should be maintained between 90-110 degree Celsius. • Contact Period of 20 – 30 min.• Bleaching is performed under reduced pressure• Type and amount of bleaching Agent highly influence the process parameters .

2 major processes include –• Batch process

A : Bleacher A1 : Oil inletB : Barometric condenser B1 : Oil adsorbent outletC : Vacuum pump C1 : Steam inletD1: Condensate outletE1 : Bleaching Material inlet F1: Water Inlet

• Continuous process

: Crude Oil Inlet 1: Continuous bleacherB: Oil-Earth suspension to be filtered 2: Earth tankC: Bleached oil inlet 3: Earth dosing unitD: Bleached oil outlet 4: MixerE: Water Inlet 5: Earth-oil pumpF: Steam Inlet 6: Heat Exchanger 7;Cooling unit 8;Condenser; 9;pump r 1

• Fuller’s Earth-• It is a natural clay which is very adsorbtive• Mainly consists of minerals that belong to the aluminium silicate family• Main component is bentonite

• For most bentonites necessary surface area and pores need to be created • Activation is done with acid

• Main component of bentonite is montmorillonite

• Acid activated Bleaching Earth-• Its Catalytic property is self explained by the acid status.• Its maximum importance comes with its property of degradation of peroxide• Results in the formation of trans fatty acids

• Activated Carbon -

•Can be derived from a variety of coal• Contain micropores, mesopores & macropores• It has a large adsorbent surface in a relatively small volume.

SJL Confidential

Using TriSyl with BEwill save $330K

Using TriSyl with BEwill save $330K

BE 1,4%

To DEO

100°C100°C100°C100°C

FILTERFILTER

BLEACHERBLEACHER

FROM REFINERY

TRISYL 0,1%TRISYL 0,1% BE

100°C100°C100°C100°C

FILTERFILTER

BLEACHERBLEACHER

VACUUM

To DEOFROM REFINERY

A closer look at BleachingA closer look at Bleaching

VACUUM

BleachingVessel full

(eg: Palm Oil)

0,8%

SO SO WHAT?WHAT?

THATS THATS WHAT!WHAT!

Just by tweakingAdsorbent

Combinations!... .

For a 200Kmt refinery, this will result in ~$840K oil loss!

For a 200Kmt refinery, this will result in ~$840K oil loss!

40% Oil/60%BE40% Oil/60%BE

BASED ONACTUAL CASE

SJL Confidential

Schematic TriSyl

Massive Internal Massive Internal

Surface AreaSurface Area

Low ExternalLow External

Surface AreaSurface Area

Schematic ABE

SJL Confidential

Economic Model: TriSyl/BE CombinationEconomic Model: TriSyl/BE Combination

TriSyl® - Physical Refining of Palm Oil/600 tons per day

ABE TriSyl® +ABETONS OIL PRODUCTION ANNUALLY 200000 200000 200000

DOSAGE ABE% 1,40 0,10 0,80TONS ADSORBENT CONSUMED ANNUALLY 2800 200 1600

PRICE ABE KG/$ 0,36 1,00 0,36% OIL LOSS ON FILTER CAKE 40 40 40H2O CONTENT ON ADSORBENT % 10 60 10

TONS DRY ADSORBENT ANNUALLY 2520 80 1440TONS OIL LOSS ON FILTER CAKE ANNUALLY 1680 53 960

PRICE CRUDE OIL $/KG 0,500 0,500 0,500TONS FILTER CAKE DISPOSAL ANNUALLY 4200 133 2400

DISPOSAL COSTS $/KG 0,015 0,015 0,015$ TOTAL ADSORBENT COST 1008000 200000 576000$ OIL LOSS ON FILTER CAKE 840000 26667 480000

$ TOTAL DISPOSAL COST 63000 2000 36000TOTAL COSTS/SAVINGS 1911000 228667 1092000

TOTAL $ SAVINGS ANNUALLY WITH TriSyl® 590333

TriSyl®/Spent/fresh BE/ Three Filters/92m2

THEORETICAL ECONOMIC MODEL: Actual CaseTriSyl®

- Physical Refining of Palm Oil/600 tons per day

ABE TriSyl® +ABETONS OIL PRODUCTION ANNUALLY 200000 200000 200000

DOSAGE ABE% 1,40 0,10 0,80TONS ADSORBENT CONSUMED ANNUALLY 2800 200 1600

PRICE ABE KG/$ 0,36 1,00 0,36% OIL LOSS ON FILTER CAKE 40 40 40H2O CONTENT ON ADSORBENT % 10 60 10

TONS DRY ADSORBENT ANNUALLY 2520 80 1440TONS OIL LOSS ON FILTER CAKE ANNUALLY 1680 53 960

PRICE CRUDE OIL $/KG 0,500 0,500 0,500TONS FILTER CAKE DISPOSAL ANNUALLY 4200 133 2400

DISPOSAL COSTS $/KG 0,015 0,015 0,015$ TOTAL ADSORBENT COST 1008000 200000 576000$ OIL LOSS ON FILTER CAKE 840000 26667 480000

$ TOTAL DISPOSAL COST 63000 2000 36000TOTAL COSTS/SAVINGS 1911000 228667 1092000

TOTAL $ SAVINGS ANNUALLY WITH TriSyl® 590333

TriSyl®/Spent/fresh BE/ Three Filters/92m2

THEORETICAL ECONOMIC MODEL: Actual Case

Actual Case:Unigra Italy

Actual Case:Unigra Italy

$600K$600K!!In total bIn total by tweaking y tweaking

AdsorbentsAdsorbents!!

$600K$600K!!In total bIn total by tweaking y tweaking

AdsorbentsAdsorbents!!