biomes in the ocean
DESCRIPTION
BIOMES IN THE OCEAN. LIFE ZONES IN THE OCEAN. HORIZONTAL ZONES EXTENDING FROM LAND OUT TO SEA COASTAL, PELAGIC, NERITIC, OCEANIC VERTICAL ZONES DISTANCE BELOW SEA SURFACE NEUSTIC, EUPHOTIC, APHOTIC BENTHIC ZONE SEA BOTTOM HABITANTS . HORIZONTAL ZONE. COASTAL ZONE (INTERTIDAL) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
BIOMES IN THE OCEAN
LIFE ZONES IN THE OCEAN
• HORIZONTAL ZONES–EXTENDING FROM LAND OUT
TO SEA• COASTAL, PELAGIC, NERITIC, OCEANIC
• VERTICAL ZONES–DISTANCE BELOW SEA SURFACE• NEUSTIC, EUPHOTIC, APHOTIC
• BENTHIC ZONE–SEA BOTTOM HABITANTS
HORIZONTAL ZONE
• COASTAL ZONE (INTERTIDAL)– Region where tides expose the sea
bottom for some part of the day. Between High Tide and Low Tide.
– AKA: Littoral, Nearshore, Intertidal–Organizms adapted to harsh
environmental changes
PELAGIC ZONE• LOCATED SEAWARD OF THE
COSTAL ZONE’S LOW-TIDE MARK.
• CONTAINS VAST OPEN WATER OF THE OCEAN.
• TWO SUBDIVISIONS:–NERITIC–OCEANIC
PELAGIC ZONE• NERITIC ZONE–WATER OUTLYING THE CONTINENTAL
SHELF– USUALLY EXTEND TO A DEPTH OF
600FT– SUNLIGHT PENETRATES ENTIRE
COLUMN– GREATEST DENSITY AND DIVERSITY
OF LIFE
PELAGIC ZONE• OCEANIC ZONE– REGION OF THE SEA EXTENDING
FROM THE EDGE OF THE CONTINENTAL SHELF, OVER THE CONTINENTAL SLOPE, AND OVER THE OCEAN FLOOR
–DARKNESS, HIGH PRESSURES– VERTICAL ZONES ARE SIGNIFICANT
HERE
BENTHIC ZONE• THE OCEAN FLOOR• CONTAINS ALL HABITANTS OF
THE SEA BOTTOM• COASTAL, CONTINENTAL SHELF,
DEEP OCEAN…
VERTICAL ZONES• EPIPELAGIC ZONE– PHOTIC ZONE OR SUNLIGHT ZONE
• MESOPELAGIC ZONE–DISPHOTIC ZONE OR TWILIGHT
ZONE• BATHYPELAGIC ZONE– APHOTIC ZONE OR MIDNIGHT ZONE
• ABYSSOPELAGIC ZONE– APHOTIC ZONE OR MIDNIGHT ZONE
• HADOPELAGIC ZONE– APHOTIC ZONE OR MIDNIGHT ZONE
EPIPELAGIC ZONE
• PHOTIC ZONE• ENOUGH SUNLIGHT FOR
PHOTOSYNTHESIS• PRIMARY AREA OF FOOD PRODUCTION• SURFACE TO 200M
MESOPELAGIC ZONE
• DISPHOTIC ZONE (DYSPHOTIC)
• NOT ENOUGH SUNLIGHT FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS• 200M TO 1000M
MIDNIGHT ZONES
• NO SUNLIGHT• 1000M TO BOTTOM (AROUND
11,000M LOWEST)• LOW DENSITY AND DIVERSITY
OF LIFE
• 1000M – 4000M : BATHYPELAGIC ZONE
• 4000M – 6000M : ABYSSOPELAGIC ZONE
• 6000M – 11000M : HADOPELAGIC ZONE
LIFESTYLES• 3 BASIC LIFESTYLES–PLANKTON–NEKTON–BENTHOS
PLANKTON• FLOATERS OR VERY POOR
SWIMMERS• 2 GROUPS– PHYTOPLANKTON : PRODUCERS,
PHOTOSYNTHESIZERS– ZOOPLANKTON : CONSUMERS
PHYTOPLANKTON
• MUST LIVE IN PHOTIC ZONE
• MOST ABUNDANT IN SHALLOW COASTAL AREAS OR IN UPWELLING ZONES
• BASIS OF OCEANIC FOOD CHAIN
PHYTOPLANKTON
• CYANOBACTERIA• DIATOMS• COCCOLITHOPHORES• DINOFLAGELLATES
ZOOPLANKTON• FORAMINIFERS• RADIOLARIANS• COMBJELLIES• ANTHROPODS• LARVAE
PLANKTON• MEROPLANKTON–SPEND ONLY PART OF THEIR
LIFE CYCLES AS PLANKTON–ARE THE LARVAL STAGES OF
ORGANISMS THAT GROW TO BECOME BENTHIC OR NEKTONIC ORGANISMS
• HOLOPLANKTON–SPEND THEIR ENTIRE LIFE
CYCLES AS PLANKTON
NEKTON• FREE SWIMMERS• MANEUVER ACTIVELY IN WATER
COLUMN• FOUND IN THE WATER COLUMN
FROM SURFACE TO FLOOR
NEKTON• 5 CATEGORIES–REPTILES–MAMMALS–FISH–ANTHROPODS–MOLLUSKS
NEKTON•MARINE REPTILES–TURTLES–SNAKES–CROCODILES–IGUANAS
NEKTON• MARINE MAMMALS–WHALES–SEALS–OTTERS–MANATEES–DOLPHINS
NEKTON• BONY FISH–TUNA–BARRACUDA–EELS–ANGLER FISH
NEKTON• CARTILAGINOUS FISH–SHARKS–RAYS–SKATES
NEKTON•MARINE ANTHROPODS–SHRIMP–CRABS–LOBSTERS–HORSESHOE CRABS
NEKTON•MOLLUSKS–SQUID–OCTOPI–SNAILS–MUSSELS–CLAMS
BENTHOS• BOTTOM DWELLERS• LIVE ON OR ARE ATTACHED
TO BOTTOM• FILTER FEEDERS OR
SCAVENGERS• 2 TYPES–SESSILE : LIVE ATTACHED TO
BOTTOM–VAGRANT : ABLE TO MOVE
BENTHOS - SESSILE
• BARNACLES• SPONGES• CORALS• SEA ANEMONES• OYSTERS• CLAMS• STEAMERS, MMM
BENTHOS - VAGRANT
• CRABS• SEA STARS• SEA CUCUMBERS• SEA URCHINS• BRITTLE STARS
SEA LIFE