Book of Genetics/

Genetics Project

Name: ____________________

Teacher: __________________

Period: __________

Biology TEKS:

B.6 The student knows the mechanisms of

genetics, including the role of nucleic acids

and the principles of Mendelian Genetics.

The student is expected to:

B. 6G Recognize the significance of meiosis to sexual

reproduction;

B. 6F Predict the possible outcomes of various

genetic combinations such as monohybrid crosses,

dihybrid crosses and Non-Mendelian inheritance.

B. 6D Recognize that gene expression is a regulated

process.

Genetics Vocabulary

1. Homozygous ____________________________________________

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2. Heterozygous ___________________________________________

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3. Genetic Variability ________________________________________

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4. Mendel’s Law of Inheritance ________________________________

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5. Crossing Over ____________________________________________

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6. Dominant _______________________________________________

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7. Recessive _______________________________________________

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8. Genotype _______________________________________________

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9. Phenotype ______________________________________________

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10. Monohybrid Cross ________________________________________

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11. Dihybrid Cross ___________________________________________

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12. Incomplete Dominance ____________________________________

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13. Co-dominance ___________________________________________

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14. Sex-linked Traits __________________________________________

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15. Principles of Dominance ___________________________________

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16. Law of Segregation _______________________________________

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17. Law of Independent Assortment ____________________________

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18. Gene Expression _________________________________________

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Gregor Mendel – Father of Genetics

http://www.britannica.com/biography/Gregor-Mendel

1. Describe the purpose of Mendel’s hybridization program that

began in 1854.

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2. What did Mendel use to conduct his experiments and why did he use this particular organism? ___________________________________________________

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3. What was Mendel’s discovery, and why had those who attempted the same experiment failed before him? ___________________________________________________

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4. What two laws in genetics were formulated from Mendel’s experiments? ___________________________________________________

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Non-Mendelian Genetics

1. What is Non-Mendelian Genetics?

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2. How is Non-Mendelian Genetics different from

Mendelian Genetics?

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3. Give the examples of Non-Mendelian Genetics

Problems we will be focusing on:

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Mendelian Genetics

Monohybrid & Dihybrid Crosses

Monohybrid Cross

Definition:

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

Examples:

1. In guinea pigs, short hair, S, is dominant to long hair, s. Complete the following Punnett squares according to the directions given. Then, fill in the blanks beside each Punnett square with the correct numbers.

One guinea pig is Ss and one is ss.

One guinea pig is Ss and one is Ss.

Monohybrid Cross Practice

Genotype Ratios:

Phenotype Ratios:

Genotype Ratios:

Phenotype Ratios:

Dihybrid Cross

Definition:

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

Examples:

Dihybrid Cross Practice

Non-Mendelian Genetics

Incomplete Dominance, Co-Dominance, &

Sex Linked Traits

Incomplete Dominance

Definition:

_________________________________________________________

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Red + White = Pink

Examples:

1. In snapdragons, flower color is controlled by incomplete dominance. The two alleles are red (R) and white (W). The heterozygous genotype is expressed as pink.

a. What is the phenotype of a plant with the genotype RR? ___________

b. What is the phenotype of a plant with the genotype WW? ___________

c. What is the phenotype of a plant with the genotype RW? ___________

2. A pink-flowered plant is crossed with a white-flowered plant. What is the probability of producing a pink-flowered plant?

Incomplete Dominance

1. In some chickens, the gene for feather color is controlled by

codiminance. The allele for black is B and the allele for white is W.

a. What is the genotype for black chickens? __________

b. What is the genotype for white chickens? __________

c. What is the genotype for heterozygous chickens? __________

2. If two heterozygous chickens were crossed, what is the probability that:

a. They would have a black chick? ________%

b. They would have a white chick? ________%

Parents: _________X_________

3. A black chicken and a white chicken are crossed. What is the

probability that they will have heterozygous chicks? _________%

Parents: _________X_________

Co-Dominance

Definition:

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

Co-Dominance

1. Draw a Punnett square showing all the possible blood types for the

offspring produced by a type “O” mother and an a Type “AB” father:

2. Mrs. Clink is type “A” and Mr. Clink is type “O.” They have three

children named Matthew, Mark, and Luke. Mark is type “O,”

Matthew is type “A,” and Luke is type “AB.” Based on this

information:

a. Mr. Clink must have the genotype ______

b. Mrs. Clink must have the genotype ________ because ________

has blood type ______

c. Luke cannot be the child of these parents because neither

parent has the allele _____.

3. Two parents think their baby was switched at the hospital. Its 1968,

so DNA fingerprinting technology does not exist yet. The mother

has blood type “O,” the father has blood type “AB,” and the baby

has blood type “B.”

a. Mother’s genotype: _______

b. Father’s genotype: _______

c. Baby’s genotype: ______ or ________

d. Punnett square showing all possible genotypes for children

produced by this couple

Sex-Linked Traits

Definition:

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

Examples:

Colorblindness is a sex-linked recessive trait in humans.

Write the genotype of a woman who is not colorblind. ______

Write the genotype of a woman who is colorblind. ________

Write the genotype of a woman who is a carrier (heterozygous) for colorblindness. ________

Write the genotype of a man who is colorblind. _________

Write the genotype of a man who is not colorblind. ________

1. A colorblind man marries a female who is a carrier for colorblindness. What is the probability that they will have a child who is colorblind?

2. A colorblind male marries a female who is not colorblind (homozygous). What are the possible phenotypes of their children?

Sex-Linked Traits

*In fruit flies, eye color is a sex linked trait. Red is dominant to white

1. What are the sexes and eye colors of flies with the following

genotypes:

X R X r _______________ X r X r _______________

X R X R _______________ X R Y _______________

X r Y ________________

2. Show the cross of a white eyed female X r X r with a red-eyed male

X R Y .

3. In humans, hemophilia is a sex linked trait. Females can be normal,

carriers, or have the disease. Males will either have the disease or

not (but they won’t ever be carriers).

Show the cross of a man who has hemophilia with a woman who is

a carrier. What is the probability that their offspring will have the

disease?

Law of Segregation

Definition:

_________________________________________________________

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Law of Independent Assortment

Definition:

_________________________________________________________

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Gene Expression

“Central Dogma of Biology”

DNA → RNA → Proteins

Obtain a DNA strand from your teacher.

1. Record the sequence of your DNA strand below.

Record the complementary DNA strand.

2. Where does the replication of DNA occur inside the

cell and in what phase of the cell cycle?

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3. In your own words define transcription. Where does

this process occur inside the cell?

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4. Transcribe your DNA strand into an mRNA strand.

What are the differences between your DNA and

RNA?

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Gene Expression

5. In your own words, define translation. Where does

this process occur inside the cell?

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6. Name five components needed by the cell for

translation.

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7. Record the translation of your original DNA strand

into your strand of amino acids

(polypeptide/protein).

8. Describe how gene expression is a regulated process.

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