BIOLOGY FORM 4CHAPTER 8

DYNAMIC ECOSYSTEM

BIOLOGY FORM 4CHAPTER 8:

DYNAMIC ECOSYSTEM

PHENOMENON OF EUTROPHICATION

Prepared by:Zulsahira Yasti Zulsalleh

5 UMS 2012.

WHAT IS EUTROPICATION

Eutrophication is defined as an increase in the rate of supply of organic matter (nutrients)in an ecosystem.

THE PROCESS OF EUTROPHICATION

The fertilizer spread on the land. The fertilizer is washed down by the

rain and absorbed by the soil. The fertilizer is transported to a lake by

underground water. The presence of the fertilizer in the

lake causes overgrowth the algae and aquatic plants.

THE PROCESS OF EUTROPHICATION

Now, no sunlight can reach the lower part of the lake causing algae to die.

The bacteria composes the algae. By doing this the bacteria used up all the oxygen making it anoxic.

Because, all of this , all the organism in the lake die

THE FACTORS OF EUTROPHICATION

The "bloom" or great increase of phytoplankton in a water body as a response to increased levels of nutrients.

Sources of cultural Eutrophication

The main effects caused by eutrophication.

Species diversity decreases and the dominant biota changes.

Plants and animals biomass increased.

Turbidity increases . Rate of sedimentation increases,

shortening the lifespan of the lake.

Anoxic condition may develop.

TH

E P

HEN

OM

EN

ON

OF

EU

TR

OPH

ICATIO

N

The algae overgrowth

Normal lake and lake during eutrophication.

The differences between..NORMAL LAKE LAKE DURING

EUTROPHICATION

Low nutrients level Good light

penetration High dissolved

oxygen Deep water Low algal growth Smell mouth bass,

lake trout, pike, sturgeon, whitefish.

• High nutrients levels

• Poor light penetration

• Low dissolved oxygen

• Shallows water• High algal growth• Carp, bullhead,

catfish.

The lake during eutrophication

PENGKOLONIAN DAN SESARAN DALAM SUATU

EKOSISTEM>>PAYA BAKAU<<( Colonisation and

succession in a Mangrove Swamp )

Profil di paya bakau

1. Zon Avicennia dan Sonneratia

2. Zon Rhizophora

3. Zon Bruguiera

Masalah yang dihadapi

1. Tanah yang lembut dan berlumpur serta angin laut yang kuat.

2. Terdedah kepada keamatan cahaya yang tinggi.

3. Keadaan tanah yag bertakung air.4. Kemasinan air laut yang tinggi.5. Biji benih yang jatuh ke tanah mati.

ASPEK Zon 1 Zon 2 Zon 3

Jenis akar dan ciri-ciri penyesuaian.

Akar ceracak dan bercabang luas.

Sistem akar yang meluas.

Beratus-ratus akar pneumatofor.

• Akar jangkang.

• Akar banir.

ASPEK Zon 1, Zon 2 dan Zon 3

Daun

Hidatod

Vivipariti

Kutikel tebal Sukulen dan boleh menyerap air.

Liang pada epidermis daun.

Biji benih yang bercambah sementara masih lagi melekat pada tumbuhan induk.

Sekian dan Terima Kasih Atas perhatian anda semua.

..^_^..

ZulsahiraWianah Willybrod

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