Biology

Bio = life ology = the study of

Molecular biology

zoology

botany

ecology

evolution

genetics

Abiotic and biotic factors

Abiotic = NONLIVING

Rocks, rain, river, soil, air, etc.

All abiotic factors are recycled

Conservation of mass

Matter is neither created or destroyed

Biotic = LIVING things

Trees, cats, worms, insects, fish, humans

Referred to as organisms

Biotic factors

5 characteristics

1. Complex and organized (order)

2. Use energy to maintain homeostasis

3. Grow and develop

4. reproduce

5. Adapt and respond

Why?Natural tendency towards entrophy

Increased state of disorder = loss of usable energy

Organisms developed complex organization to useenergy to maintain homeostasis (same state).

This ability enables the organism to develop, grow andMost importantly, reproduce.

Successful growth and reproduction also depends on an Organisms ability to adapt and respond to the environment

Biological themesHierarchy of organization

Least complex more complex includes emergent characteristics

Kingdoms

Monera Protista Fungi Plantae Aniamlia

Atom molecule organelles CELL tissue

organ Organ system organism population

Community ecosystem biosphere

CELL The basic unit of life

The smallest unit that displays all five characteristicsOf living things

Prokaryotes simple

Eucaryotes more complex

Biological themes

DNAprovides mechanism that allows information to be passedon from generation to generation

inheritance = continuity of life.

Structure and function are related

Biological themes

On all levels

Organisms are open systems

Continuous with their environment

Matter and energy cycled through biotic and abiotic

Organisms interact with other organisms

producers

consumers

Biological themes

Regulation

Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions

Feedback mechanisms

Positive feedbackNegative feedback

Diversity and unity

Estimated 5-30 million species

Each species unique

Scientists classify organisms based on similarities between species

Identical molecular components exist in all organisms

Biological themes

Biological themes

Classification

Traditional 5 kingdom classification

Monera * Protista * Fungi * Plantae * Animalia

More ‘accurate’ 3 domain system

Bacteria * Archaea * Eukarya

Biological themes

Evolution

Life evolves

Darwin’s natural selection

Individual variation

Struggle for existence

Differential reproductive success

Hypothetico-deductice reasoning

Deductive = if…then

Scientific method

Biological themes

Science – Technology - Society

Science and technology, good or bad, ARE a Part of modern society

Multidisciplinary endeavor

not independent from other fields of study