biochemistry the chemistry of life

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BIOCHEMISTRY THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE. The scientific study of the chemical substances, processes, and reactions that occur in living organisms. MATTER AND ENERGY. Always here, always will be in one form or the other!. MATTER. Matter IS EVERYTHING AROUND YOU. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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The scientific study of the chemical substances, processes, and reactions that occur in living organisms

BIOCHEMISTRY THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFEMATTER AND ENERGYAlways here, always will be in one form or the other!MATTERMatter IS EVERYTHING AROUND YOU.

Law of Conservation of Matter and Energy states Matter can neither be created or destroyed. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can change its form.

The total quantity of matter and energy available in the universe is a fixed amount and never any more or less.

Matter is anything that has a mass and volume .What is Mass and Volume?Mass = Amount of matter in the object. Expressed in grams/kilograms

Volume = Amount of space that matter occupies Expressed in cubic units (cc) or (ml)

Matter exists in FOUR STATES or PHASES (okay 5, but we will look at 4)

THE STATES/PHASES OF MATTERSOLID MATTER THAT HAS A DEFINITE SHAPE AND DEFINITE VOLUMELIQUID MATTER THAT HAS AN INDEFINITE SHAPE AND DEFINITE VOLUMEGAS MATTER THAT HAS AN INDEFINITE SHAPE AND INDEFINITE VOLUMEPLASMA MATTER THAT HAS AN INDEFINITE SHAPE AND INDEFINITE VOLUME WITH ELECTRICALLY CHARGED PARTICLES WHAT IS GOING ON INSIDE MATTER?

STATE OR PHASE?WHAT STATES OF MATTER ARE IN OUR BODIES? ALL FOURSOLID -Bones and Muscles

LIQUID - Saliva/Bodily Fluids

GAS Air Lungs & Body Cavities

PLASMA - Blood Component

ELEMENTS Simple substances of matter100 OR MORE NATURAL/ARTIFICIAL ELEMENTS

CANNOT BE BROKEN DOWN INTO SIMPLER SUBSTANCES

CHEMICALLY REACT WITH OTHER ELEMENTS

ATOMS ARE THE BASIC UNITS OF ELEMENTSATOMS MATTERHAVE MASS MOST IN NUCLEUS WITH PROTONS AND NEUTRONSHAVE VOLUME MOST OF SPACE TAKEN UP BY ELECTRON CLOUD

ATOMIC THEORYALL MATTER MADE OF ATOMS LIVING/NONLIVING

ALL ATOMS OF GIVEN ELEMENT ARE SIMILAR TO ONE ANOTHER BUT DIFFERENT

ATOMS OF =>THAN 2 ELEMENTS COMBINE TO FORM COMPOUNDS

CHEMICAL REACTIONS INVOLVE REARRANGEMENTS, SEPARATION OR COMBINATION OF ATOMS

ATOMS ARE NEVER CREATED OR DESTROYED DURING A CHEMICAL REACTION

ATOMIC STRUCTURE

NUCLEUS CENTER, DENSE AREA OF PROTONS & NEUTRONSORBIT MULTI CONTAIN NEARLY WEIGHTLESS ELECTRONS

ATOMIC TERMS AND PROPERTIESATOMIC NUMBER = NUMBER OF PROTONS IN NUCLEUS

NORMAL CHARGE IS NEUTRAL - #PROTONS = ELECTRONS

MOLECULES 2 OR MORE ATOMS BONDED TOGETHER

BOND CHEMICAL COMBINATION OF ATOMSTYPES OF BONDS IONIC AND COVALENTIONIC ONE ATOM GAINS WHILE ONE LOSES ELECTRONS IONSCOVALENT - ATOMS SHARE ELECTRONS HYDROGEN WEAK, HOLD WATER TOGETHER BY BRIDGING HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN. BIND MOLECULE PARTS INTO THREE DIMENSIONAL SHAPE

WHY BIOCHEMISTRY?TWO BASIC REASONSChemicals provide a source of energy to support life.

Chemicals provide structure to the body.

CHEMICAL/PHYSICAL REACTIONSMIXTURES

SOLUTIONS

COMPOUNDS

SUSPENSIONS

MACROMOLECULES AND POLYMERS

SATURATION POINT

LETS FIND OUT MORE!CHEMICAL REACTIONSWHAT IS IT? TWO OR MORE SUBSTANCES CONVERTED INTO A THIRD SUBSTANCE

SYNTHESIS REACTION BY BONDING TOGETHER TO MAKE A NEW COMPOUND

DECOMPOSITION REACTION BY BREAKING DOWN ONE SUBSTANCE INTO TWO OR MORE

CATALYST AFFECT THE RATE OF CHANGE WITHOUT CHANGING THEMSELVES

MAJOR BODY ELEMENTSCARBON (C) = 19%

HYDROGEN (H) = 10%

OXYGEN (O) = 65%

NITROGEN (N) = (3%)

Phosphorous, Sulfur, Calcium PRIMARY ROLES OF BODY ELEMENTSOXYGEN KEY IN BREATHING, WITH H MAKES WATER

CARBON GOOD BASIS OF ORGANIC LIFE FORMSFORMS AMINO ACIDS/PROTEINS/NUCLEIC ACIDS BAD - FORMS CARBON DIOXIDE WASTE

HYDROGEN COMBINES WITH OXYGEN TO MAKE WATER. COMBINES WITH CARBON,OXYGEN FOR CARBS, LIPIDS, PROTEINS KEY IN ----- HYDRATION, CHEMICAL REACTION

ALL MAKE THAT ALL IMPORTANT GLUCOSE ATP - ENERGYMAJOR ORGANIC COMPOUNDSCARBOHYDRATES ENERGY SOURCE

LIPIDS (FATS) ENERGY STORAGE

PROTEINS STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CELLS

NUCLEIC ACIDS GENETIC CODES

COMMON SUBSTANCES IN US!WATER 60-80% OF CELLS HYDROLYSIS, SOLVENT, LUBRICANTCARBON DIOXIDE WASTE PRODUCT GLUCOSEMOLECULAR OXYGEN = O - BREATHINGAMMONIA NH - NITROGEN SOURCE FOR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS, INJURIOUS TO CELLS CONVERTED TO UREA AND EXCRETEDMINERAL SALTS ESSENTIAL FOR CELL SURVIVAL Ca, PO, Cl, Na, K

COMMON SUBSTANCES IN US!CARBOHYDRATES RIBOSE, DEOXYRIBOSE, GLUCOSE, FRUCTOSE. STARCH GLYCOGENLIPIDS INSOLUBLE IN WATER 95% TRIGLYCERIDES MADE OF GLYCEROL AND FATTY ACIDPROTEINS CHONHS STRUCTURE, REGULATIONNUCLEIC ACIDS RNA/DNA GENETIC CODINGATP ENERGY CREATED IN CELL RESPIRATION

MAJOR BODY FLUIDSINTRACELLULAR - FLUID WITHIN THE CELLSINTERSTITIAL FLUID BETWEEN THE CELLS FLUID IN SPECIAL CAVITIES PERITONEAL FLUID ABDOMINAL CAVITY CSF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID IN CRANIAL CAVITY AMNIOTIC FLUID FLUID IN PREGNANT UTERUS PLASMA FLUID PORTION OF BLOOD 60% VOLUME = 92% of which is WATER

OSMOTIC PRESSURE RESULTS

ELECTROLYTESHAVE POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE CHARGE FOR BONDINGBODY FUNCTIONS MOST EFFICIENT WHEN WITHIN SPECIFIC RANGE (NL)LOST THROUGH SWEATING LOST THROUGH ELIMINATION OF URINE FECESHOMEOSTASIS pH BALANCEpH parts hydrogen pH scale way to measure pH of substance Values = 0-14 7 = neutral 7 = BASE

ACID - >Hydrogen Ions than HydroxylsBASE < Hydrogen Ions than HydroxylxpH SCALE

THE ROLE OF ACIDS AND BASESBODY FLUIDS HAVE NORMAL Ph - NARROW RANGE> OR < Ph WILL AFFECT CHEMICAL REACTIONNORMAL HUMAN ACTIVITIES SHIFT Ph CAN YOU NAME SOME?BUFFERS COMPENSATE FOR CHANGES: BICARBONATE IN RESPIRATION PHOSPHATE IN KIDNEYS PROTEINS IN INTRACELLUAR FLUID

BUFFERS CONTAIN WEAK ACID AND WEAK BASE TO REACT WITH STRONGER ONE TO ADJUST Ph

PUT IT ALL TOGETHER WE HAVE HOMEOSTASIS AND A GOOD WORKING METABOLISM!