Biochemistry: Structure
Monomer
• Single molecule• One subunit
• Example: Single bead for a necklace
Polymer
• Many molecules• More than one subunit
• Example: Beads making up a necklace
Basic Elements of Life
How to “read” a molecule
How to “read” a molecule
Four Macromolecules: Carbohydrates
Four Macromolecules: Lipids
Four Macromolecules: Proteins
Four Macromolecules: Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrate
• Also known as: sugars, starches
• Elements present: C, H, O
• How many of each element are present?
1 : 2 : 1 ratio
Monomer of a Carbohydrate
Simple Sugar or Monosaccharide
Polymer of a Carbohydrate
Complex sugar
Type of Carb: Monosaccharide• Explanation: One sugar / Simple Sugar
• Example: Glucose or Fructose
Type of Carb: Disaccharide
• Explanation: Two sugars
• Example: Sucrose
Type of Carb: Polysaccharide
Explanation: Many Sugars
Example of a Polysaccharides
Cellulose – structure in plants
Example of a Polysaccharide
•Starch
Examples of a Polysaccharide
•Chitin
Example of a Polysaccharide
Glycogen – stained red
Lipids• Also known as: Fats,
Oils, and Waxes
• Elements present: C, H, O
• Monomer: fatty acid • Polymer: lipid
Protein• Also known as:
Proteins
• Elements present: C, H, O, N
Protein Monomers and Polymers
Nucleic Acids
• Elements present: C, H, O, N, P
• Monomer:Nucleotides
Nucleic Acids
• Polymer: Nucleic AcidDNARNA
Identifying Macromolecules: Practice
Identifying Macromolecules
Identifying Macromolecules
Identifying Macromolecules
Identifying Macromolecules
Identifying Macromolecules
Identifying Macromolecules