bio2135 lct05 cnidaria 17 - university of...

Cnidaria

BIO2135 Animal Form & Function

Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 9:14 AM

BIO2135 Animal Form & Function1

Cnidaria

Arthropoda

Chordata

Echinodermata

BrachiopodaPhoronida

AnnelidaMollusca

Bryozoa

Platyhelminthes

Rotifera

NematodaPriapulidaKinorhynchaLoricifera

CnidariaPlacozoa

Sipuncula

OnychophoraTardigrada

Gnathostomulida

Nemertea

Nematomorpha

Gastrotricha

Ctenophora

Hemichordata

Cycliophora

Porifera

!!

• Gap (Septate) junctions• Loss of the choanocytes

Animal innovations(Symplesiomorphies)

!!

Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa

Gap (septate) junctions (Connexon)

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Cnidaria


Arthropoda

Chordata

Echinodermata


AnnelidaMollusca

Bryozoa

Platyhelminthes

Rotifera


CnidariaPlacozoa

Sipuncula


Gnathostomulida

Nemertea

Nematomorpha

Gastrotricha

Ctenophora

Hemichordata

Cycliophora

Porifera

!!

• True tissues with all components• Internal digestive epithelium• Oral-aboral axis and symmetry

Animal innovations(Symplesiomorphies)

!!

Symmetry types

Radial Biradial Bilateral

!!

Arthropoda

Chordata

Echinodermata


AnnelidaMollusca

Bryozoa

Platyhelminthes

Rotifera


CnidariaPlacozoa

Sipuncula


Gnathostomulida

Nemertea

Nematomorpha

Gastrotricha

Ctenophora

Hemichordata

Cycliophora

Porifera

!!

• Cnidocytes• Polyp body plan• Epitheliomusculature• Planula larva

Cnidaria(Autapomorphies)

Cnidaria




Cnidarian diversity



Cnidarian diversity


Cnidarian diversity

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Cnidaria




Cnidarian diversity

Extant Animalia~1,300,000 species

Deuterostomia (4.0%)

Protostomia (3.9%)

Platyzoa (2.2%)

Lophotrochozoa (9.8%)

Radiata (0.9%)

Parazoa (1.2%)

Platyhelminthes (1.9%)

Others (0.3%)

Mollusca (8.5%)

Annelida (0.9%)

Others (0.5%)

Ecdysozoa (82.0%)

Crustecea (3.1%)

Chelicerata (7.6%)

Atelocerata(70.3%)

Others (1.1%)

Chordata (3.5%)

Others (0.4%)


Cnidarian characters

Cnidocytes - nematocyst

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Cnidocil

Operculum

Nematocystcapsule

Cnidaria



Polyp body wall

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EpidermisEpidermis

MesogleaMesoglea

GastrodermisGastrodermis

CoelenteronCoelenteron


Body wall

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Coelenteron

Epidermis

Mesoglea

Gastrodermis


Hydrostatic skeleton(Polyp)

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Epitheliomuscular cells(longitudinal)Epitheliomuscular cells(longitudinal)

Nutritive muscular cells(Circular)Nutritive muscular cells(Circular)

CoelenteronCoelenteron

Cnidaria



Body wall

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Nutritive muscularcell

Gland cell

Cnidocyte

Epidermal nerve cell

Epithelio-muscular cell


Epidermis

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Epithelio-muscular cells

Nerve cell

Myoneme

Sensory cell


Cnidarian characters

Planula larva

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Cnidaria



Cnidarian phylogeny

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Anthozoa Scyphozoa Cubozoa Hydrozoa

!!

Anthozoan innovations(autapomorphies)

!!

• Biradial symmetry• Siphonoglyphs• Muscular septa• Gonads in gastrodermis


Anthozoa

Biradial symmetrya variation on radial

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Modified radial causedby paired structureson a radial body plan

Modified radial causedby paired structureson a radial body plan


AnthozoaBiradial symmetrya variation on radial

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Cnidaria



Anthozoa

Anemone anatomy

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Mouth

Tentacles

Pharynx

Septum

Coelenteron


Anthozoan body wall

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Incomplete septum

Complete septum

Coelenteron

Siphonoglyphs

Pharynx

Retractor muscle


Anthozoan septal wall

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Cnidoglandular lobe

Ciliated band

Retractor muscles

Gonadal band

Cnidaria



Anthozoa: Corals

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Cnidarian phylogeny

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!!

• Dimorphic life cycle• Medusa by strobilization• Opercular nematocysts• Tetraradial symmetry

Cnidarian innovations(Symplesiomorphies)

!!


Dimorphic life cycle

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Polyp Medusa

EpidermisMesogleaGastrodermis

EpidermisMesogleaGastrodermis

Cnidaria



Strobilization

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Cnidarian phylogeny

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!!

• Rhopalia on medusa bell margin

Scyphozoan innovations(Autapomorphies)

!!


Scyphozoa

Aurelia Life cycle

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MedusaMedusa

PlanulaPlanula

ScyphistomaScyphistoma

EphyraEphyra

StrobilaStrobila

Cnidaria



Scyphozoa

Aurelia medusa

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GonadGonad

Gastric pouchGastric pouch

MouthMouth

RhopaliumRhopalium

Oral armOral arm

TentaclesTentacles

Canal systemCanal system


Scyphozoa

Aurelia gastrovascular system

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Gastric filament

Eggs

Mesoglea

Coelenteron

Mouth


Rhopalia - Cnidarian sensory system (on margin of medusa)

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Hood

Pigment spot

Statocysts

Pigment cup

Cnidaria



Cnidarian phylogeny

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!!

• Medusa produces a single medusa

Cnidarian innovations(Symplesiomorphies)

!!


Cnidarian phylogeny

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• Polyps undergo metamorphosis into medusa

• Unique eye• Pedalia

Cubozoan innovations(Autapomorphies)

!!


Cubozoa

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Gonad

Rhopalium(not on the margin of the medusa)

Tentacle

Mouth

Pedalium

Cnidaria



Cubozoan rhopalium

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EyesStatocyst


Cnidarian phylogeny

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!!

• Medusa from lateral buds• Dimorphic life cycle• Medusa with a velum

Hydrozoan innovations(Autapomorphies)

!!


Hydrozoa

Obelia colony

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Gastrozooid(hydranth)

Gastrozooid(hydranth)

Gonozooid

Cnidaria



Hydrozoa

Obelia

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MedusaMedusa

PlanulaPlanula

Settled planulaSettled planula

GastrozooidGastrozooid

Fertilized eggFertilized egg

GonozooidGonozooid

YoungColonyYoungColony


Hydrozoa

Hydra

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Spermaries

Ovaries

Encapsulatedembryo

Sexual cycle Asexual cycle

Budding

bio2135 lct05 cnidaria 17 - university of...

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