BILLBOARD HOT 100Jacey Sherwood Naea

MATH 239: Data Analysis and Presentation

June 23, 2016

“

”WITHOUT MUSIC, LIFE WOULD BE

A MISTAKE

Friedrich Nietzsche

WHAT IS THE BILLBOARD HOT 100?

“The music industry standard record chart in the United States for singles(across all genres) published weekly by Billboard magazine.”

• Tracked year-round

• Main requirement is that the single needs to available for purchase

• Based on:• Album Sales

• Downloads

• Radio Airplay

• Streaming

• Social Interactions (Facebook, Twitter, etc.)

HOW DOES BILLBOARD COLLECT DATA?

Nielsen Music• Nielsen BDS

• Nielsen Sound Scan

The Billboard Formula:• Sales (35-45%)

• Airplay (30-40%)

• Streaming (20-30%)

“Week-to-week, some songs show largely along those percentages, while others skew noticeably toward any of the chart’s three metrics.”

SALES

Compiled from:• Retailers that represent more than 90% of the U.S. music retail market

• Direct-to-customer transactions

• Internet sales (both physical albums and downloads)

• Limited sales at concerts

Receipts not only work as invoices but also as ballots cast for a place on the charts

AIRPLAY

Compiled from:• Radio stations in more than 140 markets across the U.S.

• Based on audience impressions using the Arbitron Ratings System to determine the approximate number of audience impressions made for each play

Stations with a larger market will have greater influence than ones with a smaller one

And the time of a day a song is played has influence on a track’s performance

STREAMING

Compiled from:• Streaming radio songs

• On-demand songs

• Videos from leading online music services

THE DATA

Taken from the week of June 11th, 2016

200 total data points

Top 100 singles (from all genres) for the given week

Data for each single includes:• Current position for the week• Position from the week prior• Total weeks on the charts• Entry Position• Peak Position

Main focus on relationship between Entry Position and Total Week’s on the chart

ENTRY / TOTAL WEEKS HISTOGRAMS

Entry Position Total Weeks Position

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Freq

uen

cy

Entry Position

Entry Position of Billboard Singles

Frequency

0

10

20

30

40

50

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 More

Freq

uen

cy

Total Weeks

Total Weeks Histogram

Frequency

THE MEAN & MEASURES OF SPREAD

Measure of SpreadEntry Position Total Weeks

Minimum 1 1

25th Percentile 43.5 3

Median 83 7

75th Percentile 94 14.25

Maximum 100 34

Range 99 33

Standard Deviation 32.1443383 8.416404136

Interquartile Range 50.5 11.25

Q1

- 1.5(IQR) -32.25 -13.875

Q3

+ 1.5(IQR) 169.75 31.125

Entry Position Total WeeksMean 67.79 9.95

ENTRY / TOTAL WEEKS BOXPLOTS

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Entry Position Total Weeks

Billboard SinglesEntry Position vs. Total Weeks

ENTRY / TOTAL WEEKS SCATTERPLOT

y = 0.0268x + 8.1355R² = 0.0105

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Tota

l W

eeks

Entry Position

Entry Position vs. Total Weeks

WHY IS THIS EVEN IMPORTANT?

“Music speaks when words can’t express your feelings”

• Lack of a linear correlation between the two variables

• Linear best-Fit line not a good predictor of Total Weeks on chart

• Good reflection of consumer’s current tastes

• Not really useful for consumers (other than superficially)

• Very useful for the music industry professional for product evaluation and sales

REFERENCES

Quotes / Information

Billboard Hot 100. (2016, January 21). Retrieved June 26, 2016, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100

Trust, G. (2013, September 29). Ask Billboard: How Does The Hot 100 Work? Retrieved June 26, 2016, from http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/ask-billboard/5740625/ask-billboard-how-does-the-hot-100-work

http://www.billboard.com/biz/billboard-charts-legend

http://www.searchquotes.com/search/Music_Speaks/

Imageshttp://www.billboard.com/files/media/Chart%20Logos/hot100-stack.svg (the hot 100)

https://superbrandspk.files.wordpress.com/2010/10/nielsen_colourlogo1.jpg (the Nielsen logo)

http://minasaywhat.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/album-sales.gif (Album Sales)

http://www.gasradio.com/sites/default/files/arbitron_logo.png (Arbitron logo)

http://www.logo20.com/logo-youtube/logo-youtube-hd.jpg (YouTube logo)

https://martinliebermandotcom.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/twitter_logo.jpg (Twitter logo)

http://teenspeak.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/facebook_logo.jpg(Facebook logo)

http://snowbrains.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/music.jpg (treble cleff)

Dataset

Music: Top 100 Songs | Billboard Hot 100 Chart. (n.d.). Retrieved June 26, 2016, from http://www.billboard.com/charts/hot-100/2016-06-11