bicycle operated pump filter

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Int. J. Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res. 2014 Dhruv Duggal, 2014

ISSN 2278 – 0149 www.ijmerr.com

Vol. 3, No. 3, July, 2014

© 2014 IJMERR. All Rights Reserved

Research Paper

BICYCLE OPERATED PUMP FILTER

Dhruv Duggal1*

*Corresponding Author: Dhruv Duggal � [email protected]

In this paper, design and construction of bicycle operated pump filter is explained which is usedin irrigation and filtration at small scale. The pedal operated pump can be constructed usinglocal material and skill. The water system comprises of a centrifugal pump operated by pedalpower. The pump stand is made up of a housing in which a foot pedal and a drive shaft rotates.It works on the principle of compression and sudden release of a tube by creating negativepressure in the tube and this vacuum created draws water from the sump. Thus, providingirrigation and drinking water where electricity is not available. The setup can be built usinglocally available materials and can be easily adapted to suit the needs of local people. It freesthe user from rising energy costs, can be used anywhere, produces no pollution and providehealthy exercise.

Keywords: Pedal, Centrifugal Pump, Shaft, Impeller

INTRODUCTION

Mechanism

The mechanism comprises of single centri-fugal pump which is fixed with the rear wheelbicycle and runs by rotating the pedal of acycle at a particular rpm. Paddling for just aminute or two is enough to pump 5-10 litresof water to a height of 10-15 feet. Thecomplete system includes a bicycle rim,impeller, an inlet and delivery pipes. The finalsupporting shaft is connected with animpeller. The wheel rotates the impellers ofthe centrifugal pump by sliding actionbetween wheel and friction roller. In thisprocess liquids and their movement from

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, SRM University, Ghaziabad.

place to place, plays an important role. Liquidcan only flow under its own power from ahigher elevation to a lower elevation or, froma high pressure system to a lower pressuresystem. The flow of liquid is also affected byfriction, pipe size, liquid viscosity and thebends and fittings in the piping. This projectcould be highly useful for rural areas whichare facing load shedding problem. It can beused mainly for irrigation, filtration and waterdrawing water from wells and other waterbodies (M Serazul Islam et al., 2007). Usingthis process of paddling water can be liftedfrom the pipe into the form for cultivation. Itis useful for pumping water from river, ponds,

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wells and similar water sources enabling poorfarmers for pumping water for irrigation andcultivation. To overcome flow problems andto move liquids from place to place, againsta higher pressure or to a higher elevation,energy must be added to the liquid. To addthe required energy to liquids a pump is used.A pump thus is defined as A machine used toadd energy to a liquid. Pumps come in manytypes and sizes. The type depends on thefunction the pump is to perform and the size(and speed) depends on the amount (volume)of liquid to be moved in a given time (R KBansal, 2005).

WORKING MECHANISM OF A

ROTARY PUMP

In any process plant, a centrifugal pump isused to first convert energy of an electricmotor or turbine into velocity or kinetic energyand then into pressure energy of a fluid thatis being pumped. The energy change occursdue to the impeller and the diffuser of thepump. The impeller is the rotating part thatconverts driver energy into the kinetic energy.The diffuser is the stationary part thatconverts the kinetic energy into pressureenergy. All of the forms of energy involved ina liquid flow system are expressed in termsof feet of liquid that is the head (R K Bansal,2005).

Conversion of Kinetic Energy to

Pressure Energy

The key idea is that the energy created bythe centrifugal force is kinetic energy. Theamount of energy given to the liquid isproportional to the velocity at the edge orvane tip of the impeller. The faster the impellerrevolves or the bigger the impeller is, then

the higher will be the velocity of the liquid atthe vane tip and the greater the energyimparted to the liquid. This kinetic energy ofa liquid coming out of an impeller is harne-ssed by creating a resistance to the flow. Thefirst resistance is created by the pump volute(casing) that catches the liquid and slows itdown. In the discharge nozzle, the liquidfurther decelerates and its velocity isconverted to pressure according to Bernoulli'sprinciple. Therefore, the head (pressure interms of height of liquid) developed isapproximately equal to the velocity energyat the periphery of the impeller expressed bythe following well-known formula:

H = vxv/2g ...(1)

where, H = total head developed in feet

v = velocity at periphery of

Impeller in ft/sec

g = acceleration due to gravity-32.2 feet/sec2.

SPECIFICATIONS

Hand-rotary pump used for transferring oil,water, alcohol, diesel fuel, gasoline andsolvents from tank. High volume delivery atlow pressure makes pumping.

• Body, cover and lever: cast iron

• Hand drum pump

• Fits 50-220kgs drums

Refer to Table 1

Pump Power 0.5 HP

Flow Rate 35-40 lit/min

Head 15-20 m

Pump Size 25*25 mm

Table 1: Pump Specification

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=.08 mm

Conclusion

The deflection of the axle grips is just lessthan 1mm.

Bearing Fatigue Analysis

The reactions at the bearings are calculatedusing static force and moment balances:

Σ F: Σ Fr = RA + RB

ΣMB (CW) : RA (30 + 30) - Fr * 30 = 0

Fr=100N � RA=50N, RB=50N

Conclusion

The reactions are 50 N each.

Results

Pump was able to pump at maximum of 10feet. At desired height of 8 feet pump pumpedat rate of 5 litres/min.

TESTING THE PROTOTYPE

Deflection Testing

The bicycle was locked into the supportingframe using the axle grips, but without thepump assembly in place, as failure of the axle

grip lighteners would cause the weight of thebicycle and peddler to suddenly drop ontothe pump. As the peddler gradually mountedthe bicycle, the deflection at the axle gripswas observed Figure 1. The observeddeflection was negligible, which agrees withthe predicted value of just less than 1mm.The supporting frame was also found to bestructurally sound.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Axle Grip Deflection Analysis

The deflection of the free end of the axle gripsis given by the following formula:

δ = ML2 + WL3 axlegrip 2EI 3EI = 64.68 * (80 * 10*3 )2 2 * 207 *109 * 2.292 *10*-9

+ 1068 * (80 *10*3 )3 3* 207 *109 * 2.292 *10*-9

Figure 1: Deflection Testing

Mobility Testing

The process detailed above was executedfirst in reverse to go from pumping mode totransportation mode, then back to pumpingmode. It was found to take around one minuteto switch form one mode to the other. The

Figure 2: Mobility Testing

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mudguard presented a slight problem, butcould easily be tucked under the pumpassembly. The bicycle was ridden aroundwhilst in transportation mode with littlechange to the normal handling of the bicycleFigure 2.

General Operational Testing

During pumping, the Bicycle OperatedPump Filter was found to be slightly wobblybut stable due the supporting stand’s widebase. The tilting of the frame due to thelifting of rear wheel did not hinder mountingand dismounting of the bicycle or make thepeddling position uncomfortable Figure 3.

• It can be used to filter stagnant water indisaster affected areas.

• It can be used to transport stagnantwater in mountainous regions.

• It can be used to distribute water fordomestic purposes in rural areas.

It can be integrated with cooling tower toprovide cooling water for domestic use.

CONCLUSION

With reference to the objectives of the project,a concept and prototype for a bicyclepowered water pump was designed, built andevaluated. Its main advantage over existingtechnology is its mobility which means that itis suitable for a variety of applications suchas irrigation, agricultural, light industrial anddomestic water transportation. The achie-vable pumping head and flow rate are directlyrelated to the input power. Therefore theperformance of pump will vary on who ispeddling and how much effort they are puttingin. Bicycle has dual functions of transportingequipment and driving membrane filtrationsystem. UF membrane (0.5 micron) removessuspended particulates, colloidal material andcertain bacteria. Cleaning of membrane iseasily done by switching positions of flexibletubing direction and pedalling so that cleanwater flows in reverse direction, flushing outthe particulates stuck on membrane surface.

REFFERENCES

Journal

1. M Serazul Islam, M Zakaria Hossain andM Abdul Khair (2007), “Design andDevelopment of Pedal Pump for Low-LiftIrrigation” Publisher JARD

Figure 3: General Operational Testing

FUTURE PROSPECTS

In the future we can improve and work onthis project to make it much more effectiveand efficient. Some of the future aspects ofour project are:

• It can be used to generate electricity.

• It can be used to filter with higheraccuracy.

• It can be used for large scale irrigationpurpose.

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WEBSITE

2. www.mayapedal.org

BOOKS

3. R K Bansal (2005), “A Text Book of FluidMechanics and Hydraulic Machines”.

bicycle operated pump filter

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