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Index

adjacency pairs, 206, 261, 296-300,

301,302,340,347,476,483,

484. See also Conversational

Grammar Systems.

alphabet, 15.

Artificial Culture, 364, 365, 477, 485.

Artificial Life, 22, 53, 54, 356, 364,

365, 476, 477, 485, 488.

Artificial Social Systems, 416-418.

Autolexical Syntax, 73, 74, 85, 104,

113,115,119,120-128,137,

139,140,159,184.

interface system, 120, 121, 123,

125, 126.

lexicon, 120, 121, 123, 127.

paradigmatic constraints, 124,

159.

sytagmatic constraints, 124.

morphology in, 120-124, 126, 127.

semantics in, 120-124, 126.

syntax in, 120-124, 126.

blackboard model, 22, 23, 39, 228.

CARAMEL, 80, 220, 227-229.

Categorial Grammar, 96, 113.

catenation, 16.

CDGS, 22, 23-27, 36, 39, 40, 49, 53,

60, 143, 144, 146, 148, 157,

159, 161, 163,175,176,186,

286, 350, 475, 495.

hybrid, 35-36, 505.

stratified, 60.

teams, 36-38, 506.

with external control, 28, 294,

497.

with internal control, 28-31, 291,

498.

with memories, 31-34, 501.

with registers, 34-35, 503.

classroom model, 22, 39, 40.

Coevolution Theory, 377.

Colonies, 21, 60, 86.

communication, 24, 31, 39, 42, 43,

46, 47, 49, 51, 62, 78, 80,

85, 86, 232, 300, 480. See

also Linguistic Grammar Sys-

tems.

complex systems, 19.

563


564 ÍJVDEX OF SUBJECTS

constraint-based-approach, 113,114.

Constructive Dialogue Model, 223.

context-space-grammar, 222.

conversation

action view, 198, 199, 234, 260,

266, 342.

as basic setting, 194-196.

closings, 307-308. See also Con-

versational Grammar Sys-

tems.

coherence, 212, 223, 261, SOS-

SOS, 310, 315, 329, 340, 347.

See also Conversational Gram-

mar Systems.

formal account, 304.

descriptive models, 305.

generative models, 305.

strategic account, 304.

context, 195,198,199, 203,211,

222, 223, 228, 230-232, 236,

239-244,249,251,252,254-

256, 258, 261, 262-268, 270-

273,275,276,278,279,289,

290, 292, 298, 300-302, 305,

309, 313, 314, 317, 340, 342.

See also Conversational Gram-

mar Systems.

cognitive, 231, 232, 243.

linguistic, 231, 243.

physical, 231, 243.

semantic, 230, 231, 243.

social, 231, 232, 243.

corrections, 338-340.

definition, 201-204.

features, 207-209.

speakers, 198, 249-250. See also

Conversational Grammar Sys-

tems.

units, 204-207.

Conversation Analysis, 212-214, 219,

221, 234, 282.

Conversational Grammar Systems

action, 245-247, 252, 254, 255,

262-266.

active agent, 267-269, 272, 273,

284, 290, 293-295, 309-311,

332, 335.

adjacency pairs, 300-303, 329.

closings, 308-317.

coherence, 305-307.

context, 244-249.

derivation modes, 284, 287, 293-

295, 330,.331, 335, 343, 347.

dynamism and emergence, 276-

279.

evolution step, 271.

formal definitions, 318-326.

internal control, 289, 291, 292,

294,295,329,330,331,333,

334, 343, 347.


INDEX OF SUBJECTS 565

speakers, 250-256.

styles of acceptance, 312-314, 316,

344, 347.

turn-taking, 283-295.

vs. Eco-Grammar Systems, 343-

344.

conversational moves, 205, 218, 222,

299.

cooperation, 20, 21, 23, 24, 27, 39,

40, 61, 65, 78-81, 87, 98,

139, 155, 179, 196-199, 223,

342, 350, 473, 475, 482, 485,

. 488.

Cooperative Distributed Problem Solv-

ing, 78.

Cooperative Principle, 197, 217, 218.

Cultural Algorithms, 357, 359-364,

365, 381, 401.

belief space, 363.

communication protocol, 363.

population space, 362.

Cultural Grammar Systems

culture, 382-387.

evolution

agents, 428-429.

culture, 429-431.

genetic system, 427-428.

physical environment, 426-427.

subculture, 420-431.


genetics, 382-387.

language change in, 449-462.

physical environment, 388-390.

subculture, 390-392.

Cultural mediation, 393, 395, 427,

428,466.

culture, See also Cultural Grammar

Systems.

definitions, 368-374.

distinct inheritance system, 377-

380.

man-made, 402-404.

mathematical theories, 365.

properties, 374-375.

subculture, 390, 391. See also

Cultural Grammar Systems.

units, 375-376.

vs. behaviour, 414-415.

Darwinian evolution, 384.

Decentralized Artificial Intelligence,

20, 21, 22.

derivatioiialism, 104, 107, 111-113,

121, 128, 481, 482. See also

Linguistic Grammar Systems.

dialogue acts, 228, 232, 233.

dialogue control, 232.

task oriented, 232.

dialogtie management


566 ÍNDEX OF SUBJECTS

intention-plan-based approach,

219.

structural approach, 219.

dialogue obligations, 299-303, 347.

discourse expectations, 298, 300-303.

discourse grammar, 221, 223.

Distributed Artificial Intelligence, 20,

21, 22.

distribution, 20, 65, 78-81, 86, 97,98, 101, 103, 128, 139, 146,

184, 185.

in text analysis, 80.

DIT, 220, 229-234, 243, 260, 262.

Dual-Inheritance Theory, 378.

Eco-Grammar Systems, 21, 52-60,

86, 146, 193, 198, 199, 235-

237, 255,.272, 341-344, 356,

359, 365, 467, 475, 477,487,

514. See also Conversational

Grammar Systems.

Eco-Rewriting Systems, 193, 237,

341, 350.

emergent functionality, 20, 86.

Ethnomethodology, 200, 211, 212.

evolution

rates of, 360, 400-402, 406, 465.

Evolutionary Computation, 356, 360,

364, 401.

Formal Language Theory, 1, 2, 7,

15, 19, 21, 61, 87, 95, 193,

235,238,311,408,432,433,

467, 470.

gene-culture interaction, 358, 376-

380.

Gene-Culture Transmission Model,

379.

Generative Grammar, 107, 108, 111,

112,114,116,118,120,133.

genetic mediation, 395, 466.

GPSG, 160.

grammar

Chomsky grammar, 16.

context-free, 16.

context-sensitive, 16.

pure-context-free, 17.

regular, 16.

semi-conditional, 17.

grammatically, 104, 108, 117-118,

142.

HPSG, 160.hierarchically, 104, 107, 110-111,

121,126,128,138,481,482.

See also Linguistic Gram-

mar Systems.

homomorphism, 16.

interaction, 24, 53, 58, 65, 72, 73,

76, 80, 81-87, 97, 98, 101-



103,111,121,122,128,139,

152,196,198,199, 206,473-

475, 480-482, 484.

in Linguistic Grammar Systems,

See Linguistic Grammar Sys-

tems.

morphology & syntax, 149.

syntax & phonology, 149.

syntax & semantics, 150-152.

interactive pressures, 298.

Jackendoff's Architecture, 73, 104,

113, 115, 119, 128-136.

conceputual structures, 129, 131,

133-137.

correspondence rules, 129, 131-

133, 136, 138, 159.

lexical licensing, 136, 138.

lexicon, 133, 136.

phonological structures, 129, 130,

133, 135, 136.

syntactic structures, 129, 130,

133, 135, 136.

joint action, 262, 263, 267, 307.

language change, 446-449.

necessity, 446, 450, 458.

psycholinguistic causes, 446.

sociolingüístic causes, 446.

speaker-made, 447, 450, 461.

Lamarckian evolution, 384.

Lexical Functional Grammar, 160.

lexical insertion, 108, 114-115, 126,

138, 142.

lexicon, 160.

in Autolexical Syntax, See Au-

tolexical Syntax.

in Jackendoff's Architecture, See

Jackendoff's Architecture.

in Linguistic Grammar Systems,

See Linguistic Grammar Sys-

tems.

Lindenmayer Systems, 17.

linguistic agent, 237.

Linguistic Grammar Systems

communication in, 144, 151-160,

162, 163, 166, 169-171,173,

174, 177-179, 183, 185-187.

components of, 146-149.

coordinator element in, 160-161.

derivationalism in, 142, 184, 185.


hierarchicality in, 142, 183-185.

interaction in, 139-141, 143,149-

153, 168, 177, 182- 187.

lexicon, 142, 160, 176.

modularity in, 139, 140, 143,

144, 146, 148, 183-185,187.

parallelism in, 139, 140, 142-

144, 148, 183-185, 187.

syntactocentrism in, 142, 184.


568 INDEX OF SUBJECTS

Modular Grammar, 73, 115, 120.

modularity, 21, 65, 86, 97, 98, 101,

104,121,122,126,128,137,

139. ¿tee also Linguistic Gram-

mar Systems,

external, 71.

in Cognitive Science, 66-72.

in phonology, 147.

in Linguistics, 72-75.

in morphology, 147.

in NLP, 75-76.

in pragmatics, 147.

in semantics, 147.

in syntax, 146, 147.

internal, 72.

Representational Modularity, 70-

71, 128.

monostratalism, 113.

Montague Grammar, 113.

Multi-Agent Systems, 19-21, 53, 61.

in conversation, 220, 225-229,

342.

Natural Language Processing

blackboard models, 83.

connectionist network, 84.

hierarchical systems, 83.

interleaved processing, 151.

parallel models, 82.

serial models, 82.

tandem processing, 152.

Networks of Language Processors,

61, 62.

non-context-free structures

cross-serial-dependencies, 89, 92-

94.

multiple-agreements, 89, 91-92.

reduplication, 89-91.

Parallel Distributed Processing, 82.

parallelism, 20, 22, 25, 36, 37, 39,

65, 81-85, 87, 97, 98, 101,

104, 121, 126, 128,139. See


tems.

pattern, 48.

PCGS, 22, 36, 39-44, 53, 60, 62, 85,

141, 143-145, 148, 152,153,

155,183,185,509.

with communication by command,

46-52, 513.

with gsm, 158.

with prefix communication, 156.

with renaming, 44-46, 158, 186,

511.

with separated alphabets, 145,

146, 185.

preference organization, 298, 300,

301.

prefix, 16.



proper prefix, 16.

reactive pressures, 243, 298, 300-

303, 347.

redundancy, 108, 109, 116-117, 127,

128.

Relational Grammar, 160.

Role and Reference Grammar, 160.

sequence, 15.

set, 15.

social laws, 416-418, 424, 452, 466.

Society of mind, 80.

speech act, 195, 215-218, 223, 224,

233, 260, 262.

illocutionary act, 216, 233.

locutionary act, 216, 233.

perlocutionary act, 216.

substitution, 16, 104, 108, 112, 114,

138, 142.

subsumption architectures, 61, 86.

suffix, 16.

proper suffix, 16.

syntactocentrism, 104, 107, 108-110,

124, 128, 137, 481, 482. See


tems.

TALISMAN, 80.

turn-taking system, 242, 261, 279-283,296,297,315,329,334,

337, 340. See also Conver-

sational Grammar Systems,

unification, 114, 135, 138.

word, 15.

empty word, 15.

lenght, 15.


Index

Ahinoja, E.O., 361.

Abraham, S., 23.

Ahrenherg, L., 223.

Aitchison, J., 446, 447.

Alexander, R.D., 380.

Allen, D., 202.

Allen, J., 75, 150, 219, 224, 225,

229, 241.

Allwood, J., 202, 299.

Altman, G., 76.

Anderson, B., 262, 279.

Arhid, M.A., 70.

Atanasiu, A., 23.

Austin, J.L., 215-218.

Back, T., 360.

Baker, M.C., 149.

Banik, I., 61.

Bargatzky, Th., 374, 390.

Bar-Hillel, Y., 89, 94.

Béais, K.L., 388.

ter Beek, M., 38, 506.

Belew, R.K.,401, 402.

Belin, A., 401.

Bernardi, B., 403, 404.

Bever, T.G., 446.

Bordihn, H., 27, 350.

Boyd, R., 361, 369, 370, 372, 378,

383, 385, 386, 389, 390,392.

Brenzinger, M., 446.

Bresnan, J., 89, 94.

Brooks, R.A., 61, 86.

Brown, W., 361.

Bunt, H., 220, 229-234, 242-246, 260-

262, 298, 339, 345.

Button, G., 212, 214.

Campbell, L., 446, 447.

Carletta, J., 205.

Carr, G.F., 446.

Cavalli-Sforza, L.L., 361, 365, 372,

383,386,388,390,391,401,

403.

Chelliah, S.L., 128.

Chi^u, A., 45.

Chomsky, N., 69-73, 88, 108, 109,

112, 116, 160.

570


INDEX OF NAMES 571

Clark, H.H., 194-196, 202, 206, 207,

209, 249, 260-262, 277, 282,

297,298,307,308.

Clifton, C. Jr., 76.

Cooke, K.L., 365.

Corkill, D.D., 78, 79.

Coulthard, M., 240.

Craig, R., 304.

Crocker, M.W., 146.

Crow, B.K., 203, 206, 239.

Csima, J., 60.

Csuhaj-Varjú, E., 1, 19, 25-28, 31,

34-36, 44-46, 53, 54, 60-62,

97, 116, 350, 489, 495, 497,

498, 501, 503, 513, 514.

Culy, C., 89, 90.

Dahlbáck, N., 219, 222, 223.

D'Andrade, R.G., 374.

Darwin, Ch., 402, 404-406.

Dassow, J., 21, 25, 27, 36, 38, 44,

52, 60-62, 87, 88, 95, 97,

350, 489, 505.

Dawkins, R., 376, 387, 402.

Demazeau, Y., 20.

Dennett, D.C., 401.

Dobzhansky, Th., 355, 392.

Donald, M., 373, 447.

Dowty, D.R., 113.

Drew, P., 337.

Dttrfee, E.H., 78, 79.

Durham, W.H., 361, 370, 374-378,

382, 383, 389, 391, 393- 396,

398, 403, 414, 415.

Enç, M., 150.

Everaert, M., 147.

Faarhmd, J.T., 128.

Farkas, D.F., 128.

Farmer, A., 74, 115.

Farmer, J.D., 401.

Farrell, T.B., 202.

Feldman, M.W., 361, 365, 372, 383,

386,388,390,391,401,403.

Fernau, H., 60.

Ferreira, F., 74.

Flinn, M.V., 380.

Fodor, J.A., 67-71, 75, 77.

Forrester, J.W., 379.

Frazier, L., 73, 75.

Freilich, M., 372, 373.

Fretmd, R., 63.

Frohlich, D., 219, 221, 223.

Fujita, M., 227. .

Gabora, L., 365, 388, 395.

Garfield, J.L., 69, 70.

Garfinkel, H., 212.

Gazdar, G., 95, 160.

Geertz, C., 414.


572 INDEX OF NAMES

Gessler, N., 364.

Gibbs, R., 196, 197, 203, 240.

Goldberg, J.A., 305.

Goodenough, W.H., 371, 372, 391,

414, 445, 448, 461, 468.

Grau, B., 80, 220, 227, 228.

Graubard, M., 403.

Grice, H.P., 197, 215, 217, 218.

Grosz, B.J., 219, 220, 223, 231, 250.

Guy, R.F., 202.

Haas, J., 403.

Hammel, U., 360.

Harnish, R.M., 74.

Harris, A.C., 446, 447.

Hazlehurst, B., 371.

Heritage, J., 212, 213, 253.

Higginbotham, J., 89.

Hoijer, H., 446, 448.

Holmes, J., 447.

Holzer, M., 60.

Horn, L.R., 147.

Hutchins, E., 371.

Irigold, T., 404.

Jackendoff, R., 69-71, 74, 85, 104,

107-110, 113-115, 119, 128,

129, 131-134, 136-140, 147,

154, 159, 160, 184.

Jackson, S., 203, 204.

Jacobbs, S., 203, 204.

Jefferson, G., 195, 205, 208, 212,

280, 281, 283, 288, 338.

Jokinen, K., 219, 223.

Jònsson, A., 219, 222, 223.

Joshi, A., 96.

Kamp, H., 231.

Karmiloff-Smith, A., 77.

Kasner, A., 147.

Kathman, D., 128.

Keesing, R.M., 369.

Kelemen, J., 7, 27, 46, 53, 54, 60,

61, 513.

Kelemenova, A., 53, 54, 60, 61.

Kelso, A.J., 388.

Kluchholm, C., 368.

Komisarjevsky, L., 76, 77.

Korta, K., 262.

Kroeber, A.L., 368.

Labov, W., 446.

Lamarck, 384.

Langendoen, D.T., 446.

Langton, C.G., 53, 364.

Lapalme, G., 203, 220, 225, 227.

Larrazabal, J.M., 262.

Lass, R., 446, 448.

Law, P., 149.

Lee, J.R.E., 239, 279.

Leech, G.N., 241.


INDEX OF NAMES 573

Lennenberg, E.H., 448.

Lesser, V.R., 78, 79.

LeVine, R.A., 373.

Levinson, S.C., 195, 196, 202, 204,

241, 242, 272, 298.

Lieberman, P., 446.

Lightfoot, D., 446.

Lopreato, J., 379.

Luff, P., 219, 221, 223.

Lumsden, C.J., 379.

Maletic, J.I., 363.

Marr, D., 69, 70.

Marslen-Wilson, W., 76, 77.

Martin-Vide, C., 61.

Mateescu, A., 38.

Maynard-Smitli, J., 393.

McClelland, J.L., 82.

McMahon, A.M.S., 446, 447.

Meersman, R., 23.

Mihalache, V., 27, 44, 60, 63, 145,

158, 185.

Miller, J., 152.

Milroy, J., 446, 447.

Minsky, M.,-80, 81.

Mitrana, V., 23, 27, 60, 62, 149.

Moses, Y., 391, 416.

Moulin, B., 203, 220, 225, 227.

Mueller, R., 196, 197, 203, 240.

Muller, J.P., 20.

Need, B., 119.

Neel, J., 401.

Nii, H.P., 24.

Nijholt, A., 4, 82, 83.

Norman, M., 214.

Ortner, D.J., 373, 401.

Pâun, Gh., 7, 21, 25, 27, 36, 38, 39,

44-46, 52-54, 60, 61, 63, 87,

88, 95, 97, 149, 156, 489,

505, 509, 511, 513.

Perrault, C.R., 219, 224, 225, 229.

Peters, S., 113.

Pugh, 398.

Pullum, G.K., 95, 149, 150.

Rauch, I., 446.

Reichman, R., 219, 221-223, 253,

298, 299.

Renfrew, C., 365.

Révész, Gy., 15.

Reyle, U., 231.

Reynolds, R.G., 360, 361, 363, 372,

388, 401, 403.

Richerson, P.J., 361, 369, 370, 372,

378, 383, 385, 386,389,390,

392.

Robinson, H., 214.

Rousseau, D., 203, 220, 225, 227.


574 INDEX OF NAMES

Rozenberg, G., 15, 21, 23, 25, 27,

36, 38, 44, 52, 60, 62, 97,

149, 489, 505.

Rumelhart, D.E., 82.

Sabah, G., 75, 80, 220, 227, 228.

Sacks, H., 195, 205, 208, 212, 252,

253,280,281,283,288,296,

297, 302-304, 336.

Sadock, J.M., 73-75, 85, 104, 107,

110, 111, 113,116,117,119-

127, 137, 139, 160.

Sakai, K., 227.

Salomaa, A., 15, 61, 62.

S antean, L., 39.

Savitch, W.J., 88.

Schegloff, E., 195, 205, 208, 212,

280,281,283,288,296,297,

302, 303.

Schiffrin, D., 195.

Schiller, E., 119.

Schneider, R.H., 128.

Schwefel, H.P., 360.

Sciullo, A.M., 73.

Searle, J.R., 198, 215-218, 253, 259.

Shamir, E., 89, 94.

Sharrock, W., 262, 279.

Shieber, S.M., 89, 92.

Shoham, Y., 416, 418.

Sidner, C.L., 219, 220, 223, 231,

250.

Simon, H.A., 19.

Smith, G.W., 81, 150-152.

Sperber, D., 147.

Stefanini, M.H., 80.

Stein, L.A., 76.

Steinberg, E., 119.

Stillings, N., 66.

Stonier, T., 373, 398, 401.

Stump, G.T., 128.

Tennenholtz, M., 391, 414, 416-418.

Thomas, P., 214.

Thurée, A., 223.

Tracy, K., 304.

Tylor, E.B., 368.

VanValin, R.D.,160, 161.

Vaszil, Gy., 63.

Vermeersch, E., 368, 369, 403.

Vilnat, A., 80, 220, 227, 228.

Wall, R.E., 113.

Wardhaugh, R., 195, 197, 201, 203,

241, 253.

Warren, K., 393.

Weinberg/A., 147.

Wilson, D., 147.

Wilson, E., 379.

Wilson, J., 203.


INDEX OF NAMES

Wood, D., 15.

Woodbury, A.C., 128.

Wooffitt, R., 212.

Yagisawa, T., 227.

Zannoni, E., 361.

Zwicky, A.M., 149, 150.

575


List of Figures

0.1 Overview of Parts 10

2.1 Eco-Grammar System 55

6.1 Autolexical Syntax 122

6.2 The Tripartite Parallel Architecture 130

7.1 Linguistic Grammar System 162

13.1 Conversational Grammar Systems: Context 247

13.2 Conversational Grammar Systems: Speakers 257

13.3 Conversational Grammar System 260

13.4 Conversational Grammar Systems 327

19.1 Cultures and Genetic System: Separate Environments 388

19.2 Adding the Environment 389

19.3 Subcultures . 392

19.4 Cultural Influence on Biology 395

19.5 Genetic Influence on Culture 396

19.6 Influences on Agents 400

19.7 Changing the Environments . . . ' . - 408

19.8 Cultural Grammar System 441

21.1 Future Relationships in Cultural Grammar Systems . . . . . . 469

577


List of Figures

0.1 Overview of Parts 10

2.1 Eco-Grammar System , 55

6.1 Autolexical Syntax 122

6.2 The Tripartite Parallel Architecture 130

7.1 Linguistic Grammar System . 162

13.1 Conversational Grammar Systems: Context 247

13.2 Conversational Grammar Systems: Speakers 257

13.3 Conversational Grammar System 260

13.4 Conversational Grammar Systems 327

19.1 Cultures and Genetic System: Separate Environments 388

19.2 Adding the Environment 389

19.3 Subcultures 392

19.4 Cultural Influence on Biology 395

19.5 Genetic Influence on Culture .396

19.6 Influences on Agents 400

19.7 Changing the Environments . . . 408

19.8 Cultural Grammar System 441

21.1 Future Relationships in Cultural Grammar Systems . . . . . . 469

577


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