BGYB30 Mammalian Physiology

• Today: – Course Organization– Intro to Cellular Physiology

• Next Lecture: – Intro to Nervous system

organization and the neuron

BGYB30 Mammalian Physiology

Nerve Muscle Endocrine

Course Organization• Bryan Stewart, Ph.D.

• Lectures – Tuesday & Thursday

• 12 noon (Lec 01)• 1 pm (Lec 02)

• My Office Hours– Tuesday 2-3 pm; Wed 11am-12 noon, S540C– By appointment– Tutorial time slots

Teaching Assistant

1. Afshan Ghesmy-Bahkt– Office hours: TBA

Course Organization• Tutorials

– every third Thursday 5-7 pm alternating with BGYB10 and BGYB50

BGYB30 Tutorials– September 9 - cancelled– September 30– October 21– November 11

• Question & Answers• Extended Office Hours

Course Organization

Email: bgyb30@utsc.utoronto.ca

– I cannot answer course related email sent to my regular email address

Communications

Course Organization

• The Intranet Webpage– Syllabus– Announcements– Lecture notes

Communications

Course Organization

• I will try to post lectures 24 hrs in advance

• I reserve the right to add or delete material from the posted notes during the lecture

Lecture Notes

• Textbook– Eckert Animal Physiology 5th Edition, 2001

by Randall, Bruggren, & French, W.H. Freeman and Company.

– All material will be covered in lectures and the text will supplement lectures

– Lecture Topics and sections of the textbook will be posted to webpage

Course Organization

• Evaluation:– Mid-term 40% of final mark– Final exam 60% of final mark

• Multiple choice questions• Short Answer questions

• The final will be comprehensive covering all of the course material

Course Organization

About me…

• BSc 1990– University of Guelph

• MSc 1991, PhD 1996 – University of Toronto, Dept of Physiology

• Fellowships:– 1996-1998 Stanford University– 1998-2001 The Hospital for Sick Children

• Professor at UTSC since July 2001

About me..

• Research Interests – Neurophysiology– Synaptic Transmission– Neuromuscular development

I use fruit flies as a model system to study the molecular mechanisms used in neural function and development

Course Goals:

• Understand the underlying mechanisms that contribute to nerve, muscle, and endocrine function

• Understand the cellular basis for higher order physiological systems

• Appreciate the experimental foundations of physiological knowledge

Teaching Philosophy

• organize material

• explain (hopefully) why it is interesting

• Present a model for how to learn the material

• But it is up to you to learn it!

• Major Course Topics– Neurophysiology– Muscle Physiology– Endocrinology

• Why these three?– Together these systems sense and respond

to the environment

Mamalian Physiology

Physiology

• Physiology – the branch of biology that studies how living things function, especially with respect to the physical and chemical phenomena that are used.

• THAT MEANS…– A little physics, a little chemistry, a little

anatomy…

Physiology

• Asks fundamental questions about how things work– My emphasis is on the cellular level

Intro to Cellular Physiology

Intro to Cellular Physiology• The cellular plasma membrane

– Composed of phospholipids & proteins– Selectively permeable barrier

•Lets essential molecules IN•Lets waste products OUT•Maintains cell integrity

Phospholipid bilayer

Gases O2,CO2

Ethanol

H20

Ions : Na+, K+, Ca2+

Sugars: GlucoseAmino AcidsATP

Permeability of pure phospholipid

Membrane Proteins Mediate Transport Across the Plasma Membrane

1AATP-powered pump

1BTransporters

ATP ADP + Pi

AUniporter

BSymporter

CAntiporter

out

in

Membrane Proteins Mediate Transport Across the Plasma Membrane

2Ion Channels

AVoltage -gated

BLigand -gated

closed

+

-

closedopen

+

+

ligand

open

Membranevoltage

3G-Protein

Coupled Receptors

Signal transduction

Membrane Proteins Mediate Transport Across the Plasma Membrane

1. ATP-powered pump

2. Transporters

3. Voltage-gated ion channel

4. Ligand-gated ion channel

5. G-protein couple receptor

• Na+/K+ pump

• Glucose Transporter

• Na+ channel, K+ channel

• Neurotransmitter receptor

• Neurotransmitter & Hormone receptors

Transmembrane Protein Example

Distinctions

1. Pumps and transporters • basal cell function

2. Ion channels and G-protein coupled receptors

• excitation and inhibition of cell function

Question from 2002 final exam

• Identify three major groups of transmembrane proteins discussed in class, indicate how they function, and give examples of how they act to stimulate and inhibit cellular physiology.

• Next Lecture

– Introduction to Nervous System• Organization of the nervous system• The neuron