beneficial waspdf

31
Beneficials in the Garden SOLITARY WASPS By George Giltner, Adv. MG

Upload: george-giltner

Post on 13-Apr-2017

21 views

Category:

Government & Nonprofit


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

  • BeneficialsintheGardenSOLITARYWASPS

    ByGeorgeGiltner,Adv.MG

  • PaperWaspsaresocialwaspsthatdefendthenestagainstvertebrates.

  • Swarming/SGngingChemicalsarereleasedtodefendtheNest

  • SolitaryWasps

    MasonWasponPlumrosa Characteris4cs Normally-donotsGng Donotliveinsocial

    aggregaGons-solitary Beneficialbybeing

    pollinators Beneficialbyconsuming

    pestinsects Keytoecologicalbalancein

    predator/preyrelaGon

  • 4-toothedMasonWasporCarpenterWasporPoOerWasporMonobiaquadridens

    Preysmallcaterpillarslikeleafrollers,webworms,etc.fromatleast6familiesofLepidopteraPollenfeederforadultswhilelarvaefeedonparalyzedcaterpillarsAdultfemaleiscapableofabaldhornet-likesGng,butnotaggressiveMaleshavewhitedotonface,butfemaleshaveasolidblackface

  • MasonWaspnestinunoccupiedmuddaubernests,Carpenterbeeholenests,vegetaGonholes,andwooddrillings

    WorkbenchholeusedfornesGng,thenparalyzedcaterpillarsareinsertedalongwithanegg

    AmonthlatertheWaspemergesfromthesealednest

    Nonurse-feedingrequired

  • PoOerWasps,EumenesfraternusEileenLinton,MG-GalvestonCounty(aggie-horGculture.tamu.edu)

  • Numerouscaterpillarsareusedasalarvaefoodsource.Adultsfeedon

    flowernectarCaterpillars(1-12)insidepot Femalesusesamemudsource

  • RedandBlackMasonWaspPachodyneruserynnis

    EileenLinton,GalvestonMG

    RedorYellowpentagonspotonhead

  • Typicalpreyincludecutworms,cabbageloopers,armyworms,andcornearworms

    RefurbisholdmuddaubernestsParalyzedbeetleorcaterpillarlarvae

  • BraconidWasps CabbageAphid,Brevicoryne

    brassicae,aOackedbyaparasitoidwasp,Aphidiusspp.bybuglogicalcontrol

    1700+speciesinN.America Sizelessthatinch ThisfamilyofwaspparasiGzes

    cabbageworms,cutworms,cornearworms,gypsymothsandmanyothercaterpillars

    DavidCappaert(www.forestryimages.org)

  • ChalcidWasps Trichogrammaspeciesofwasps

    arespecialistparasitesthattargetinsecteggs

    Sizerange(0.020.31inch) ParasiGzewiderangeofinsects

    andinsecteggs(200) OtherMembersofChalcidoidea

    parasiGzecaterpillarstofliestotruebugstowebworms

    Amazonsellsthismostpopularbeneficial12,000for$7

  • IchneumonWasps Hostsarecaterpillars,wood-

    boringgrubsofbeetles,andotherinsects.

    ManyfemaleshavelongnoGceableovipositors

    Sizeverysmallto1.5inches Megarhyssamacrurusis~2

    incheslongbutovipositoris4incheslong.Foundondeadoaktreesinfectedwiththesiricidwoodwasplarvae

  • SphecidWasps

    AstataoccidentaliswithcapturedpreysGnkbug

    GenuspreysonsGnkbugsandleaffootedbugs,adultsandnymphs

    Groundnestersinsandyandhardpackedsoils

    Alsoknownasdiggerwasps

    HowardEvans(www.insecGmages.org)

  • CercerisWasps

    NaGvewaspthatisusedtomonitorpresenceofmetallicbeetlesinLouisiana(EmeraldAshBorer)

    Capturebeetlesfromwaspsaroundopenfields,ballparks,etc.tomonitorEAB.

    Cercerisfumipennis

    TomMurray(bugguide.net)

  • Thread-WaistedWasp

    Preyonavarietyofbeetlesthatdestroytreesandflowers

    TheyareparasiGzedbyvelvetantswhicheatthread-waistedlarvae

    www.toledo-bend.us SandWaspsorThread-waistedWasps

    WhitneyCranshaw Ammophiliaspp.

  • HowtoAOrackandKeepSolitaryWaspsinGardensandFarms

  • DesignforSolitaryWasps Plantnectaryandpollen

    sourcesFlowersPower! Toleratealowlevelof

    pests Havefullseasonblooms

    fromspringtofall IdenGfyfavoriteflowers

    forsolitarywasps FarmingwithNaGve

    BeneficialInsectsbyXercesSociety

  • Farmscapingwillnoteliminatepestsfromthefarm,norshouldit.Itkeepspestnumbersatatolerablelevelandpreventsoutbreaks.JessicaWalliser,AOracGngBeneficialBugstoyourGarden,p.174

  • Thecloserinsectaryplantsaretothecroptheyareintendedtoprotect,thebeOer.RexDufour,NaGonalSustainableAgricultureInformaGonService.

  • FarmsBeetleBanks

    DAVIDREDHAGE,ProgramManagerfortheUSDAsSustainableAgricultureResearchandEducaGonProgram,SouthernRegionattheKerrCenter,Poteau,Ok.

  • FarmsBordersandRiparianZones

    NaGvePerennialsprovidelesslabor

    Awidevarietyofflowersprovidediversebeneficialinsects

    Undisturbedriparianzonesprovidehabitatandoverwinteringareasforbeneficials

    XercesSociety,FarmingwithNaGveBeneficialInsects

  • Gardens

    Designtotargetspecificpests

    AlyssumbringsinhoverfliesandparasiGcwasps

    ThereforeplantAlyssumnexttoleOucethatissuscepGbletoaphids

  • DesignanInsectaryBedforBeneficialInsects

    ParasiGcwasps

    Piratebugs

    Trichogrammawasps

    Paperwasps

    BraconidwaspsHoverflies,Lacewings

    Ladybugs,Big-eyedbugs

    ParasiGcwasps,Syrphidflies

    Parasoidwasps

    ParasiGcwasps

    Ladybugs

    TachinidFlies,TrichogrammaW.

    Soldierbeetles,parasiGcwasps

    Hoverflies

  • DesignaVegetableInsectaryGarden

  • UseNaGveWeedsforPollinatorsandBeneficialswhenPossible

    PartridgePeaExtraFloralNectariesonthepeGoles

    SunflowersEFNontheedgesofbractsbeneaththeflowerheads

  • WideRangeInsecGcidescanDestroyaBalancedEcosystem

  • SolitaryWaspsandOtherBeneficialsmayreduceoreliminatetheneedforInsecGcides

  • WildflowerEcologyBeneficialInsectsonTickseedSunflowers

    Insecteggs

    mites

    aphids

    thrips

    borerscaterpillarsleaqoppers

    MinutePirateBug

  • GreenLynxSpiderawaitsopportunitytocapturewebworms

    SGckremovalofthewebandBtbacteriaarebeOerthanbroadrangeinsecGcides

  • Wearedone!

    NaturalEnemiesHandbook,theIllustratedGuidetoBiologicalPestControl1998.MaryLouiseFlintandSteveH.Dreistadt

    AOracGngBeneficialBugstoYourGarden,anaturalapproachtopestcontrol2014.JessicaWalliser

    FarmingwithNaGveBeneficialInsects,EcologicalPestControlSoluGons2014.XercesSocietyGuide

    SolitaryWasps,BehaviorandNaturalHistory2001.KevinM.ONeill