Bending of Cold Worked Mild Bending of Cold Worked Mild SteelSteel

Due to Different Welding Due to Different Welding ProcessesProcesses

Josh Kelly and Matt LewisJosh Kelly and Matt Lewis

ENGR 45ENGR 45

SRJCSRJC

Fall ‘05Fall ‘05

Preparation & Material UsedPreparation & Material Used

• Tinius Olsen Tensile Tinius Olsen Tensile MachineMachine

• Cold Worked Mild Cold Worked Mild Steel 3/8 x 3 x 6 in.Steel 3/8 x 3 x 6 in.

Welding ProcessesWelding Processes

• ArcArc

• MIGMIG

• Dual ShieldDual Shield

Arc WeldingArc Welding

• E-7024 RodE-7024 Rod

• AC @ 135 AmpsAC @ 135 Amps

• 70,000 lb Tensile 70,000 lb Tensile Material ESIMaterial ESI

MIGMIG

• Metal inert gas Metal inert gas (MIG) 25% CO(MIG) 25% CO2 2

75% Argon Gas75% Argon Gas

• 0.035 wire, 70 0.035 wire, 70 volts, 140 amps volts, 140 amps DC+DC+

• 70,000 lb Tensile 70,000 lb Tensile Material ESIMaterial ESI

Self-shielded Flux-Cored Self-shielded Flux-Cored Arc-WeldingArc-Welding (Dual Shield) (Dual Shield)

• 0.045 Wire, 23 0.045 Wire, 23 volts, 175 Amps volts, 175 Amps DC+DC+

• 70,000 lb Tensile 70,000 lb Tensile Material ESIMaterial ESI

Flexural Strength vs. DeflectionFlexural Strength vs. DeflectionFlex. Strength = Flex. Strength = 3 * Force * Length3 * Force * Length 2 * Width * height 2 * Width * height 22

• Heat Relief @ 400 Degrees F for 2.5 hoursHeat Relief @ 400 Degrees F for 2.5 hours

Flexural Strength vs Deflection of Cold Rolled Mild SteelDue to Different Welds and Heating to Relieve Stress

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3

Deflection (in)

Fle

xura

l Str

eng

th (

PS

I) No Weld

Arc Weld

Dual Shield Weld

MIG Weld

Relieved Arc Weld

Relieved Dual Shield Weld

Relieved MIG Weld

Flexural Strength vs. DeflectionFlexural Strength vs. DeflectionFlex. Strength = Flex. Strength = 3 * Force * Length3 * Force * Length 2 * Width * height 2 * Width * height 22

Focus on elastic regionFocus on elastic region

Flexural Strength vs Deflection of Cold Rolled Mild SteelDue to Different Welds and Heating to Relieve Stress

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

90000

0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06

Deflection (in)

Fle

xura

l Str

eng

th (

PS

I) No Weld

Arc Weld

Dual Shield Weld

MIG Weld

Relieved Arc Weld

Relieved Dual Shield Weld

Relieved MIG Weld

Flexural Strength vs. Flexural Strength vs. DeflectionDeflection

Heating To Relieve StressHeating To Relieve StressFlexural Strength vs Deflection of Cold Rolled Mild Steel Due

To Type of Weld With Heating to Relieve Stress

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

90000

0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08Deflection (in)

Fle

xu

ral S

tren

gth

(P

SI)

Relieved Arc Weld

Relieved Dual Shield Weld

Relieved MIG Weld

No Weld

Flexural Strength vs Deflection of Cold Rolled Mild Steel Due to Type of Weld

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

90000

0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08

Deflection (in)

Fle

xura

l Str

eng

th (

PS

I)Arc Weld

Dual Shield

MIG Weld

No Weld

Flexural Strength vs. DeflectionFlexural Strength vs. Deflection Heating To Relieve Stress-Arc WeldingHeating To Relieve Stress-Arc Welding

Flexural Strength vs Deflection of Cold Rolled Mild Steel using Arc Welded Samples

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

90000

0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08Deflection (in)

Fle

xura

l Str

eng

th

(PS

I)

Arc Weld

Relieved Arc Weld

No Weld

Flexural Strength vs. Deflection Flexural Strength vs. Deflection

Heating To Relieve Stress-Dual Shield Heating To Relieve Stress-Dual Shield WeldingWelding

Flexural Strength vs Deflection of Cold Rolled Mild Steel using Dual Shield Welded Samples

010000

2000030000

4000050000

6000070000

8000090000

0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08Deflection (in)

Fle

xura

l Str

eng

th

(PS

I)

Dual Shield Weld

Relieved Dual Shield Weld

No Weld

Flexural Strength vs. DeflectionFlexural Strength vs. Deflection Heating To Relieve Stress-MIG Heating To Relieve Stress-MIG

WeldingWeldingFlexural Strength vs Deflection of Cold Rolled

Mild Steel using MIG Welded Samples

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

90000

0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08

Deflection (in)

Fle

xura

l Str

eng

th (

PS

I)

MIG Weld

Relieved MIG Weld

No Weld

ConclusionsConclusions

• Stress relief affected Stress relief affected samples differentlysamples differently

• Hardness not a factor Hardness not a factor since all same materialsince all same material

• Flexural strength did not Flexural strength did not change due to the type change due to the type of weld used on sampleof weld used on sample

ReferencesReferences

• http://www.lincolnelectric.com/knowledge/articles/content/arcweldhttp://www.lincolnelectric.com/knowledge/articles/content/arcweldfund.aspfund.asp

• http://www.alu-info.dk/Html/alulib/modul/A00526.htmhttp://www.alu-info.dk/Html/alulib/modul/A00526.htm• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weldinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welding• http://www.lincolnelectric.com/knowledge/articles/content/hypipe3http://www.lincolnelectric.com/knowledge/articles/content/hypipe3

.asp.asp• http://www.engineersedge.com/strength_of_materials.htmhttp://www.engineersedge.com/strength_of_materials.htm