Belmont NeighborhoodBelmont Neighborhood

Violence Reduction ProjectViolence Reduction Project Charlotte-Mecklenburg Police Department

1999 – 2004

1999 Belmont Dimensions1999 Belmont Dimensions

• 1,064 Homes on 389 Acres1,064 Homes on 389 Acres

• 190 Habitat Homes (18%)190 Habitat Homes (18%)

• Average House Value:Average House Value: $38,827$38,827

• Primarily Single Family StructuresPrimarily Single Family Structures

• Most Housing in Neglected or Poor ConditionMost Housing in Neglected or Poor Condition

• Over 60% Rental PropertyOver 60% Rental Property

• Four (4) Neighborhood ABC EstablishmentsFour (4) Neighborhood ABC Establishments

1999 Belmont Dimensions1999 Belmont Dimensions

• Population:Population: 3,529 3,529

• School Dropout Rate:School Dropout Rate: 183% of City Avg. 183% of City Avg.

• Births to Adolescents:Births to Adolescents: 410% of City Avg. 410% of City Avg.

• Med. Household Income:Med. Household Income: $12,503 v. $41,385 $12,503 v. $41,385

• Drug/Alcohol Dependencies: HighDrug/Alcohol Dependencies: High

1999 Belmont Dimensions1999 Belmont Dimensions

• Violent Crime Violent Crime – 470 % of City Average – 470 % of City Average

• Juvenile Crime – 310 % of City AverageJuvenile Crime – 310 % of City Average

• Property Crime – 140 % of City AverageProperty Crime – 140 % of City Average

• Open-Air Drug Market SaturationOpen-Air Drug Market Saturation

• Reputation for Drug Market and ViolenceReputation for Drug Market and Violence

City and Police ResponseCity and Police Response

• City Infrastructure Investment of City Infrastructure Investment of

$10M$10M

• Neighborhood Action PlanNeighborhood Action Plan

• City Interest in Revitalization City Interest in Revitalization

PlanningPlanning

• Multiple Police Task ForcesMultiple Police Task Forces

• Code Enforcement PartnershipsCode Enforcement Partnerships

• ABC Enforcement PartnershipsABC Enforcement Partnerships

Neighborhood ChallengesNeighborhood ChallengesCriminal Suspects

(A – Hi)Criminal Suspects

(A – Hi)

Baldwin,Carlos

Barkley,Marco

Barkley,Shawn

Barkley,Tennyson

Barnes,Clifton

Craig,Shawnda

Cureton,William

Frazier ,Nathan

Gladden,Aaron

Dodd,Savalas

Gibson,Adonis

Gooding,Daniel

Hall,Sylvester

Hammond,Kendrick

Hammond,William

Harris,Harold

Harrison,Scottie

Heninghan,Edrick

Hill,Jason

BackHOME PAGE

Gooding,Thomas

Barkley,Kiko

Catalyst for ChangeCatalyst for Change

August 1998 – July 1999 DataAugust 1998 – July 1999 Data

• Offenses: Offenses: − All All – 643– 643− Violent Violent – 190 (30% of All)– 190 (30% of All)

• Arrests:Arrests:− All All – 580– 580− Drug Drug – 121 (21% of – 121 (21% of

All)All)

Catalyst for ChangeCatalyst for Change

• Peak in Violence: April-July 1999Peak in Violence: April-July 1999• All of Belmont All of Belmont – 87– 87• Northeast Corner Northeast Corner – 26– 26• Northeast Corner Homicides Northeast Corner Homicides – 1– 1• Northeast Corner Firearm Assaults Northeast Corner Firearm Assaults – 10– 10• Most Violence Victims were OutsidersMost Violence Victims were Outsiders• Common Streets were Umstead and Common Streets were Umstead and

ParsonParson

Catalyst for ChangeCatalyst for Change

• Control of Violence Paramount for Control of Violence Paramount for Successful Neighborhood RevitalizationSuccessful Neighborhood Revitalization

• Traditional Police Enforcement Traditional Police Enforcement IneffectiveIneffective

• Conversations w/Neighborhood Conversations w/Neighborhood ResidentsResidents

• GIS-Based Review of Crime GIS-Based Review of Crime − ViolenceViolence− Drug ArrestsDrug Arrests

Response ActionsResponse Actions

• Community CoordinationCommunity Coordination− Discussions with Leaders and ResidentsDiscussions with Leaders and Residents− Inconvenience FactorInconvenience Factor− Replacement for Meaningful ActionReplacement for Meaningful Action− Periodic Review/EvaluationPeriodic Review/Evaluation

• Other Service Provider Sign-OffOther Service Provider Sign-Off− Fire DepartmentFire Department− MedicMedic− SanitationSanitation− TransportationTransportation

• City CouncilCity Council

AssessmentsAssessments

• Timeframes Agreed: 6 & 9-Month and 1-YearTimeframes Agreed: 6 & 9-Month and 1-Year• Test Hypothesis: Test Hypothesis:

Closed Streets Closed Streets = = Closed Drug Markets Closed Drug Markets = = Violence Violence ReductionReduction

• Assessment Focus:Assessment Focus:− Change in ViolenceChange in Violence− Change in Arrest VolumeChange in Arrest Volume− Displacement of ViolenceDisplacement of Violence− Cost EffectivenessCost Effectiveness

Displacement of ViolenceDisplacement of Violence

1 Year Prior1 Year Prior

After 1 YearAfter 1 Year

After 2 YearsAfter 2 Years

After 3 YearsAfter 3 Years

After 4 YearsAfter 4 Years

After 5 YearsAfter 5 Years

1 Year Prior1 Year Prior

After 1 YearAfter 1 Year

After 2 YearsAfter 2 Years

After 3 YearsAfter 3 Years

After 4 YearsAfter 4 Years

After 5 YearsAfter 5 Years

Cost EffectivenessCost Effectiveness

2- Year Cost Per Offense Reduction 2- Year Cost Per Offense Reduction ComparisonComparison

TacticTactic Offense CategoryOffense Category Offense Offense ReductionReduction

Cost of Cost of TacticTactic

Cost per Offense Cost per Offense ReductionReduction

Barricade All Offenses -95 $15,000 $158

Task Force

All Offenses -98 $400,175 $4083

Barricade Violent Offenses -33 $15,000 $455

Task Force

Violent Offenses -29 $400,175 $13,799

What We LearnedWhat We Learned

• Value of Simple SolutionsValue of Simple Solutions− Arrests v. Environmental ChangesArrests v. Environmental Changes− Swift ImplementationSwift Implementation

• Improving Initial AnalysisImproving Initial Analysis− Victimization DataVictimization Data− Research DesignResearch Design

What We LearnedWhat We Learned

• Neighborhood Relationship DynamicsNeighborhood Relationship Dynamics− Leaders v. Residents and Project Support Leaders v. Residents and Project Support − The Use of Additional BarricadesThe Use of Additional Barricades

• Stability Beyond Crime ReductionStability Beyond Crime Reduction− Violence Reduction a Critical IngredientViolence Reduction a Critical Ingredient− Need for Significant Infrastructure Need for Significant Infrastructure

InvestmentInvestment

Positive ChangesPositive Changes

• InvestmentsInvestments− Hope VI Housing Grant ($20M)Hope VI Housing Grant ($20M)− Revitalization Plan AdoptedRevitalization Plan Adopted− Greenway DevelopmentGreenway Development− Improved Lighting ThroughoutImproved Lighting Throughout

• DimensionsDimensions− HousingHousing $38,827 to $67,655$38,827 to $67,655− IncomeIncome $12,503 to $12,503 to

$25,304$25,304

Belmont NeighborhoodBelmont Neighborhood

Violence Reduction ProjectViolence Reduction Project Charlotte-Mecklenburg Police Department

1999 - 2004