BELLWORKBELLWORK1.1. What was the Great Migration?What was the Great Migration?

2.2. Who was Marcus Garvey?Who was Marcus Garvey?

3.3. What groups in society did the “middle Klan” What groups in society did the “middle Klan” target? Why?target? Why?

4.4. What is What is temperance? temperance? Why did people support Why did people support this?this?

5.5. What groups in society supported temperance?What groups in society supported temperance?

6.6. THINKER: If the production and consumption of THINKER: If the production and consumption of soda became illegal in the U.S. how do you soda became illegal in the U.S. how do you think people would react? Would you stop think people would react? Would you stop drinking it? Explain.drinking it? Explain.

ProhibitionProhibition

1818thth Amendment passed on January 16, Amendment passed on January 16, 19201920

Made the manufacture, transportation and Made the manufacture, transportation and sale of alcohol illegal. sale of alcohol illegal.

GoalsGoals Eliminate drunkenness and domestic abuseEliminate drunkenness and domestic abuse Get rid of saloons where prostitution and Get rid of saloons where prostitution and

gambling thrivedgambling thrived Prevent work-related accidents Prevent work-related accidents

Carrie NationCarrie NationOne of the biggest One of the biggest supporters of the supporters of the prohibition movementprohibition movementPromoted her viewpoint Promoted her viewpoint through vandalismthrough vandalismOn many occasions, she On many occasions, she would enter a place that would enter a place that served alcohol and attack served alcohol and attack the bar with a hatchetthe bar with a hatchetDescribed herself as “a Described herself as “a bulldog running along at bulldog running along at the feet of Jesus, barking the feet of Jesus, barking at what He doesn't like” at what He doesn't like”

Prohibition’s EffectivenessProhibition’s EffectivenessThe new The new amendment amendment was widely was widely ignored.ignored.It created a It created a bigger bigger contrast contrast between rural between rural and urban and urban areas.areas.

The New CriminalThe New CriminalBootlegger: Bootlegger: supplier of illegal supplier of illegal alcohol. alcohol. They would They would produce their own produce their own alcohol or alcohol or smuggle it into the smuggle it into the U.S. through U.S. through Canada and the Canada and the Caribbean.Caribbean.

Templeton RyeTempleton RyeAl Capone’s favorite drink!Al Capone’s favorite drink!Made in Templeton, Iowa during Made in Templeton, Iowa during prohibitionprohibitionMain source of income for Main source of income for farmers/citizensfarmers/citizensExtremely popular in Chicago, Extremely popular in Chicago, Omaha, and Kansas CityOmaha, and Kansas CityCapone would send group of men Capone would send group of men into Templeton cemetery to retrieve into Templeton cemetery to retrieve the supply of alcohol and return it to the supply of alcohol and return it to ChicagoChicagoHid the supply in the tombstone of my Hid the supply in the tombstone of my great great grandpa, Bernard great great grandpa, Bernard BruggemanBruggemanTempleton was a small town of 200, Templeton was a small town of 200, and over 100 were Bruggeman's! and over 100 were Bruggeman's!

ConsumptionConsumptionBootleggers would Bootleggers would secretly supply secretly supply alcohol to alcohol to restaurants and restaurants and nightclubs.nightclubs.

Speakeasies: Speakeasies: bars bars that operated that operated illegally. illegally.

Had to have Had to have membership to be membership to be allowed in these allowed in these underground bars. underground bars.

“Some speakeasies are disguised behind florists’ shops, or behind undertakers’ coffins. I know one, right in Broadway, which is entered through an imitation telephone-box; it has excellent beer.”

-Paul Morand, 1929

Speakeasy Video ClipsSpeakeasy Video Clips

Some Like it HotSome Like it Hot Start at 1:30Start at 1:30 http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=o3NRKWEDkDMv=o3NRKWEDkDM

Cities of the UnderworldCities of the Underworld New York Secret Societies New York Secret Societies

Organized CrimeOrganized CrimeThe complexity of bootlegging, along with The complexity of bootlegging, along with high profits, led to the development of high profits, led to the development of organized crime.organized crime.

Gangsters competed to supply liquor, but Gangsters competed to supply liquor, but clashed with other gangs.clashed with other gangs.

Rival groups fought in the streets with Rival groups fought in the streets with machine guns and shot guns. machine guns and shot guns.

The gangs moved into other illegal activities, The gangs moved into other illegal activities, including gambling and prostitution. including gambling and prostitution.

Why do you think the police did not stop this?Why do you think the police did not stop this?

CrimeCrimeGangsters bribed police and other Gangsters bribed police and other government officials to ignore their illegal government officials to ignore their illegal operations. operations.

Gangsters forced local businesses to pay Gangsters forced local businesses to pay a fee for “protection.” a fee for “protection.”

If anyone refused, their business or home If anyone refused, their business or home would be blown up.would be blown up.

Terrified citizens and supporters of Terrified citizens and supporters of prohibition were forced to comply with prohibition were forced to comply with their demands.their demands.

Homicide Rates

Al CaponeAl Capone

Al Capone, Al Capone, nicknamed nicknamed “Scarface,” was the “Scarface,” was the most famous most famous gangster of gangster of Chicago’s organized Chicago’s organized crime network. crime network. Capone bought the Capone bought the cooperation of police, cooperation of police, city officials, city officials, politicians, and politicians, and judges.judges.

St. Valentine’s Day MassacreSt. Valentine’s Day Massacre

Al CaponeAl Capone

Capone murdered Capone murdered and bribed his way and bribed his way through Chicago through Chicago for a decade.for a decade.

He was finally He was finally arrested and arrested and imprisoned in imprisoned in 1931 for income-1931 for income-tax evasion. tax evasion.

“All I ever did was supply a demand that was pretty popular”

- Al Capone

““When Prohibition was When Prohibition was introduced, I hoped that it introduced, I hoped that it would be widely supported by would be widely supported by public opinion and the day public opinion and the day would soon come when the evil would soon come when the evil effects of alcohol would be effects of alcohol would be recognized. I have slowly and recognized. I have slowly and reluctantly come to believe that reluctantly come to believe that this has not been the result. this has not been the result. Instead, drinking has generally Instead, drinking has generally increased; the speakeasy has increased; the speakeasy has replaced the saloon; a vast replaced the saloon; a vast army of lawbreakers has army of lawbreakers has appeared; many of our best appeared; many of our best citizens have openly ignored citizens have openly ignored Prohibition; respect for the law Prohibition; respect for the law has been greatly lessened; and has been greatly lessened; and crime has increased to a level crime has increased to a level never seen before. “never seen before. “

John Rockefeller; 1932

The End of ProhibitionThe End of ProhibitionProhibition became Prohibition became more unpopular more unpopular during the Great during the Great Depression.Depression.

Congress repealed Congress repealed the 18the 18thth Amendment Amendment in 1933.in 1933.

The 21The 21stst Amendment Amendment declared an end to declared an end to prohibition. prohibition.

ClosureClosure

Why did people support Why did people support prohibition? Why were people prohibition? Why were people against it?against it?

In your own words, describe a In your own words, describe a bootlegger and a speakeasy.bootlegger and a speakeasy.

How did prohibition lead to an How did prohibition lead to an increase in criminal activity?increase in criminal activity?

Who was Al Capone?Who was Al Capone?