bell ringer for today: yesterday we mentioned how people were “spied” on because they were...
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Bell Ringer for Today:Yesterday we mentioned how people were
“spied” on because they were possibly “socialists” or “communists.” Would you report a neighbor, friend, or family member to the government you suspected a “socialist?” Explain your answer.
• Agenda for today: – Review video clip or two– “Causes of the Great Depression” notes & documents– Today’s HW: oops, forgot to include those ? – Unit 10 Test: Thursday, April 18
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The 1920s were a decade of consumer spending and the economy looked healthy on the surface
Income did increase in the 1920s, but there
were severe problems with the U.S. economy
In October 1929, the “Roaring Twenties” came to an end and the Great Depression began…why?
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Group Activity: What caused the Great Depression?
■ In teams, determine what factors contributed to the Great Depression: –Examine the documents provided and
complete the chart in your notes–After examining all documents, try to
group the documents into categories–When finished, create a one sentence
thesis that explains why the depression began…be prepared to discuss
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Causes of the Great Depression: A
Distribution of Wealth in the
1920s
* An income of $2,500 per year
was considered the minimum
amount needed for a decent standard
of living
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Causes of the Great Depression: B
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Causes of the Great Depression: C
Year the depression
began
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Causes of the Great Depression: D
Year the depression
began
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Causes of the Great Depression: EBenefits and risks of
buying a $1,000 stock “on margin” from a broker
Stock bought “on margin”
Stock sold after increase in value
Stock sold after decrease in value
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Causes of the Great Depression: F
Year the depression
began
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Over-production and under-consumption By the end of the 1920s, factories produced too many durable goods
(known as over-production) People did not need as many
appliances and cars by the end of the decade (under-consumption)
Too much inventory…Not enough buyers
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Problems for farmers and industry The end of WWI led to a decline in demand for agricultural products and a 40% decline in crop prices
Farmers could not pay back loans and many had their farms foreclosed
End of WWI
Railroads, textiles, coal were losing money and faced competition from cars, synthetic fabrics, natural gas
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Increasing American debtsMany Americans used credit to live beyond their means, generate large
debts, and had to cut back on spending by the end of the decade
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How does consumer debt in the 1920s compare to today?
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Uneven distribution of wealth The decade was not as wealthy
as it appeared; Despite rising wages, the gap between the rich and poor
grew wider in the 1920s70% of Americans were considered “poor” so most of the spending was
done by 30% of the population
* An income of $2,500 per year was the minimum amount for
a decent standard of living
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Stock market speculation
The stock market soared throughout the 1920s and people speculated by borrowing money to pay for stocks
(called buying on margin)The stock market was not regulated
which allowed some companies to alter their stock values
to increase profits…This created a
“bubble” in the stock market
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The spark the triggered the Great Depression was the
stock market crash in October 1929 On October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday)
the stock market crashed
People rushed to sell, stock prices dropped, and investors lost a total of $30 billion
Speculators who bought on the
margin, could not pay off their debts
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After the crash, people tried to withdraw their
money from banksWhen banks could
not produce money for all their customers,
the banks failedThis led to a run on
banks across the U.S… hundreds of banks
failed and thousands of people lost their savings The banking failure and stock market crash led
to the collapse of thousands of businesses
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• Bell ringer for 3/17:•
• Agenda for today: – – “Causes of the Great Depression” notes &
documents– Today’s HW: Just read…– Unit 11 Test: Friday, March 21
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When the Great Depression began, millions of people lost their jobs or took pay cuts to keep their jobs
From 1929 to 1932, unemployment grew to 12 million people
Americans lacked confidence in the
future so they tried not to spend money
The decline in consumer confidence made the depression
drag on until the 1940s
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The Great Depression led to a global depression
in Europe, Asia, and Latin America
World trade fell by 40%To encourage citizens to buy from U.S. companies (not foreign competitors) the government passed
new high tariffs……European nations
responded with their own tariffs which made it
difficult for U.S. companies to sell their goods overseas
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The Great Depression led to a collapse of the American financial system by 1933
Americans lost confidence in banks as
25,000 banks failed; The lack of banking meant there was no
money for investment
The lack of spending and stock market
crash led to failure of 90,000 businesses
Unemployment peaked at 25% of all Americans; People lost their homes,
farms, and businesses
The USA had record poverty and suicide rates and healthcare declined; Charities
offered soup kitchens and breadlines to help
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Soup Kitchens and Breadlines
Rudy Vallee “Brother Can You Spare a Dime?”
Song plays for next 4 slides
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Mortgage Foreclosures
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Poverty in America
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The effects of the depression were made worse by the Dust Bowl
Decades of over-farming and droughts in the Plains led to
windstorms that swept away soil and made farming impossible
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Farmers in the Plains (called “Okies” and “Arkies” left their farms and searched for work or
for better land in West coast states
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Group Activity: ■ In teams, play the role of an economist and
try to bring the Great Depression to an end–Examine each of the “Economic Briefing”
sheets provided and choose a solution based upon the choices provided–After examining each briefing sheet,
choose a presenter and discuss as a class–When finished, examine “Conservative,
Liberal, and Radical Solutions” sheet and examine the reading on how President Hoover responded to the Depression
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Bell ringer for Today• What are 3 causes of the Great
Depression?• What were 2 groups affected by the
Great Depression?• What is 1 question you have about the
Great Depression?
• Agenda for today: – “FDR & the New Deal” notes– Today’s HW: 23.1 & 23.2 (#15-19)–Unit 10 Test:
• 5th & 7th PERIODS: Friday, April 19• FIRST PERIOD: Monday, April 22
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When the Great Depression began, Republican President Herbert Hoover tried
to solve America’s economic problems President Hoover
believed that America could overcome the depression through
“rugged individualism” (using hard work and
perseverance)
Hoover private charities to help (“volunteerism”)He encouraged business growth, wanted to keep taxes low, and avoided
direct gov’t intervention
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As the depression worsened, Hoover called for more direct government action to ease peoples’ suffering
Under Hoover, the gov’t issued relief checks to help the unemployed
Congress created the Reconstruction Finance
Corps (RFC) to loan money to save failing businesses
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Congress approved new building projects to put Americans to work like the Hoover Dam
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These efforts did not end the depression and many citizens lost faith in President Hoover
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Americans who lost their homes, lived in shantytowns nicknamed “Hoovervilles”
“Hoover Hotels” “Hoover Blankets”
“Hooverville”
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By the election of 1932, Americans were looking for new leadership and a president who
could save them from the Great Depression