"' ..

u.s. Department of Energy Oak Ridge Operat ions Poat Office Box E Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831

Bechtel National, Inc. Eng,ncr~'5 - CunSlruclo's

JilCI!&on PlllIa Towel

arlO 000 Atdlll' lurnp'"1! Ou A,allo TO'l'HIS&UO

.\'I.,'Aaarllll I> 0 II." I~O ()._A~I It; l'HI' \,1'" r.'e. JI'~~',

1111 ":LJ997

Attention: S, W. Ahrends, Director Technical Services Division

Subject: Bechtel Job No. 14501, f'USRAP Project DOE contract NO. DE-AC05-BIOR20722 publication of the Performance Monitoring Report for the Niagara Fa!.ls Storage Site Waste containment Structure code: 7430/WBS: 202

Dear Me. Ahrends;

The following is in response to your letter number B7-38S (our CCN 045653).

Enclos~'" tire ten copies of the 5 I. t report. ThlS pub! __ : i version i"'co .. 'c~ :::6 the comments provided in the referenced lettt:!r. In addition, a copy of Reference I) is enc1ose,j i'!ij

requested. A duplicate set of the photographs c(:.': <n~d ill Reference 7 is being rnade for you to retain in your flies; ttlt' reference and photographs wi 11 be transmi tted to YOu a,~ soon QS photographic processing is complete.

AMF/amf Enclosures: As stated

cc: R. G. Atkin (w/o enclosure)

very truly yours,

:-1, .. (( ... 'r t'-II f

J. A. Arenson Pro)ect Mandget - f'USRAP

L. F. Campbell (w/o enclosure) G. K. Hovey tw/o enclosure) J. F. Wing (w/o enclosure)

0966x

I I I I

• I I I

• I I I I I I I I I I

Su'plu, Filcillt,,)s M;Hldll",,,,,,,t P'flU'drrl lSI MI'I Contracl No DE-ACOb810R20722

PERFORMANCE MONITORING REPORT FOR THE NIAGARA FALLS STORAGE SITE

WASTE CONTAINMENT STRUCTURE

Lewiston, New York

Calendar Year 1986

-------------- - -- -----

July 1987

Bechtel NatIOnal. Inc.

r--------- LU,4!-MJTJCt: ---------

O~S9S3

DOE/OR/20722-159

PF.RFORMANCf MON I TOR HIe REPORT

FOP THE NIAGARA FALLS STORAGE SITF.

WI\STF CONTld NMI.::NT STFUCTtJR f

CALFNOI\P YEAR 1986

JULY 1987

prt-pared (Dr

UNITED STATFS DfPAR':'Mn:T OF ENERGY

OAK FIDGF OrFIiATIONS OFFICE

Under Contract No. DE-AC05-BIOR20722

By

M.G. Jones, C.R. Johnson, and J.A. Blanke

Bechtel National, InC'.

Oak Ridge, Tennessee-

Bechtel Job No. 14501

TABLE Of CONTENTS

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Location and Description

1.2 Objective

2.0 Summary of Performance Monitoring Results

3.0 Performance Monitoring Data

3.1 Surface Monitoring

3.2 Subsurface Monitoring

3.3 Environmental Monitoring

4.0 comparison with Previous Data

5.0 Actions Required

References

A.l-'per.dix 1\ - bumnldry of Vibrating Wire Pressure Tri:tnsducer Data for Calendar Year 19~6

il

15

19

24

25

26

Figure

1-1

1-2

1-3

3-1

3-2

3-3

3-' 3-5

3-6

3-1

3-2

3-3

LIST OF FIGURES

.lli..!.! The Regional Setting of the NFSS

Site Plan of the HFS5

Cross Section of the NFSS waste Containment Structure

Aerial Mapping of the NP5S waste containment Structure

Aerial View of the NFSS Waste Contalnment Structure

survey Grid for the NF5S waste Containment Structure

Locations of Areas of Cap Surface Erosion

Location of VWPTs and PpTs on the Waste Containment Structure

Location of NFSS Groundwater Monitoring wells in the Vicinity of the Waste C~ntainment structure

LIST OF T1\9LES

~

Elevations in Feet (MSL) at Grid Intersections, NFSS Waste containment structure

summary of Subsurface Monitoring Instruments

concentrations of Uranium and Radium-226 in Groundwater at the NFSS, 1986

iii

O~5953

10

11

13

16

17

21

l' 18

22

em

ft py

h.

in.

km

msl

),lCi/ml

pCi/l

ABBREVIATIONS

iv

centimeter

foot

fiscal year

hectare

inch

kilometer

O~5953

mean sea level

microcLlries per

milliliter

picocucies per liter

;':1 0

all :i-l ~U) z~

ffi~~g~ g~~~~ ~~~!rl~ ~~~~~

('& ~~~tt

j 51--~~ cnf2!5~~ g~;t~~

UI fa i=~n~~~ .. ~ a::a::W;(X

~ ~~~~~ " ~ozR::R::

I-uc!c:(o:(

w 1; z

I ~ '" 0 '" 0 "' ~ ~ '" ::l !2

'" '" '" ul ~ ul ~ ul ~ ul ill ill '" '" '"

~\w 20 -<r Qa: ~(!)

w a: r= u ;;J

f= en I-z W ::; z ~ Z 0 u W I-en

~ en en LL Z w J: l-LL 0 Z 0 i= u w en en en 0 a: U

:2 ill ~ w

w a: ;;J (!l u::

Burface layer forms a protoctive blanket to maintain moisture within tho clay layer and reduce tho effect of hOBt heave. It

also prevents ~rying that could reoult in the formation of

tension cracks and provides a baee for shallow-rooted graBs. The clay layer, soil cover, and topoeil comprise the short-term

closure system fot' the Waste Containment Structure.

1. 2 OBJECTIVE

The primary objective of the performance moni toring program is

early detection of trends that could indicate weaknesses

developing in the containment structure. The monitoring system

serves as the basis for a preventive maintenance program,

allowing corrective action to be taken before the integrity of

the structurE! is compromised. consequently, subsurface as well

as surface monitoring techniques are used. possible indications

of structural distress include:

o Differential settlement of the wastes

a Desiccation cracking of the clay cove,!:

o Horizontal displacement

a Surface erosion

o Anil. ..... l burrowing

o Deep-rooter vegetation

a Rapid rise of the potentiometric (saturated) surface inside the containment structure

o Residual reduction in soil density due to frost heave

2.0 SUMMARY OF PEl1FORMANCE MONITORING RESULTS

nurin9 19B6, the performance monitoring pcogcam at the NFSS was

initiated to monitor the surface and subsurface conditions of

the Waste Containment Structure. Surface techniques are used to

check waste placement, the various layers of the containment

facility cover, and surface drainage. Subsurface

instrumentation monitors the performance of the gray clay unit

and cutoff wall/dike.

Surface monitoring activities included a topographic survey, a

walkover survey, and aerial photographY. However, the aerial

photographs of the cap were ta\t:en in the fall during closure

activities, $0 the cap was not complete and the aerial

photographs do not represent baseline data. Aerial photographs

were taken again in early June 1987 to provide the required

baseline photographic data. This aerial mapping will provide a

reference for detection of changes in the surface contours of

the Waste containment Structure to supplement the information

provided by the topograph ic and wal kover su rveys.

The top,~-aphic and walkover surveys were performed in the fall

followinq closure of the containment structure. These

activities have established the baseline for ensuius 1J1U';-'

performance monitoring surveys. Data obtained represent the

initial condition of the Waste Containment Structure and provide

the basis for determining whether any actions are required. The

results of the surface monitoring are discussed in

Subsection 3.1, and actions required are discussed in

Secti.on 5.0.

subsurface monitoring instrumentation includes vibrating wire

pressure transducers tVWPTS) (to monitor pore water pressure)

and a secondary system of pneumatic pressure transducers (PPTs),

which provide a check on the operation of the VWPTs. The

locations of these devices are shown in Figure 3-5. The PPTs

were installed adjacent to three of the VWPTs. The PPTs had

only one reading in 1986, which was the initial reading in

November after ~notallat1on. Monthly readings are planned for

the future. De.ily rcodingB of VWPTs began in November 1986 and

will continue for one year to establish a baseline reading for

the instruments. The frequency of readings will then be

adjusted depending on results of the first year's operation.

Data COllected during the 1986 monitoring period reflect the

reestablishment of water levels that existed prior to instrument

installation. Once stability has been reestablished, any

further changes detected by the instruments will reflect changes

within the wastes. Data are represented in graph form in

Appendix l\, and the results of the subsurface monitoring are

discussed more fully in subsection 3.2.

O~5953

3.0 PERFORMANCE MONITORING DATA

This section provides the results of the 1986 performance

monitoring program at the NFSS and a summary of the results of

the environmental monitoring for calendar year 1986. The specific details of the performance monitoring system are

prOVided in Reference 6. Complete environmental monitoring

information is provided in Reference 4.

3.1 SURFACE MONITORING

3.1.1 Aerial Photography

An aerial survey of the cap surface was performed in October

1986 as the waste Containment Structure was being completed.

The northern section of the cap surface was complete at the time

of the aerial survey, but the grading on the southern section of

the cap surface was not complete. During the next aerial

survey, to be performed in spring 1987, additional information

will be obtained that will show the completed Waste Containment

Structure. Thereafter, the survey will be flown at

approximately the same time each year to optimize consistency in

evaluating the mapped area.

Figure 3-1 sn- ,s the surface contours develop2d from the aerial survey of the waste Containment Structure. The deviations in the contours located along the 3:1 slope on the east side of the

waste Containment Structure are not erosion problems but small

trenches excavated to install the cables for the pressure

transducers. An aerial view of the containment structure as it

appeared in October 1986 is shown in Figure 3-2.

3.1.2 Topographic Survey

A topographic survey of the cap surface was performed in

November 1986 on a predetermined grid. The grid layout utilized

lOO-ft spacing; north/south grid lines were deSignated with

9

045953

8N1 NO is (S600 WI2S) t ELE\lJ'BJII~ I L 13

1 8M NO , 15600 El1S1

I ELEV3'680~

W-i r \ 1 1,\ SOUTH 16 OITCH

®- '---<

[~! 1/ ®

x ~ ---I "'-./ " I ~

®-i r-< I \ ~ " x

r-<! I

I ,~ J- , I ~ " 5 ~

I · , WAST€. CON.TAINMENT ~ t--' !STRUCTURE ~,

0-~ I A : · t--' ~

6 ~ i - - ~

<V-I · I

I ~ Ii - I

~ @ I

~:: ---, " 7\~ \ ,),OITe l1

I " f--< -- ","'\ ... .--i "- ---.-w I i H( \ l0-NOT TO SCALE

,

® \ I i I "

,

1 \.... TOE OF CAP i ,

i, I

~~. ~ I ,

@ I~- GRID lIf4ES ARE AT o · ® ® BM NO 5 [51800 wt251\ I

© ® G A SPACING OF 100

ELEV31996~

FIGURE 3·3 SURVEY GRID FOR THE NFSS WASTE CONTAINMENT STRUCTURE

01.595,

TAbLE 3-1

ELEVATIONS IN FEET (MSLI AT GRID INTERSECTIONS, NFSS

WASTE CONTAINMENT STRUCTUREa

E/W Grid Lln •• b N/S Grid Llnesb CIEO'5! oIE17SI EIE"S! F I El'S 1

12 ( 5700) 318.2 317.2 317.1 317.2

11 (59001 332.2 334.7 334.5 333.5

10 ( 59001 333.9 341. 2 341.7 334.6

(51000) 333.6 341. 8 343.1 334.5

(51100) 333.1 341. 4 342.5 334.9

(51200 ) 333.0 341. 2 342.3 335.0

(51300) 333.6 342.4 344.7 337.5

5 (SHOO) 333.7 343.2 347.4 339.6

(51500 ) 334.5 343.2 347.1 343.3

(51600) 338.8 339.8 337.5 337.8

(51700 ) 323.1 321. 2 319.9 320.5

(SISOO) 320.2 320.5 321. 4 317.6

aElevations ps'"--:bJ ':ed during topographic survey, November 13-14, 198b.

bCoordinates of grid lines are in parentheses.

14

Localized areas of sparse grass on the northern section of the cap

Tire tracks on the topsoil

Locations of large clods on the cap surface

o Water infiltration into geotechnical instrumentation manhole

o Poor drainage along the toe of the cap

Isolated areas of erosion in the southern section of the cap (see Figure 3-4)

photographs of these conditions are available in project files

for future reference (Ref. 7). Actions required to correct the

items noted are discussed in Section 5.0.

3.2 SUBSURFACE MONITORING

In fall 1966, 13 VWPTs and 3 l'PTs were installed inside the

Waste containment Structure, as shown in Figure 3-5. The thrE'e

PPTs were installed at the same elevation and in the same

boreholes as VWPTs 1, 9, and 13. The PPTs pro .... ide a means for

checking the operation of the VWPTs. The instrument number,

grid ]0' io,,! recorder channel, ground surface elevation, and

instrument elevation are summarized in Table 3-2.

The instruments were installed in boreholes drilled to the base

of the wastes at the designated locations. Each instrument was

installed 6 in. above the bottom of the borehole, then embedded

in 3 ft of sand. A l-ft thick bentonite seal was placed above

the sand. The remaining portion of the borehole was filled with

grout.

The instrument cables were then buried in trenches and routed to

the termination point in Building 403. During installation, the

cable from VWPT at Borehole 10 was accidentally cut at the

ground surface, and the use of that instrument was terminated.

A replacement instrument was installed adjacent to Borehole 10

1,

1

)(

I )(

x

WASTE CDNlAINIENl AREA

\0 ,:::. C>

NOT TO SCALE

_ AREAS OF \IIIlIIII1 EROSION

FIGURE 3-4 AREAS OF EROSION ON THE NFSS WASTE CONTAINMEN STRUCTURE SURFACE

,-r=-=

I I \

\ \

\ \ \

\ \

\ \ \ I I I I I

21

~ o z

LL o ~ Z U ;; w I f-

~ U"J -' -'

3: (!) 2 iI: f2 z Ow 2~ o:f­wU l:i::::J

3:1= cU"J 2f­:::J2

~~ (!)2

~~ LL2 20 LLU Ow 2f-Q~ !<c~ Uw g~

co M w 0: :::J (!)

u:

TABLE 3-3

CONCENTRATIONS OF URANIUM AND RADIUM- 226

IN GROUNDWATER AT THE NFSS. 1986

Sampling !:2Dcent rat 10n (10-9~b Locat iana Minimum Maximum Average

~

BH-5 <3 <3 <3 8R-48 <3 6 5

A-42 65 73 71 A-SO <3 5 4

8H-49 <3 <3 <3 A-52 13 19 17

8H-64 11 15 13 8H-70 <3 4 <3 8H-71 <3 <3 <3

Badium-226

BH-5 0.3 0.7 0.5 BH-4B 0.4 0.7 0.5

A-42 0.1 1.5 0.6 A-50 0.2 0.9 0.5

8H-49 0.1 0.5 0.2 A-52 0.2 0.3 0.3

BH-64 0.3 0.5 0.' 8H-70 0.3 0.6 0.5 BH-71 0.2 0.8 0.4

aSampl in: l~- . ions are shown in Figure 3-f.. Only those \oIelLs adjacent to or nearby the Waste containment Structure are reported in this document. For complete site-wide results, see the 1986 Site Environmental monitoring report (Ref. 4).

bl x 10- 9 uC1/ml is equivalent to 1 pCt/1.

0293t :DRAFT 06/05/87

22

same (Ref. 4). Therefore, the 1986 datd represent a

well-established baseline condition upon which to base

comparisons ..,ieh fUtUC8 monitoring results. As reported

earliec, the groundwater monitoring program wi" Io,e greatly

expanded in 1987, with the addition of the 36 ,rronltoring

wella. The established data record and expandel. monitoring

program will provide the information neceSSCl.ry for quickly

ascertaining any increases in radionuclide concentrations in

groundwater.

23

4.0 COMPARISON WITH PREVIOUS DATA

Since the Waste Cont.ainment Structure was just completed in fall

1986, there are no previous data for comparison. As previously

stated, the data obt.ained in calendar years 1986 and the 1987

aerial survey will establish the baseline for future performance

monitoring, making possible the early detection of surface or

subsurface changes that may indicate developing weakness in the

Waste Containment Structure. To accurately evaluate the

effectiveness of the containment facility, the data from both

the performance monitoring system and the broader environmental

monitoring program will be assessed.

For 1986, thE. environmental monitoring report sho~s there has

been no change in the quality of the water collected from the

groundwater ~ells surrounding the Waste containment structure.

The report also shows that, regarding radon levels, external

gamma radiation levels, and calculation of potential dose to the

public, the NFSS is in compliance with the DOE radiation

protection standard (Ref. 4).

24

APPENDIX A

SUMMARY OF VIBRATING WIRE PRESSURE TRANSDUCER DATA

FOR CALENDAR YEAR 1986

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