bcm 410a - lecture 1
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The body works at the molecular level Molecules are organized into cells Cells are organized into organs Small molecules in the body Biological macromolecules. BCM 410A - lecture 1. Drugs - ethanol Dwarfism Myocardial infarction Aspirin. Instructors: Michael J. Holland. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
• Drugs - ethanol
• Dwarfism
• Myocardial infarction
• Aspirin
• Drugs - ethanol
• Dwarfism
• Myocardial infarction
• Aspirin
BCM 410A - lecture BCM 410A - lecture 11
The body works at the molecular level
Molecules are organized into cells
Cells are organized into organs
Small molecules in the body
Biological macromolecules
Instructors:
Michael J. Holland
BCM 410A - vital BCM 410A - vital statisticsstatistics
Instructors:
Michael J. Holland
Harry R. Matthews
Welcome to BCM 410AWelcome to BCM 410A
Instructors:
Michael J. Holland
Harry R. Matthews
John W.B. Hershey
Welcome to BCM 410AWelcome to BCM 410A
Instructors:
Michael J. Holland
Harry R. Matthews
John W.B. Hershey
Larry Hjelmeland
Welcome to BCM 410AWelcome to BCM 410A
Instructors:
Michael J. Holland
Harry R. Matthews
John W.B. Hershey
Larry Hjelmeland
Michael Hanley
Welcome to BCM 410AWelcome to BCM 410A
Instructors:
Michael J. Holland
Harry R. Matthews
John W.B. Hershey
Larry Hjelmeland
Michael Hanley
Welcome to BCM 410AWelcome to BCM 410Aoffice hours: noon - 12:45 pm and
4:30 - 5:30 pm
Instructors:
Michael J. Holland
Harry R. Matthews
John W.B. Hershey
Larry Hjelmeland
Michael Hanley
Welcome to BCM 410AWelcome to BCM 410Aoffice hours: noon - 12:45 pm and
4:30 - 5:30 pm
office: room 4125 MS1A
Instructors:
Michael J. Holland
Harry R. Matthews
John W.B. Hershey
Larry Hjelmeland
Michael Hanley
Welcome to BCM 410AWelcome to BCM 410Aoffice hours: noon - 12:45 pm and
4:30 - 5:30 pm
office: room 4125 MS1A
telephone: 752-3570
Instructors:
Michael J. Holland
Harry R. Matthews
John W.B. Hershey
Larry Hjelmeland
Michael Hanley
Welcome to BCM 410AWelcome to BCM 410Aoffice hours: noon - 12:45 pm and
4:30 - 5:30 pm
office: room 4125 MS1A
telephone: 752-3570
email: [email protected]
Instructors:
Michael J. Holland
Harry R. Matthews
John W.B. Hershey
Larry Hjelmeland
Michael Hanley
Welcome to BCM 410AWelcome to BCM 410Aoffice hours: noon - 12:45 pm and
4:30 - 5:30 pm
office: room 4125 MS1A
telephone: 752-3570
email: [email protected]
reviews: Tuesdays, 5:00 pm, 2428/30
Instructors:
Michael J. Holland
Harry R. Matthews
John W.B. Hershey
Larry Hjelmeland
Michael Hanley
Welcome to BCM 410AWelcome to BCM 410Aoffice hours: noon - 12:45 pm and
4:30 - 5:30 pm
office: room 4125 MS1A
telephone: 752-3570
email: [email protected]
reviews: Tuesdays, 5:00 pm, 2428/30
study aids: MoBy
Instructors:
Michael J. Holland
Harry R. Matthews
John W.B. Hershey
Larry Hjelmeland
Michael Hanley
Welcome to BCM 410AWelcome to BCM 410Aoffice hours: noon - 12:45 pm and
4:30 - 5:30 pm
office: room 4125 MS1A
telephone: 752-3570
email: [email protected]
reviews: Tuesdays, 5:00 pm, 2428/30
study aids: MoBy
lecture “slides”
Instructors:
Michael J. Holland
Harry R. Matthews
John W.B. Hershey
Larry Hjelmeland
Michael Hanley
Welcome to BCM 410AWelcome to BCM 410Aoffice hours: noon - 12:45 pm and
4:30 - 5:30 pm
office: room 4125 MS1A
telephone: 752-3570
email: [email protected]
reviews: Tuesdays, 5:00 pm, 2428/30
study aids: MoBy
lecture “slides”
WWW sites: http://moby.ucdavis.edu
Instructors:
Michael J. Holland
Harry R. Matthews
John W.B. Hershey
Larry Hjelmeland
Michael Hanley
Welcome to BCM 410AWelcome to BCM 410Aoffice hours: noon - 12:45 pm and
4:30 - 5:30 pm
office: room 4125 MS1A
telephone: 752-3570
email: [email protected]
reviews: Tuesdays, 5:00 pm, 2428/30
study aids: MoBy
lecture “slides”
WWW sites: http://moby.ucdavis.eduhttp://medtstgo.ucdavis. edu/Resource.htm
Our food is broken down to small molecules before use by the body
Organs and cells communicate through molecules circulating in the blood stream—hormones
Molecules can have dramatic effects—drugs
Energy is stored(glycogen, fat), transported (triglycerides, glucose)
used (ATP) at the molecular level.
Our food is broken down to small moleculesbefore use by the body
Organs and cells communicate through—molecules circulating in the blood streamhormones
Molecules can have dramatic effects—drugs
Energy isstored ,(glycogen, fat) transported (triglycerides, glucose)
used (ATP)at the molecular level.
The body works at the molecular levelThe body works at the molecular level
Molecules are organized into cellsMolecules are organized into cells
Golgi complex
nucleus
mitochondrion
nuclear envelope
plasma membrane
smooth endoplasmicreticulum
ribosomes
pore complex
nucleolus
rough endoplasmicreticulum
vesicle
Molecules are organized into cellsMolecules are organized into cells
Golgi complexGolgi complex
nucleus
mitochondrion
nuclear envelope
plasma membrane
smooth endoplasmicreticulum
ribosomes
pore complex
nucleolus
rough endoplasmicreticulum
vesicle
Golgi complex:a structure where proteins are processed and sorted on
their way to other organelles or to the exterior of the cell.
Molecules are organized into cellsMolecules are organized into cells
Golgi complex
nucleusnucleus
mitochondrion
nuclear envelope
plasma membrane
smooth endoplasmicreticulum
ribosomes
pore complex
nucleolus
rough endoplasmicreticulum
vesicle
Nucleus: a separate compartment containing the DNAand the processes of RNA and DNA synthesis
Molecules are organized into cellsMolecules are organized into cells
Golgi complex
nucleus
mitochondrionmitochondrion
nuclear envelope
plasma membrane
smooth endoplasmicreticulum
ribosomes
pore complex
nucleolus
rough endoplasmicreticulum
vesicle
Mitochondria: structures involved in the synthesis ofATP to provide energy for the cell
Molecules are organized into cellsMolecules are organized into cells
Golgi complex
nucleus
mitochondrion
nuclear envelopenuclear envelope
plasma membrane
smooth endoplasmicreticulum
ribosomes
pore complex
nucleolus
rough endoplasmicreticulum
vesicle
Nuclear envelope: the membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm
Cytoplasm: the solution between the plasma membrane and the other organelles
Molecules are organized into cellsMolecules are organized into cells
Golgi complex
nucleus
mitochondrion
nuclear envelope
plasma membraneplasma membrane
smooth endoplasmicreticulum
ribosomes
pore complex
nucleolus
rough endoplasmicreticulum
vesicle
Plasma membrane: the membrane that separates the interior of the cell from its exterior
Molecules are organized into cellsMolecules are organized into cells
Golgi complex
nucleus
mitochondrion
nuclear envelope
plasma membrane
smooth endoplasmicreticulumsmooth endoplasmicreticulum
ribosomes
pore complex
nucleolus
rough endoplasmicreticulum
vesicle
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum: cytoplasmic membrane structure
Molecules are organized into cellsMolecules are organized into cells
Golgi complex
nucleus
mitochondrion
nuclear envelope
plasma membrane
smooth endoplasmicreticulum
pore complex
nucleolus
rough endoplasmicreticulum
vesicle
Ribosomes: macromolecular complexes that synthesize proteins
ribosomesribosomes
Molecules are organized into cellsMolecules are organized into cells
Golgi complex
nucleus
mitochondrion
nuclear envelope
plasma membrane
smooth endoplasmicreticulum
ribosomes
nucleolus
rough endoplasmicreticulum
vesicle
Pore complex: pores in the nuclear membrane that allow small molecules to pass but regulate the passsage of large molecules
pore complexpore complex
Molecules are organized into cellsMolecules are organized into cells
Golgi complex
nucleus
mitochondrion
nuclear envelope
plasma membrane
smooth endoplasmicreticulum
ribosomes
pore complex
rough endoplasmicreticulum
vesicle
Nucleolus: a structure inside the nucleus where specific RNA molecules are synthesized
nucleolusnucleolus
Molecules are organized into cellsMolecules are organized into cells
Golgi complex
nucleus
mitochondrion
nuclear envelope
plasma membrane
smooth endoplasmicreticulum
ribosomes
pore complex
nucleolus
vesicle
Rough endoplasmic reticulum: regions of the endoplasmic reticulum (E.R.) that are coated with ribosomes
rough endoplasmicreticulumrough endoplasmicreticulum
Molecules are organized into cellsMolecules are organized into cells
Golgi complex
nucleus
mitochondrion
nuclear envelope
plasma membrane
smooth endoplasmicreticulum
ribosomes
pore complex
nucleolus
rough endoplasmicreticulum
Vesicle: a variety of additional structures in the cytoplasm used for storage or transport or specialized enzyme reactions, e.g. lysozomes, peroxisomes
vesiclevesicle
Molecules are organized into cellsMolecules are organized into cells
Note:
plasma membrane
Cell from the pancreas
Molecules are organized into cellsMolecules are organized into cells
Note:
plasma membrane
mitochondria
Cell from the pancreas
Molecules are organized into cellsMolecules are organized into cells
Note:
plasma membrane
mitochondria
nucleus
Cell from the pancreas
Molecules are organized into cellsMolecules are organized into cells
Note:
plasma membrane
mitochondria
nucleus
nucleolus
Cell from the pancreas
Molecules are organized into cellsMolecules are organized into cells
Note:
plasma membrane
mitochondria
nucleus
nucleolus
endoplasmic reticulum
Cell from the pancreas
Molecules are organized into cellsMolecules are organized into cells
Note:
plasma membrane
mitochondria
nucleus
nucleolus
endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi complex
Cell from the pancreas
human lymphocyte
מיטוכונדריה
גופיף גולג’י
ממברנה פלסמטית
גרעין
רטיקולום אנדופלסמטי
Cells are organized into organsCells are organized into organs
hormone molecules
Cell of endocrine gland
Target cells
Capilliary network
Note 3 organ systems in picture (a):
i) endocrine gland
ii) blood stream
iii) target organ
(a)
Cells are organized into organsCells are organized into organs
hormone molecules
Neurosecretorycells
Target cells
Capilliary network
Note 3 organ systems in picture (b):
i) neurosecretory cells
ii) blood stream
iii) target organ(b)
Stimulus
Myocardial infarctionMyocardial infarction
Creatine kinase (CK) activity in the blood after a myocardial infarction
Creatine kinase (CK) activity in the blood after a myocardial infarction
days after infarction
Clinical correlate - dwarfismClinical correlate - dwarfismgrowth hormone
A defect in the pituitary can lead to inadequate production of growth hormone. Children with this disease grow very slowly but injections of human growth hormone restore normal growth.
Aspirin - a clinically valuableAspirin - a clinically valuablesmall moleculesmall molecule
acetyl salicylate
acetyl group
Aspirin - a clinically valuableAspirin - a clinically valuablesmall moleculesmall molecule
prostaglandin synthase
inflammation
Aspirin - a clinically valuableAspirin - a clinically valuablesmall moleculesmall molecule
acetyl salicylate
+ enzyme - NH2
+ enzyme - NH - CO - CH3
salicylate
prostaglandin synthase
acetylated prostaglandin synthase
Aspirin - a clinically valuableAspirin - a clinically valuablesmall moleculesmall molecule
+ enzyme - NH - CO - CH3
acetylated prostaglandin synthase
inflammation
prostaglandin synthase
+ enzyme - NH2
Aspirin - a clinically valuableAspirin - a clinically valuablesmall moleculesmall molecule
acetyl salicylate
+ enzyme - NH2
+ enzyme - NH - CO - CH3
salicylate
prostaglandin synthase
acetylated prostaglandin synthase
inflammation
• methyl groups
• hydroxyl groups
• carbonyl groups
• carboxyl groups
• amino groups
Small molecules in the bodySmall molecules in the body
Common building blocks for small molecules:
Small molecules in the bodySmall molecules in the body
Common building blocks for small molecules:
methyl groups
hydroxyl groups
carbonyl groups
carboxyl groups
amino groups
-CH3
CH3-CH2-OH
ethanol
Small molecules in the bodySmall molecules in the body
Common building blocks for small molecules:
methyl groups
hydroxyl groups
carbonyl groups
carboxyl groups
amino groups
-OH
CH3-CH2-OH
ethanol
Small molecules in the bodySmall molecules in the body
Common building blocks for small molecules:
methyl groups
hydroxyl groups
carbonyl groups
carboxyl groups
amino groups
-C=OH
aldehyde
-C=O ketone
Small molecules in the bodySmall molecules in the body
Common building blocks for small molecules:
methyl groups
hydroxyl groups
carbonyl groups
carboxyl groups
amino groups
O
-C-OH
-C-O-
O
-COO-
NH3-CH2-COO-+
glycine
Small molecules in the bodySmall molecules in the body
Common building blocks for small molecules:
methyl groups
hydroxyl groups
carbonyl groups
carboxyl groups
amino groups
-NH+3
-NH2
NH3-CH2-COO-+
glycine
Small molecules in the bodySmall molecules in the body
Four classes of small molecules:
• sugars
• fatty acids
• amino acids
• nucleotides
Small molecules in the bodySmall molecules in the body
Four classes of small molecules:
sugars
fatty acids
amino acids
nucleotides
glucose
Small molecules in the bodySmall molecules in the body
Four classes of small molecules:
sugars
fatty acids
amino acids
nucleotidesstearic acid
A hydrocarbon chain with a distinct head group, in this case a carboxyl group.
Small molecules in the bodySmall molecules in the body
Four classes of small molecules:
sugars
fatty acids
amino acids
nucleotides
NH3-CH2-COO-+
glycine
Small molecules in the bodySmall molecules in the body
Four classes of small molecules:
sugars
fatty acids
amino acids
nucleotides
adenosine-5’-triphosphate
switch to MoBy
Biological MacromoleculesBiological Macromolecules
main chain
crosslink
branch
• Drugs - ethanol
• Dwarfism
• Myocardial infarction
• Aspirin
• Drugs - ethanol
• Dwarfism
• Myocardial infarction
• Aspirin
BCM 410A - lecture BCM 410A - lecture 11
The body works at the molecular level
Molecules are organized into cells
Cells are organized into organs
Small molecules in the body
Biological macromolecules