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TRANSCRIPT
Bloodborne Pathogens Awareness
Shawn Holle, Safety AnalystOccupational Safety & Health
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Training
Potential Occupational Exposures HIV, HBV, HCV, MRSA, GAS Exposure Prevention Hepatitis B Vaccination Post Exposure Follow-up Recordkeeping
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What Is a Bloodborne Pathogen?
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Exposure Risks on the Job?
What Do You Do?
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Exposure Risks on the Job?
Inking Cleanup Housekeeping Assault / Combative Clients First Aid CPR
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Where Are the Risks?
Needles Body Fluids Covered Surfaces Used PPE Towels
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Common Occupational Exposures
Needlesticks or Cuts 82% Contact With Non-intact Skin 03% Splashes to Mucous Membranes 14% Bites 01%
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Blood Body Fluids
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HIV: Occupational Transmission Risk
Needlestick 0.3%Mucous Membrane .09%Non-Intact Skin .09%
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Occupational Transmission Stats
HIV+ Health Care Workers 23,473 Documented Seroconversions 57Developed AIDS 26Possible Seroconversions 139
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Viral Hepatitis
Type A B C
Virus Source FecesBlood/ Blood
Derived Body Fluids
Blood/ Blood Derived Body Fluids
Transmission Route Fecal-Oral Percutaneous / Permucosal
Percutaneous / Permucosal
Incubation Period 2 to 6 Weeks 4 to 26 Weeks 6 to 7 Weeks
Chronic Infection No Yes Yes
Symptoms
Abrupt Onset Insidious Onset Abdominal Pain
Abdominal Pain Abdominal Pain Diarrhea
Nausea Loss of Appetite Jaundice
Fatigue Malaise Vomiting
Diarrhea Diarrhea
No SymptomsJaundice Jaundice
No Symptoms Vomiting
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Hepatitis A: Fecal-Oral Transmission
Contaminated Food Contaminated Water Close Personal Contact Blood Exposure (Rare)
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0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Y 99 Y 00 Y 01 Y 02 Y 03 Y 04 Y 05 Y 06
Hep A Infections CCSF
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Hepatitis B: Blood Transmission
1.25 Million Americans Chronically Infected HBV Survives at Room Temperature X 2 Weeks Needlestick Transmission Risk = 6% to 30% (UV) Declining Rates
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Y 99 Y 00 Y 01 Y 02 Y 03 Y 04 Y 05 Y 06
Hep B Infections In CCSF
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Hepatitis C: Blood to Blood Transmission
4 Million Americans Infected No Vaccine 80% NO Symptoms 75%- 85% Chronically Infected Carriers Main Reason for Liver Transplants
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Source: CDC Sentinel Counties Study of Acute Viral Hepatitis
Occupational4%
Unknown10%
Sexual15%
Injecting Drug Use60%
Other High Risk1%
Transfusions10%
Hepatitis C: Who Gets It?
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MRSA
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Resistant To Several Antibiotics (Methicillin & Other Penicillins) One Of The Most Common Causes Of Skin Infection Frequently Found On Skin Or In Noses Of Healthy People 25-30% Of The US Population Carry Some Type Of Staph On Their
Bodies But Are Not Ill Or Infected Often A Skin Infection:
Pimples Boils Rashes
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Colonization v Infection
Colonization: Bacteria Present But Not Causing Illness Infection: Present & Causing Illness People Colonized Or Infected Can Spread MRSA
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MRSA Transmission
Skin To Skin Contact Contaminated Surfaces Shared Items (Towels, Exercise
Equipment, Handcuffs, Shackles) Lesions
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Group A Streptococcal Disease (GAS)Necrotizing Fasciitis
Group A Streptococcus Exposure By Direct Contact with Mucous or
Opens Lesions of Infected Individuals 10,000 Cases Per Year (600 NF Cases)
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Protection On The Job?
Universal Precautions
Assume All Human Blood & Body Fluids Are Infectious
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Handwashing is Most Effective Way to Prevent Disease Transmission
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Work Practices
Reduce Risk by Changing Work Practices
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Engineering Controls
Isolate or Remove Hazard From Workplace
ToolsGlovesSharps ContainersBiohazard Bags
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No Cost Available Right Size Employer Responsible
Personal Protective EquipmentClothing or Equipment Worn That Keeps Blood From Clothing, Skin, Eyes, Mouth, or Mucous Membranes
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Administrative Controls
Written Procedures Training Clear Communication
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Housekeeping
Tasks Location Surfaces Contaminants
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HBV Vaccine
95% - 99% Effective Prevention of HBV Infection Mild Soreness & Redness at Injection Site Fever, Nausea, Rash, Fatigue, Joint Pain (Rare)
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Hazard Communication / Warning Labels
Regulated Waste Containers Disposal Containers Contaminated Laundry Slop Sinks
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Post Bloodborne Pathogens Exposure
First Aid ID Exposure Source Needlestick Hotline (415) 469-4411 Visit a Doctor