battle of the bulge dec. 1944-jan. 1945

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Battle of the Bulge Dec. Battle of the Bulge Dec. 1944-Jan. 1945 1944-Jan. 1945

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Battle of the Bulge Dec. 1944-Jan. 1945 . Yalta Conference February 1945. Held in the Soviet Union *present day Ukraine Discussed Post WWII goals: Divide Germany into 4 zones Allied occupied WEST Stalin/USSR the EAST - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Battle of the Bulge Dec. 1944-Jan. 1945

Battle of the Bulge Dec. 1944-Battle of the Bulge Dec. 1944-Jan. 1945 Jan. 1945

Page 2: Battle of the Bulge Dec. 1944-Jan. 1945

Yalta Conference February Yalta Conference February 19451945

Held in the Soviet Union *present day Held in the Soviet Union *present day Ukraine Ukraine

Discussed Post WWII goals:Discussed Post WWII goals:– Divide Germany into 4 zonesDivide Germany into 4 zones

Allied occupied WESTAllied occupied WESTStalin/USSR the EAST Stalin/USSR the EAST

– Stalin Stalin PROMISEDPROMISED to hold free to hold free elections Poland, and not enforce elections Poland, and not enforce CommunismCommunism

– Stalin would pledge help in war Stalin would pledge help in war against Japan in the Pacificagainst Japan in the Pacific

– Discussed creation of UNITED Discussed creation of UNITED NATIONS and a SECURITY COUNCIL NATIONS and a SECURITY COUNCIL

Page 3: Battle of the Bulge Dec. 1944-Jan. 1945

FDR DIES FDR DIES Thursday April 12, 1945Thursday April 12, 1945– Dies of a brain hemorrhage. Harry S. Truman Dies of a brain hemorrhage. Harry S. Truman

is sworn in as president is sworn in as president

Page 4: Battle of the Bulge Dec. 1944-Jan. 1945

Mussolini is executed in Milan - April Mussolini is executed in Milan - April 29, 1945, ordered by Communists 29, 1945, ordered by Communists

leaders in Italyleaders in Italy

Page 5: Battle of the Bulge Dec. 1944-Jan. 1945

Hitler commits suicide Hitler commits suicide To make sure what happened to Mussolini To make sure what happened to Mussolini didn’t happen to him, Hitler and his didn’t happen to him, Hitler and his mistress (newly married) commit suicide in mistress (newly married) commit suicide in his bunker on April 30, 1945his bunker on April 30, 1945

Page 6: Battle of the Bulge Dec. 1944-Jan. 1945

Nuremberg Trials Nuremberg Trials Trial for crimes against humanity Trial for crimes against humanity (Holocaust and genocide)(Holocaust and genocide)22 Nazi officials on trial 22 Nazi officials on trial – Condemned to either life in prison or Condemned to either life in prison or

executionexecution

Page 7: Battle of the Bulge Dec. 1944-Jan. 1945

May 8May 8thth 1945 V-E DAY! 1945 V-E DAY!

Page 8: Battle of the Bulge Dec. 1944-Jan. 1945

Potsdam Conference Berlin:

July, 1945y The United States has the Atomic Bomb

y Allies agree Germany is to be divided into occupation zones

y Poland given to the SovietsTensions GROW betweenUSSR and the USA P.M. Clement President

Joseph Atlee Truman Stalin

Page 9: Battle of the Bulge Dec. 1944-Jan. 1945

Atomic BombAtomic Bomb

Page 10: Battle of the Bulge Dec. 1944-Jan. 1945

Manhattan Project -Need for Manhattan Project -Need for Greater SpeedGreater Speed

Project for building the Atomic Bomb Project for building the Atomic Bomb 1942-1946 operations 1942-1946 operations Led by physicist Robert J. Oppenheimer Led by physicist Robert J. Oppenheimer Developed in part by Einstein Developed in part by Einstein

Page 11: Battle of the Bulge Dec. 1944-Jan. 1945

Fat Man – weighed 10,200 pounds Fat Man – weighed 10,200 pounds (over 5 tons) 10 feet long(over 5 tons) 10 feet long

Page 12: Battle of the Bulge Dec. 1944-Jan. 1945

Little Boy weighed 9,000 pounds- first Little Boy weighed 9,000 pounds- first bombed dropped, August 6, 1945 on bombed dropped, August 6, 1945 on

HiroshimaHiroshima

Page 13: Battle of the Bulge Dec. 1944-Jan. 1945

TESTING- “The Gadget” similar in size TESTING- “The Gadget” similar in size to Fat Man, tested in New Mexicoto Fat Man, tested in New Mexico

Page 14: Battle of the Bulge Dec. 1944-Jan. 1945
Page 15: Battle of the Bulge Dec. 1944-Jan. 1945

Debate about the use of the A-Debate about the use of the A-BombBomb

AgainstAgainst– Dwight D. Eisenhower Dwight D. Eisenhower

““I had been conscious of a feeling of depression and so I voiced my I had been conscious of a feeling of depression and so I voiced my grave misgivings, first on the basis of my belief that Japan was already grave misgivings, first on the basis of my belief that Japan was already defeated and that dropping the bomb was completely unnecessary, and defeated and that dropping the bomb was completely unnecessary, and second because I thought that our country should avoid shocking world second because I thought that our country should avoid shocking world opinion by the use of a weapon whose employment was, I thought, no opinion by the use of a weapon whose employment was, I thought, no longer mandatory as a measure to save American lives. It was my belief longer mandatory as a measure to save American lives. It was my belief that Japan was, at that very moment, seeking some way to surrender that Japan was, at that very moment, seeking some way to surrender with a minimum loss of 'face.' The Secretary was deeply perturbed by with a minimum loss of 'face.' The Secretary was deeply perturbed by my attitude, almost angrily refuting the reasons I gave for my quick my attitude, almost angrily refuting the reasons I gave for my quick conclusions." conclusions."

ForFor– Secretary of War Henry StimsonSecretary of War Henry Stimson

"But this deliberate, premeditated destruction was our least abhorrent "But this deliberate, premeditated destruction was our least abhorrent alternative. The destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki put an end to the alternative. The destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki put an end to the Japanese war. It stopped the fire raids, and the strangling blockade; it Japanese war. It stopped the fire raids, and the strangling blockade; it ended the ghastly specter of a clash of great land armies. In this last ended the ghastly specter of a clash of great land armies. In this last great action of the Second World War we were given final proof that war great action of the Second World War we were given final proof that war is death."is death."

Page 16: Battle of the Bulge Dec. 1944-Jan. 1945

More debate…More debate…FORFOR– US Secretary of State James Byrne 1945US Secretary of State James Byrne 1945

““Any weapon that would bring an end to the war and save a Any weapon that would bring an end to the war and save a million casualties among American boys was justified….”million casualties among American boys was justified….”

Use of the bomb according to Russian viewsUse of the bomb according to Russian views– ““The purpose of the bombings was to intimidate other The purpose of the bombings was to intimidate other

countries about all the Soviet Union. In other words, countries about all the Soviet Union. In other words, the US decision to use the atomic energy for military the US decision to use the atomic energy for military purposes was meant to produce a diplomatic and purposes was meant to produce a diplomatic and psychological impact, and this has since involved the psychological impact, and this has since involved the world in a nuclear arms race.”world in a nuclear arms race.”