Chapter 1-5 Notes

Basic Information – Social Studies

Geography

Physical and cultural features of the earth.

5 Themes of Geography – use to describe places and people

Location – position of place (absolute and relative)Place – characteristics that make place uniqueHuman-Environment Interaction – how people affect environmentMovement – why move from place to placeRegions – common characteristics (land, resources, population)

Time Terms

DecadeCenturyMillennium

Types of Inhabited Areas

Rural – Country Open land

Urban Cities

Urbanization? Movement of

people from country to cities

Why do people move to cities?

Culture

Learned system of shared beliefs and way of doing thingsGuides persons daily behaviorExamples religious practices and beliefs What are some other examples of

culture?

Population

Population Number of inhabitants living in an

area

Distribution of Water

What percentage of the earth’s surface is covered by ocean water? Answer : 70%

Earth’s Water Ocean Water – 97% Freshwater – 3%

Energy Resources

Fossil Fuels Name the 3 fossil fuels

Natural gas, coal, and petroleum (oil)

Where do fossil fuels come from? organic material subjected to lots of

pressure takes millions of years to develop

Renewable vs. Nonrenewable

Government Systems

Unlimited Government Total control over

citizens

Limited Government Held accountable

to citizens Constitutions /

Elections

Republic/Democracy

Communism Monarchy Dictatorship Anarchy

Draw chart in notes

Republic / Democracy Communism

• ruled by elected representatives•No one too powerful•People have power

Example : United States 3 branches of government - Executive (President) - Judicial (Supreme Court) - Legislative (Congress)

**Balance of Power-Why are we lucky to live in this type of government?

•government owns everything•everyone equal•each person works according to his or her abilities•job chosen by test

Monarchy Dictatorship Anarchy

•King or Queen•Power passes through bloodline or family•Rule could last from few years to centuries

•Absolute power•Brutal•Uses force to get wants•Uses fear to make people obey•No restrictions•Citizens lose rights so the leader holds the power (usually)

•No organized government•Government too involved in citizens’ lives (supporters think)•Too much control(supporters think)