basic slickline 1

Slickline Basics

Jack McMahan

Schlumberger MEA Quality Compliance Manger Slickline Operations

Copyright 2009, NExT, All rights reserved

Schlumberger MEA Quality Compliance Manger Slickline Operations

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Jack McMahan – 30 Years oilfield experience

Joined Oilfield in 1979 - Slickline Helper/Operator Texas USA

Slickline Specialist 1986- 1996 Texas / Egypt

Completion Specialist – 1996 – 2001 Egypt

Completion/Slickline Supv. 2001 – 2007 Dubai UAE


Completion/Slickline Supv. 2001 – 2007 Dubai UAE

Completion EIC 2007 – 2008 Vietnam

Completion FSM 2008 – 2010 Vietnam

MEA Quality Compliance Manger Slickline 2010

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Slickline Basics


• Introduction to Slickline

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Slickline Basics

• Introduction to Slickline


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Introduction to Slickline

1. Slickline - Mechanical

wireline(no conductor)

2. Method of conveying tools into

a wellbore under pressure

3. Operations conducted in


3. Operations conducted in

tubing ,cased hole or open

hole.

4. Performed during all phases of

a well’s life

5. Quick turn around operation >

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What is Slickline

1. Small diameter wire with sufficient

strength to accomplish the operation

without breaking – why small?

2. Minimize the load of its own weight


3. Minimizing the cross-sectional area

reduces the effect of wellhead pressure

4. Enables the use of smaller diameter

spools, reels and sheaves without

overstressing the material when

bending >

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What is Slickline

When selecting Slickline, several factors should be considered

1. Minimum breaking strain

2. Resistance to corrosion

3. Effects of bending

4. Environmental conditions, desert dust, seawater, temperature


4. Environmental conditions, desert dust, seawater, temperature

5. Well Pressure

a) Effecting the magnitude of force on the line diameter

b) Influencing the effects of H2S >

c) Stuffing box resistance and packing selection

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What is Slickline

1. Sizes range from 0.072” through to 0.160”

2. 0.135” available…… 0.188” has been tested……

3. Manufactured in drawing mills – normally 25,000ft in length

4. Different materials depending on well conditions


4. Different materials depending on well conditions

a) Alloy

b) IPS - Improved Plough Steel

c) Stainless Steel

5. No available with fibers optics and can transmit electronic pulses.

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How much weight?

1. To calculate the force to be overcome to enter the well use the following formula, remember this will give you the balance point, your weight needs to exceed this amount

2. Force = Pressure x Area Force – what we have to exceed using stem bar

3. Pressure – the Well Head Pressure Area – cross sectional area of the


3. Pressure – the Well Head Pressure Area – cross sectional area of the wireline being used (see below)

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How much weight

1. Easy calculations

a) Using 0.125 WireHow much weight bar is required to run in hole (RIH) with 5600 psi

surface pressure


b) Using .0108How much weight bar to RIH with 7900 psi surface pressure ?

a) F = 0.0123 x 5600 = 68.88 lbs

b) F = 0.0092 x 7900 = 72.68 lbs

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Slickline units

1. Conveyance method for

deploying and recovering tools

and devices from the well

2. Diesel or electric powered

3. Designed specific ( Offshore

units and truck mounted land


units and truck mounted land

units)

4. Location

a) Climate

b) Operation

c) Client/industry needs

d) New technologies >

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Unit controls – odometer countere/ weight indicator

1. Takes reading from

counterhead

2. Matched to counterhead

3. Reads pressure changes


3. Reads pressure changes

from the load cell

4. Needle movements

combined with the

odometer reading indicate

depth in well >

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Pressure control equipment - rig up components


• Pressure Control Equipment

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Pressure control equipment – rig up components

• Pressure Control Equipment


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1. Stuffing box

2. Lubricator

3. Wireline valve – “BOP’s”

4. Tree connections


4. Tree connections

5. Ancillary components

6. Additional WHE > Note: Available in 5K, 10K, 15K. and

20K packages. Standard and H2S trim.

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Stuffing box:

1. Means to seal pressure around


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1. Means to seal pressure aroundslickline while RIH

2. Supports sheave wheel to guide slickline through seals.


• Lubricators:

• Means to contain well pressure

while RIH with slickline tools.

• Means of containment for tool string

to allow opening and closing of the


to allow opening and closing of the

well.

• Allows tools change outs.

• Size and length determined by tool

size and tool string length.

• Standard length 8’ and 10’ sections

with quick unions.

• Bleed off port to depressurize PCE

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• BOPS- Blow Out Preventers:

• Well control module.

• Multi-rams variations:

• Single , Double, Triple and Quad rams.


• Single , Double, Triple and Quad rams.

• Standard , Multi-line, Braided line and Blind

rams.

• Can be closed on slickline during fishing

operations.

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Toolstring components

• Basic Slickline Toolstring


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• Basic SlicklineToolstring

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• Basic Toolstring Components:

• 1.Rope Socket – Means to connect slickline to toolstring

• 2.Stem or weight bar –

• a. Provides force for toolstring to overcome well pressure so slickline


• a. Provides force for toolstring to overcome well pressure so slickline

can be run in the well.

• b. Provides the mass or weight for jarring operations.

Mass X Speed = Force or Impact. Main Principal

• Knuckle joints – Place in toolstring so assemble is not rigid.

• Jars – Key to slickline operations. Provides the energy up or down to

conduct slickline operations.

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1. Combination of different components

2. Selection due to well conditions and limitations

3. Selection due to type of operation to be performed



performed

4. Weight needed to overcome well pressure

5. Mass to deliver the impacts when jarring – either to shear pins off to free a device >

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Rope Socket

Stem or Weight Bar


Stem or Weight Bar

Knuckle Joint

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• Span Jars Tubular Jars Hydraulic Jars Spring Jars


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Toolstring guidelines

1. Largest diameter on toolstring must be below mechanical jars.

Rule Number 1

2. Hydraulic and Spring jars are run in conjunction with mechanical

jars.(not to be run alone)

3. Jarring up is more effective than jarring down. Dev/Friction


3. Jarring up is more effective than jarring down. Dev/Friction

4. Adding more stem will increase force when jarring down and jarring

up in most cases.

5. Can enhance jarring up with use of Hyd. or Spring Jars.

6. All lengths, Outside Diameters, Fishing necks, Reaches, internal

dimensions, tool strokes, etc must be noted >

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Tally book contents

1. WELL NUMBER

2. WIRE TEST

3. TOOLSTRINGa) Descriptionb) LENGTHSc) DIMENTIONS

9. DEPTH

10. Time at depth (TAD)

11. TIME COMMENCE JARRING

12. TIME pull out of hole (POOH)

13. PUW


c) DIMENTIONSd) FISHING NECK SIZES

e) MANIPULATING DEVICE RIH

4. RIG UP TIME

5. TOOLS IN LUB TIME

6. TIME run in hole (RIH)

7. Pick up weight (PUW)

8. Hanging weight (HW)

13. PUW

14. HW

15. TIME OOH

16. SCSSSV SERIAL NUMBER

17. GLV SERIAL NUMBER

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Basic Service Tools

• Basic Slickline Service Tools



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Basic Service Tools



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What are basic service tools

Gauge Cutters, Drifts ,TEL,LIB,Wire

Scratcher, and Bailer

• Used in the planning of a job.

• Check I.D. of tubing.

• Clean or take sample.


• Clean or take sample.

• Installed below the Mechanical Jars.

• Must have the largest O.D. on the

toolstring.

• Caution should be taken >

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Basic service and remedial tools


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Fishing Necks

1. Internal and external available

2. External either Camco or Otis

3. 90° or 15° under-cut

4. Fishing size measured at ‘A’



5. Manufacturer’ tool should match

fishing neck angle

6. FN data must be recorded >

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Fishing necks

1. Internal and external available

2. External either Camco or Otis

3. 90° or 15° under-cut




5. Manufacturer’ tool should match

fishing neck angle

6. FN data must be recorded >

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1. Used to recover devices from the the wellbore

2. Can be used to set devices e.g. equalizing prongs, standing

valves

3. Can be released from device if retrieval is difficult

Pulling tool applications


4. Pulling tool O.D. must be considered when selecting

toolstring size

5. Shear pin condition can give downhole indication

6. Can be run minus dogs to ensure clear fishing neck >

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Camco JD and JU series pulling tools

1. JD –Jar down to shear.

2. JU – Jar up to shear.

3. Use to fish tools with


3. Use to fish tools with

external fishing neck

4. Shear pin size, type and

direction.

5. Available from 2” to 4”

size.

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Otis GS/GR pulling/running tools

1. Shear up or down

2. Adapter to change shear direction

3. Use to fish internal fishing necks


3. Use to fish internal fishing necks

4. Shear pin selection. Size and

type.

5. Available from 2” to 7” size.

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Heavy duty pulling tools

1. Greater forces created when using

Hydraulic and spring jars.

2. Tools destroyed – Fishing neck


2. Tools destroyed – Fishing neck

damaged.

3. Dogs / 360 degree contact area

4. Release direction up or down.

5. Heavily constructed body >

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Top-bottom nogo and selective landing nipples


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Lock development

� What is a Lock?1. Device that grips the well bore

2. Utilizes slips, dogs or keys

3. Can anchor plugs, safety valves, separation tools and other flow control

Slip Locks

Collar Locks


3. Can anchor plugs, safety valves, separation tools and other flow control devices

4. Has a means to seal around its OD to retain pressure

5. There are three main types of lock mandrels

Collar Locks

Nipple Locks >

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Equalizing Assemblies – Prong Type

1. Plug body is run and set then

prong is run and set inside

body

2. Most prongs have external

fishing although some have


fishing although some have

junk baskets

3. Two runs to set and two runs

to pull

4. Ports are central in housing

5. Length of prong allows for

some fill >

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Equalizing Assemblies – Melon Type

1. One run to set or pull plug

2. Equalizing and running prongs

required

3. Ports near top of housing

4. Debris will prevent equalizing


4. Debris will prevent equalizing

prong off-seating melon

5. Port size can vary depending

on bypass required >

6. Lower pressure rating.

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Standing Valve Applications / benefits

1. Testing tubing integrity

2. Setting Production packer

3. Check valve for downhole pumps

4. To protect lower zone during stimulation


4. To protect lower zone during stimulation

5. Cannot be blown up hole

6. One run to set or pull

7. During pressure tests, Slickline can stay attached >

8. Only holds pressure from above.

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Lock mandrels – summary


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SSD applications

SSD – Sliding Sleeve Door : Tubing mounted device that

provides communication between tubing and casing.

1. Displacing annulus and tubing fluid after completion

2. Selective production, testing or treating of various zones

3. Production of multiple zones


3. Production of multiple zones

4. Circulation to kill a well or introduce corrosion inhibitors

5. Positioning co-mingling chokes in dual zone flow

6. Gas lifting

7. Shifting tools use to open and close.

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Side pocket mandrels or Gaslift mandrels

• Kickover tool

• Used to pull gaslift



• valves

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Side pocket mandrels or Gaslift Mandrels

• Kickover tool




• valves

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Fishing Basics/ Failure Scenarios

• Fishing Operations/Failure Scenarios


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Fishing Overview – scenarios

1. Fishing operations by definition are non routine operations that

require careful planning and execution to protect the well and avoid

costly workover operations.

2. The cost of a workover will of course include any loss of production

associated with that well.


associated with that well.

3. From this prospective a relatively low cost slickline operation can

quickly be transformed into a very costly operation where the stakes

are high.

4. The objective of Slickline is to complete a set program as safely and

efficiently as possible without getting the tools stuck or breaking the

wire.

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1. There are five general descriptions for fishing operations

a) Equipment – non slickline – lost in the well.

b) Flow control device cannot be removed from the well

using standard practices.


using standard practices.

c) Lost jar action – the ability to produce impact to release

the toolstring.

d) Broken wire.

e) Tools blown up hole by pressure.

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a. Equipment – non slickline – lost in the well.

• E-line tools lost in hole – Serious problem as several e-line

tools have radioactive sources.

• E-line wireline.


• E-line wireline.

• Coil tubing/ CT tools.

• Debris – Rubber, sand, scale etc.

• Metal debris from tool failures.

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b. Flow control device cannot be removed from the well using

standard practices.

• Plugs stuck in nipples.

• Large bore tools – 7” tools


• Large bore tools – 7” tools

• Retrievable SCSSSVs

• Bottom hole chokes

• Gaslift Valves.

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c. Lost jar action – the ability to produce impact to release the

toolstring.

• Tool string stuck due to jars fouled by rubber or debris

• Sand covering jars.


• Sand covering jars.

• Asphaltines – sticking jars

• Slickline wire fouling jars.

• Deviations or dog legs

• Parted tubing

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d. Broken wire

• Wire Fatigue – Working slickline wire in one spot for too long cause

wire to fatigue at stuffing box sheave wheels and counter head.

• Kinked wire – poorly spooled wire or kinked when rigging up or down


• Wire jump sheave.- Wire jump sheave during jarring operations.

• Corrosive environment – H2S and CO2 will weaken wire by causing

brittleness, pitting etc.

• Human error – Closing valves while slickline in well.

• Wire parted when tools blown up hole from pressure.

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e. Tools blown up hole by pressure.

• Plugs unlocked before pressure from below has equalized.

Plugged ports in equalizer. Attempting to pull plug too soon

before had time for pressure to equalize.


before had time for pressure to equalize.

• Retrievable SCSSSVs – flapper shut and pressure built up

from below.

• Opening SSDs – Annulus pressure greater than tubing

pressure.

• Human error -Mistakes made while slickline in well.

Someone open flow line.53

Braided Line Operations

• PCE :• 1. Stuffing box is replaced with a grease injection system.

• 2. BOP – Triple or quad ram required. One set of rams is

inverted to allow grease to be injected through a injection


inverted to allow grease to be injected through a injection

port to assure good seal around the braided cable when

rams are closed.

• 3.BOP – can have a set of blind rams so braided line can be

cut in worst case scenario.

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Braided Line Operations

• Operations:

• 1. Sizes : 3/16” , 7/32 and ¼”. Available in different types of material.

• 2. Used to convey or retrieve very heavy tools in the well.


• 2. Used to convey or retrieve very heavy tools in the well.

• 3. Fishing operations: Note – requires hydraulic or spring jars.

• a. Stuck tools : plugs, retrievable safety valve, electric or coil tubing

tools lost in well, etc.

• b. Wire fishing operations.

• c. High deviations or severe dog leg wells.

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Braide Line Operations

• 4. More difficult to work with high well pressures. With the

new technology of bigger slickline wire .125”, 1.40”,.150”,

and .160” can be substituted for braided line. Advantages:

Risk reduction, no special PCE equipment required, and


faster turn around time.

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New Technologies

• Slickline New Technology


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eFire Technology

Computer controlled firing head run on

Slickline

An alternative to running traditional e-line

services such as

� Perforating guns


� Perforating guns

� Plugs and packers

� Chemical cutters

� Dump bailers

� Tubing puncher

� Downhole samplers >

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OpticLine*

Fiber-Optic Thermal Profile Technology

Situation

� Many wells were completed before distributed temperature sensing (DTS) systems were

commercially available

� Permanent DTS installation would be economically unviable for most of those wells.

OpticLine*


OpticLine*

� A whole new line of investigation

� Slickline-type intervention

� Low-risk and cost efficient method of investigation for diagnostic or well maintenance

operations

� Thermally profile the entire wellbore simultaneously

� Investigate thermal events on demand TS installation would be economically unviable for most

of those wells

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Slickline Service Companies

• Schlumberger- Worlds largest. Provides both

products and services.

• Halliburton - Products and service

– Products and services


• Weatherford – Products and services

• Baker - Products

• ExPro – Services

• Geo Services – Products and services

• Local Companies

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