SPL 1002 WOOD TECHNOLOGY

PRESENTATION TITLE

BASIC SAFETY

CONTENTS

• Introduction

• Accident Causes

• Accident Prevention

• Emergency Care ( First Aid )

• Fire Extinguisher

INTRODUCTION

Definition of Safety

“a condition or state of being resulting from the modification of human behavior and/or designing of the physical environment to reduce the possibility of hazards, thereby reducing accidents” .

Concept of Safety

Safety makes it possible to person to live and contribute to the positive fulfillment of experience so that man must integrate safety into his human behavior and used it to survive and progress .

INTRODUCTION

Safety Philosophy

“A particular system of beliefs, values and principles” - Cambridge Advanced Dictionary

- Safety is a balancing act between accomplishment of something versus losing the capability to do something in the process

INTRODUCTION

Safety Objectives

i. Develop awareness of the scope and nature of the accident problem

ii. Develop method of accident prevention

iii. Develop safe attitudes which will promote accident prevention

Classification of Safety

i. Protect everybody including other persons and our self ,equipments and machine

ii. Emergency Care

iii. Fire Extinguisher User Guide

ACCIDENT PROBLEM

Definition of Accident “that occurrence in a sequence of events which usuallyproduces unintended injury , death or propertydamage” . It is usually an unwanted , unplanned and undesirable occurrence .

Accident occur wherever there is human activity . Throughout the world accidents cause million of deaths each year , notincluding the exact number of critical injuries and death .

ACCIDENT PROBLEM

Accidents can cost the nation great losses including wage loss , medical fees , insurance claims , property damage and the money value of time lost by individuals who are either directly or indirectly involved in accidents.

Today the aspect of experiences that found unsafe are referred to as hazards but many people find it difficult to determine the hazard and some choose to ignore them.

ACCIDENT CAUSES

• Three Main Factor of Accidents Causes

1. Physical - workplace environment , equipment , machine

2. Human

- carelessness , knowledge , discipline , health

3. Management - law enforcement , safety instruction

• Two Categories of Fundamental Accident Causes

1. Unsafe Behavior / Human Failure

- attitudes , physical limitation , habits , skill ,

knowledge

2. Unsafe Environment

- equipment and machines , disorganized

environment

ACCIDENT CAUSES

WAYS TO PREVENT ACCIDENTS

• Safety First

• “safety is everybody’s job” .

• “Prevention better than cure”.

• Take Care of Yourselves

• Safe Workplace

• Look After Tools and Equipments

•

SAFETY GUIDELINES

• Develop a safe attitude• Stay alert; be aware of your surroundings• Take the time to do the job right• Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for proper use and care of woodworking tools and machines• Keep woodworking tools and machines in good working

order• Keep your work area clean and neat• Anticipate problems before they occur and do something

to prevent them• Dress for the job• Follow the rules

EMERGENCY CARE

• The first-aid knowledge required to protect the injured in the foregoing situation is not great.

• However the action taken must be prompt and accurate.

• First aid is the provision of initial care for an illness or injury.

• It is usually performed by a lay person to a sick or injured patient until definitive medical treatment can be accessed. Certain self-limiting illnesses or minor injuries may not require further medical care past the first aid intervention.

• It generally consists of a series of simple and, in some cases, potentially life-saving techniques that an individual can be trained to perform with minimal equipment.

The key aims of first aid can be summarised in three key points

• Preserve life - the overriding aim of all medical care, including first aid, is to save lives

• Prevent further harm - also sometimes called preventing the condition worsening, this covers both external factors, such as moving a patient away from a cause of harm, and applying first aid techniques to prevent worsening of the condition, such as applying pressure to stop a bleed becoming dangerous.

• Promote recovery - first aid also involves trying to start the recovery process from the illness or injury, and in some cases might involve completing a treatment, such as in the case of applying a plaster to a small wound.

First aid training often also incorporates the prevention of initial injury and responder safety, as well as the treatment phases.

First-Aid Kit

HURRY CASES

• Breathing Stoppage

• Hemorrhage ( severe bleeding )

• Poisoning ( internal poisoning )

• Burns

• Shock

• Symptoms

Breaths become shorter and faster Headache may occurMemory become fuzzy

BREATHING DIFFICULTY

Holger Nielsen Technique

• a form of artificial respiration where the person was laid on their front, with their head to the side, and a process of lifting their arms and pressing on their back was utilized.

Heimlich Maneuver

1. To execute the maneuver ;Make a fist , with the thumb “sticking out”Place the thumb above the victim’s naval, but below the sternum.Hold the fist tight with the other hand .Make quick, strong in-ward and up-ward thrusts .Use only your forearms and hands to apply pressure .Repeat until the object is dislodged .

Broken Bones

Signs & Symptoms

• Symptoms of broken bones are pain, swelling, bruising, and loss of function or feeling. The injured area looks crooked, misshaped, or deformed. Below the injured site, numbness and tingling can occur. The skin can be pale, blue, purple, or gray. It feels colder than the skin on the uninjured limb.

Causes

• Injuries from falls and accidents. • Osteoporosis. • Too much or repeated stress on a bone.

Treatment

• The bone may need to be reset. A splint or cast may need to be worn. {Note: Broken fingers, toes, and ribs don't need a cast.} Muscles and joints near the fracture site need to be exercised.

FIRE EXTINGUISHER

Which kind of extinguisher should be used?

• The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) classifies fires into five general categories (U.S.):

• Class A fires are ordinary materials like burning paper, lumber, cardboard, plastics etc.

• Class B fires involve flammable or combustible liquids such as gasoline, kerosene, and common organic solvents used in the laboratory.

• Class C fires involve energized electrical equipment, such as appliances, switches, panel boxes, power tools, hot plates and stirrers. Water can be a dangerous extinguishing medium for class C fires because of the risk of electrical shock unless a specialized water mist extinguisher is used.

• Class D fires involve combustible metals, such as magnesium, titanium, potassium and sodium as well as pyrophoric organometallic reagents such as alkyllithiums, Grignards and diethylzinc. These materials burn at high temperatures and will react violently with water, air, and/or other chemicals. Handle with care!!

• Class K fires are kitchen fires. This class was added to the NFPA portable extinguishers Standard 10 in 1998. Kitchen extinguishers installed before June 30, 1998 are "grandfathered" into the standard.

Which kind of extinguisher should be used? ( cont. )

• Water extinguishers are suitable for class A (paper, wood etc.) fires, but not for class B, C and D fires such as burning liquids, electrical fires or reactive metal fires. In these cases, the flames will be spread or the hazard made greater! Water mist extinguishers are suitable for class A and C; see below.

• Dry chemical extinguishers are useful for either class ABC or class BC fires (check the label) and are your best all around choice for common fire situations. They have an advantage over CO2 and "clean agent" extinguishers in that they leave a blanket of non-flammable material on the extinguished material which reduces the likelihood of reignition. They also make a terrible mess - but if the choice is a fire or a mess, take the mess! Note that there are two kinds of dry chemical extinguishers:

• Type BC fire extinguishers contain sodium or potassium bicarbonate.

• Type ABC fire extinguishers contain ammonium phosphate.

How to Use Fire Extinguisher • Just remember simple phrase of “P.A.S.S”

1. Pull the pin. This will allow you to discharge the extinguisher

2. Aim at the base of the fire. If you aim at the flames (which is frequently the temptation), the extinguishing agent will fly right through and do no good. You want to hit the fuel.

3. Squeeze the top handle or lever. This depresses the button that releases the pressurized extinguishing agent in the extinguisher.

4. Sweep from side to side until the fire is completely out. Start using the extinguisher from a safe distance away, then move forward. Once the fire is out, keep an eye

1. Pull the pin 2. Aim at the base of the fire

3. Squeeze the top handle or lever4. Sweep from side to side

CONCLUSION