Basic Elements of Poetry Basic Elements of Poetry

FlashcardsFlashcards Acrostic poemAcrostic poem AlliterationAlliteration AllusionAllusion AsideAside Blank VerseBlank Verse Comic reliefComic relief CoupletCouplet DialogueDialogue Dramatic IronyDramatic Irony End RhymeEnd Rhyme Closed FormClosed Form Open FormOpen Form Free VerseFree Verse HaikuHaiku Iambic pentameterIambic pentameter ImageryImagery Internal RhymeInternal Rhyme MetaphorMetaphor OnomatopoeiaOnomatopoeia PersonificationPersonification Poetic footPoetic foot

PunPun Rhyme SchemeRhyme Scheme RhymeRhyme Shakespearean SonnetShakespearean Sonnet SimileSimile SoliloquySoliloquy SpeakerSpeaker TercetTercet Tragic FlawTragic Flaw

Jiram.pbworks.comJiram.pbworks.com 99thth grade comp/lit grade comp/lit CalendarCalendar 1/6 Basic 1/6 Basic

Elements of Elements of Poetry`Poetry`

PoetryPoetry

a patterned expression of ideas in a patterned expression of ideas in imaginative terms, usually (but not imaginative terms, usually (but not necessarily) containing rhyme and a necessarily) containing rhyme and a specific meter.specific meter.

FormForm

Closed Closed

Open Open

FormForm

Closed: allows the poet to establish a Closed: allows the poet to establish a pattern that will help him or her pattern that will help him or her create the desired meaning or sound. create the desired meaning or sound.

Open: allows the poet to write freely Open: allows the poet to write freely without worrying about trying to without worrying about trying to make the words fit a specific meter make the words fit a specific meter or rhyme scheme. or rhyme scheme.

Who is the speaker?Who is the speaker?

the voice telling the poem; a poem the voice telling the poem; a poem may have more than one speaker; may have more than one speaker; the speaker and the poet are not the speaker and the poet are not necessarily the same necessarily the same

RhymeRhyme

the similarity or likeness of sound the similarity or likeness of sound existing between two words; the existing between two words; the repetition of sounds that are similar repetition of sounds that are similar or identical; expresses strong or identical; expresses strong feelings and enhances the meaning feelings and enhances the meaning and impact of poetryand impact of poetry

rhyme schemerhyme scheme:  the pattern of :  the pattern of rhymes formed by the end rhyme in rhymes formed by the end rhyme in a poem; first sound is a poem; first sound is aa, second , second sound is sound is bb, third sound is , third sound is cc, etc. , etc.

RhythmRhythm

the regular pattern of stressed and the regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables (beats) we hear unstressed syllables (beats) we hear in poetry; in poetry; stressstress is simply the greater is simply the greater amount of emphasis we give to a amount of emphasis we give to a syllable in speaking; stressed syllable syllable in speaking; stressed syllable is accented (long); unstressed is accented (long); unstressed syllable is unaccented (short)syllable is unaccented (short)

MeterMeter

the pattern of rhythm in a line of the pattern of rhythm in a line of poetry; from the Greek word poetry; from the Greek word meaning "measure"; the type of meaning "measure"; the type of meter depends upon the placement meter depends upon the placement of stress within each poetical foot of stress within each poetical foot (see chart below) (see chart below)

Poetical FootPoetical Foot

Unit used to measure rhythmUnit used to measure rhythmMonometer=1 foot (2 syllables)Monometer=1 foot (2 syllables)Dimeter= 2 feet (4 syllables)Dimeter= 2 feet (4 syllables)Trimeter= 3 feet (6 syllables)Trimeter= 3 feet (6 syllables)Tetrameter= 4 feet (8 syllables)Tetrameter= 4 feet (8 syllables)Pentameter= 5 feet (10 syllables)Pentameter= 5 feet (10 syllables)

Verse FormsVerse Forms

Rhymed VerseRhymed Verse:  contains :  contains end rhyme end rhyme andand usually has a regular meter and rhyme usually has a regular meter and rhyme scheme; scheme; rhyming coupletsrhyming couplets means that every means that every two lines rhyme; an example of "two lines rhyme; an example of "closed form""

  Blank VerseBlank Verse:  contains a :  contains a fixed rhythm and fixed rhythm and regular line length BUT no rhyme.regular line length BUT no rhyme.

Free VerseFree Verse:  poetry free of traditional metrical :  poetry free of traditional metrical and stanzaic patterns; and stanzaic patterns; no fixed rhythm or no fixed rhythm or rhyme schemerhyme scheme; ; uses everyday (uses everyday (colloquial) ) language, natural speech rhythms, and language, natural speech rhythms, and differing line lengthsdiffering line lengths; key feature is its ; key feature is its departure from traditional meters; an example departure from traditional meters; an example of "of "open form“.“.

DialogueDialogue

Communication between charactersCommunication between characters

Dramatic IronyDramatic Irony

When the reader/audience knows When the reader/audience knows more than the charactersmore than the characters

Like in a scary movie… you know the Like in a scary movie… you know the monster is in the closet so you tell monster is in the closet so you tell the main character not to open the the main character not to open the closet!closet!

Types of poemsTypes of poems

BalladBalladTercetsTercetsCoupletsCoupletsSonnetSonnetAcrosticAcrosticHaikuHaiku

BalladBallad

A group of 4 lines is a STANZA.A group of 4 lines is a STANZA.The ballad has a rhyme at the end of The ballad has a rhyme at the end of

line number 2 and line number 4.line number 2 and line number 4.A-B-C-BA-B-C-B

TercetTercet

Tercets have 3 lines.Tercets have 3 lines.

CoupletsCouplets

Couplets have 2 lines that rhyme.Couplets have 2 lines that rhyme.

SonnetSonnet

Sonnets are composed of 14 lines.Sonnets are composed of 14 lines.Always ends with a couplet.Always ends with a couplet.Rhyme scheme:Rhyme scheme:

ABAB CDCD EFEF GG ABAB CDCD EFEF GG

Sonnet ExampleSonnet Example

One of the hardest things is poetry, One of the hardest things is poetry, Reading, thinking, finding what words mean, Reading, thinking, finding what words mean, I bet you're wondering how this could be, I bet you're wondering how this could be, Never easy to find the hidden theme. Never easy to find the hidden theme. Please spare me all the meter, rhyme, and spondee, Please spare me all the meter, rhyme, and spondee, I can't believe I had to take this class, I can't believe I had to take this class, I do despise it - means nothing to me, I do despise it - means nothing to me, Sometimes I feel like such a striped bass. Sometimes I feel like such a striped bass. As much as I can try so hard to see, As much as I can try so hard to see, I have to say that poetry is tough, I have to say that poetry is tough, To comprehend it takes an eternity, To comprehend it takes an eternity, To understand the rules is not enough. To understand the rules is not enough.

To learn about this thing called poetry, To learn about this thing called poetry, I wish that someone could do it for me. I wish that someone could do it for me.

Acrostic PoemAcrostic Poem

FF RR II EE NN DD SS

When you use each letter in a word or name to When you use each letter in a word or name to describe it.describe it.

HaikuHaiku

A Japanese poem composed of three A Japanese poem composed of three lines.lines.

Each line has a different amount of Each line has a different amount of syllables. 5-7-5syllables. 5-7-5

They are usually about nature.They are usually about nature.

Who used iambic Who used iambic pentameter?pentameter?

Chaucer, Milton and Shakespeare Chaucer, Milton and Shakespeare were all famous for the use of iambic were all famous for the use of iambic pentameter in their writing. pentameter in their writing.

What is iambic pentameter?What is iambic pentameter?

Penta= 5Penta= 5Meter= measureMeter= measure Iamb=2 syllables Iamb=2 syllables Iambic refers to an unstressed Iambic refers to an unstressed

syllable followed by a stressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable.syllable.

Three quatrains and a couplet.Three quatrains and a couplet.14 lines14 linesEach line has 10 syllablesEach line has 10 syllables

ExampleExample

Shall –Shall – I – I – com-com-PARE – PARE – thee –thee – TO – TO – a –a – SUM- SUM-mer’smer’s DAY?DAY?

AsideAside

A speech directed to the audience A speech directed to the audience that is not heard by the other that is not heard by the other characters on stage.characters on stage.

Comic ReliefComic Relief

A funny scene used to break the A funny scene used to break the tension, in a serious plottension, in a serious plot

ImageryImagery

When the author adds details so that When the author adds details so that the words can create an image in the the words can create an image in the reader’s mind.reader’s mind.

Example: The boy’s tears ran down Example: The boy’s tears ran down his face. His salty tears stained his his face. His salty tears stained his paper and made everyone turn their paper and made everyone turn their heads to look at him. heads to look at him.

Metaphors & SimilesMetaphors & Similes

Metaphor: NOT using like or as to Metaphor: NOT using like or as to compare TWO unlike objectscompare TWO unlike objectsEx: She is my sunshine after the rain.Ex: She is my sunshine after the rain.

Simile: Using like or as to compare Simile: Using like or as to compare TWO unlike objectsTWO unlike objectsEx: He is LIKE the sunshine after the Ex: He is LIKE the sunshine after the

rain. rain.

OnomatopoeiaOnomatopoeia

Words that sound like what they Words that sound like what they meanmean

Ex: Ring, ring! Drop, drop… Boom!Ex: Ring, ring! Drop, drop… Boom!

PersonificationPersonification

When human qualities are given to When human qualities are given to objects or conceptsobjects or concepts

Ex: The moon kept hiding behind the Ex: The moon kept hiding behind the clouds.clouds.

Ex: Life keeps hitting me in the face!Ex: Life keeps hitting me in the face!Ex: The computer hates me!Ex: The computer hates me!

PunPun

A play on words because a word has A play on words because a word has more thank one meaning or SOUNDS more thank one meaning or SOUNDS like another wordlike another word

Ex: Math teachers have many Ex: Math teachers have many problems!problems!

Shakespearean SonnetShakespearean Sonnet

A poem that has 14 linesA poem that has 14 linesWritten in iambic pentameterWritten in iambic pentameterHas 3 quatrainsHas 3 quatrainsEnds in a coupletEnds in a couplet

SoliloquySoliloquy

When the character is alone on stage When the character is alone on stage and says his/her thoughts aloudand says his/her thoughts aloud

Ex: Romeo expressing his love for Juliet.Ex: Romeo expressing his love for Juliet.

Tragic flawTragic flaw

When the hero makes a HUGE When the hero makes a HUGE mistake causing him/her to fail or diemistake causing him/her to fail or die