baroque unit - higher

7/25/2019 Baroque Unit - Higher

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St. Kentigern’s AcademySt. Kentigern’s AcademyHigher ListeningHigher Listening

Baroque PeriodBaroque Period

1600-1701600-170



!ou "i## come across the $o##o"ing conce%ts!ou "i## come across the $o##o"ing conce%tsthrough your study o$ the Baroque Period&through your study o$ the Baroque Period&

'ratorio()antata'ratorio()antata *ecitati+e, Aria, a ca%o*ecitati+e, Aria, a ca%o

Aria, )horusAria, )horus

PassionPassion'%era'%era )hora#e)hora#e )hora#e Pre#ude)hora#e Pre#ude )oncerto rosso)oncerto rosso

)oncertino)oncertino *i%ieno*i%ieno

/ugue, %osition, Su23ect,/ugue, %osition, Su23ect,4ona# ans"er, *ea# ans"er,4ona# ans"er, *ea# ans"er,)ounter Su23ect, Stretto,)ounter Su23ect, Stretto,%isode.%isode.

'+erture'+ertureSuiteSuite'rnaments, 4ri##,'rnaments, 4ri##,

Acciaccatura, A%%oggiatura,Acciaccatura, A%%oggiatura,4urn, 5ordent4urn, 5ordent

Basso )ontinuoBasso )ontinuoround Bass, )haconne,round Bass, )haconne,

Passacag#iaPassacag#ia *itorne##o*itorne##o



/amous )om%osers/amous )om%osers

.S. Bach - erman.S. Bach - erman

./. Hande# 8 erman./. Hande# 8 erman

H. Purce## - ng#ishH. Purce## - ng#ish



5usic /or 'rchestra5usic /or 'rchestra

'rchestra ta9es sha%e during Baroque %eriod.'rchestra ta9es sha%e during Baroque %eriod.

:io#in $ami#y re%#aces +io#s.:io#in $ami#y re%#aces +io#s.

/irm 2asis o$ strings to "hich com%osers added/irm 2asis o$ strings to "hich com%osers addedother instruments ;"ood"ind < 2rass=.other instruments ;"ood"ind < 2rass=.

$$ects o$ contrast 8 dynamics and tim2res.$$ects o$ contrast 8 dynamics and tim2res.Bright sounds ;o2oes(trum%ets= against stringsBright sounds ;o2oes(trum%ets= against stringsand continuo.and continuo.



>e" structures and ty%es o$>e" structures and ty%es o$

music introduced 2y Baroquemusic introduced 2y Baroquecom%osers inc#ude&com%osers inc#ude& '%era'%era

'ratorio(cantata'ratorio(cantata

*ecitati+e(aria*ecitati+e(aria SuiteSuite

'+erture'+erture

)oncerto rosso(so#o concerto)oncerto rosso(so#o concerto *itorne##o $orm*itorne##o $orm

/ugue/ugue



Pachelbel - Canon in D m

Basso )ontinuoBasso )ontinuo

Sometimes re$erred to as continuo.Sometimes re$erred to as continuo.

?n the Baroque %eriod, the continuo %art?n the Baroque %eriod, the continuo %art

consisted o$ a 2ass #ine ;2asso continuo=consisted o$ a 2ass #ine ;2asso continuo=%#ayed 2y ce##o, 2ass, +io#a de gam2a or%#ayed 2y ce##o, 2ass, +io#a de gam2a or2assoon.2assoon.

?n addition the har%sichord, organ or?n addition the har%sichord, organ or#ute %#ayer "as e%ected to $i## in the#ute %#ayer "as e%ected to $i## in theharmonies 2ui#t on that 2ass #ine.harmonies 2ui#t on that 2ass #ine.



Pache#2e#’s )anonPache#2e#’s )anon

round Bassround Bass

Po#y%honicPo#y%honic

4ri##s4ri##s

SequencesSequences

Sus%ensionsSus%ensions

@(@@(@

5a3or5a3or



Handel's Messiah

'ratorio'ratorio

sua##y a story $rom the Bi2#e set tosua##y a story $rom the Bi2#e set tomusic.music.

/or so#oists, chorus, and orchestra./or so#oists, chorus, and orchestra.?nc#udes recitati+es, arias, duets and?nc#udes recitati+es, arias, duets and

chorus.chorus.

Per$ormed "ithout acting or stagePer$ormed "ithout acting or stagedesign.design.



/rom Hande#’s 5essiah/rom Hande#’s 5essiah

Recitative – He that dwelleth in HeavenRecitative – He that dwelleth in Heaven4enor +oice, 2asso continuo, %er$ect cadence.4enor +oice, 2asso continuo, %er$ect cadence.

Aria – Thou shalt break themAria – Thou shalt break them 4enor +oice, minor 9ey, tri##s, me#ismatic "ord4enor +oice, minor 9ey, tri##s, me#ismatic "ord

setting, sequence.setting, sequence.

Chorus – Hallelujia!Chorus – Hallelujia!SA4B chorus, homo%honic teture, %o#y%honicSA4B chorus, homo%honic teture, %o#y%honic

teture, imitation, sy##a2ic "ord setting, tim%ani ro##.teture, imitation, sy##a2ic "ord setting, tim%ani ro##.



WW CD1 No.11 ach !t. Ma

'

)antata)antataA sma## sca#e oratorio $or so#oist, chorus andA sma## sca#e oratorio $or so#oist, chorus and

orchestra.orchestra.

PassionPassionA ty%e o$ 'ratorio dea#ing "ith the story o$ theA ty%e o$ 'ratorio dea#ing "ith the story o$ the

)ruci$iion as to#d 2y the $our a%ost#es ;5athe",)ruci$iion as to#d 2y the $our a%ost#es ;5athe",5ar9, Lu9e and ohn=.5ar9, Lu9e and ohn=.

4et is in erman.4et is in erman./eatures chora#es ;erman hymn tune, homo%honic in/eatures chora#es ;erman hymn tune, homo%honic in

teture, sung in $our %arts= as "e## as recitati+es,teture, sung in $our %arts= as "e## as recitati+es,arias and choruses.arias and choruses.



!.M No. 1 Handel - Lascia

'

'%era'%era

A drama set to music "ith so#oists, chorus,A drama set to music "ith so#oists, chorus,acting and orchestra# accom%animent.acting and orchestra# accom%animent.

a )a%o Ariaa )a%o AriaAn aria in ternary $orm ;A B A=.An aria in ternary $orm ;A B A=./ound in o%era and oratorio in the 17/ound in o%era and oratorio in the 17thth and 1Cand 1Cthth

centuries.centuries.4he third section is not "ritten out 2ut the4he third section is not "ritten out 2ut the

instruction a ca%o ;$rom the 2eginning= isinstruction a ca%o ;$rom the 2eginning= isgi+en instead.gi+en instead.4he re%eat o$ the A section "as %er$ormed4he re%eat o$ the A section "as %er$ormed

"ith the so#o ornamented."ith the so#o ornamented.



Lascia ch’io %iangaLascia ch’io %ianga

/rom an o%era ca##ed *ina#do 2y Hande#./rom an o%era ca##ed *ina#do 2y Hande#.5a3or 9ey5a3or 9eySim%#e timeSim%#e time4hree 2eats in 2ar4hree 2eats in 2ar4ernary $orm4ernary $orm a ca%o ariaa ca%o ariaA#to +oiceA#to +oiceBasso continuoBasso continuo5odu#taion to re#ati+e minor at start o$ Section B.5odu#taion to re#ati+e minor at start o$ Section B.



WW CD1 No.+ Handel - $,e

'+erture'+erture

An o+erture is a %iece o$ orchestra#An o+erture is a %iece o$ orchestra#music "hich introduces a #arge-sca#emusic "hich introduces a #arge-sca#e

"or9 such as an o%era, oratorio or"or9 such as an o%era, oratorio ormusica#.musica#.



!. Matters No.1+b

)hora#e Pre#ude)hora#e Pre#ude

A chora#e %re#ude is an etendedA chora#e %re#ude is an etendedcom%osition $or organ 2ased on acom%osition $or organ 2ased on a

chora#e me#ody.chora#e me#ody. 4he me#ody can 2e treated in a +ariety4he me#ody can 2e treated in a +ariety

o$ "ays, e.g. $uga# sty#e and +ariationo$ "ays, e.g. $uga# sty#e and +ariation

$orm.$orm. ?t is %er$ormed 2y an organ on its o"n.?t is %er$ormed 2y an organ on its o"n.



WW CD1 No. /i,aldi !(ri

)oncerto rosso)oncerto rosso

A concerto grosso is a ty%e o$ concertoA concerto grosso is a ty%e o$ concertoin "hich a grou% o$ so#oists ;ca##ed thein "hich a grou% o$ so#oists ;ca##ed the

concertinoconcertino= is com2ined and contrasted= is com2ined and contrasted"ith a #arger grou% ;ca##ed the"ith a #arger grou% ;ca##ed the ri%ienori%ieno=.=.

?t is anti%hona#, "ith a sma## grou%?t is anti%hona#, "ith a sma## grou%

a#ternating "ith a #arge grou%.a#ternating "ith a #arge grou%. *i%ieno 8 #et ri%D*i%ieno 8 #et ri%D



4he /our Seasons - S%ring4he /our Seasons - S%ring

)oncerto rosso)oncerto rosso

)oncertino and *i%ieno)oncertino and *i%ieno

Basso )ontinuoBasso )ontinuo Peda#Peda#

4ri##s and 5ordents4ri##s and 5ordents

?mitation?mitation 4remo#ando4remo#ando

SequenceSequence



Atmn %rom /i,aldi's o

*itorne##o*itorne##o 4his is a ty%e o$ $orm.4his is a ty%e o$ $orm.

?t means E#itt#e return’.?t means E#itt#e return’.

?n a concerto grosso, the ritorne##o is?n a concerto grosso, the ritorne##o isthe main theme %#ayed 2y the *i%ienothe main theme %#ayed 2y the *i%ieno

grou% ;the orchestra= and sometimesgrou% ;the orchestra= and sometimesthe )oncertino ;the so#oists=.the )oncertino ;the so#oists=.



*itorne##o $orm is o$ten used in the $irst*itorne##o $orm is o$ten used in the $irst

and #ast mo+ements o$ a concertoand #ast mo+ements o$ a concertogrosso.grosso.

4he %iece starts o$$ "ith the ritorne##o4he %iece starts o$$ "ith the ritorne##o%#ayed 2y the ri%ieno.%#ayed 2y the ri%ieno.

4he ritorne##o returns at +arious %oints4he ritorne##o returns at +arious %ointsthroughout the mo+ement either in $u##throughout the mo+ement either in $u##or a22re+iated $orm, simi#ar to a *ondo.or a22re+iated $orm, simi#ar to a *ondo.



Autumn $rom 4he /our SeasonsAutumn $rom 4he /our Seasons

4hird 5o+ement4hird 5o+ement

/ ma3or/ ma3or

*itorne##o /orm*itorne##o /orm

ou2#e Sto%%ingou2#e Sto%%ing

SequenceSequence

Har%sichord continuoHar%sichord continuo



/i,ialdi - !econd Alle)ro 2

/ugue/ugue

A $ugue is a contra%unta# %iece o$ musicA $ugue is a contra%unta# %iece o$ music2ased on a theme ;the su23ect=.2ased on a theme ;the su23ect=.

4he theme is heard in one +oice %art4he theme is heard in one +oice %arta#one, then imitated 2y other +oices ina#one, then imitated 2y other +oices inc#ose succession.c#ose succession.

4he $irst %art o$ the $ugue is ca##ed the4he $irst %art o$ the $ugue is ca##ed theexpositionexposition..



Fhat ha%%ens in a $ugueGFhat ha%%ens in a $ugueG

4he su23ect is heard a#one in one E+oice’4he su23ect is heard a#one in one E+oice’or %art at the 2eginning o$ a $ugue.or %art at the 2eginning o$ a $ugue.

A$ter the su23ect is %#ayed, the sameA$ter the su23ect is %#ayed, the sametune a%%ears in another +oice or %art intune a%%ears in another +oice or %art inthe dominant ;a the dominant ;a thth higher or a @higher or a @thth

#o"er=. 4his is ca##ed the#o"er=. 4his is ca##ed the ans"erans"er..



*ea# Ans"er or 4ona# Ans"er*ea# Ans"er or 4ona# Ans"er

?$ the inter+a#s o$ the ans"er are?$ the inter+a#s o$ the ans"er areeact#y the same as the su23ect, theeact#y the same as the su23ect, the

ans"erans"er is said to 2eis said to 2e rea#rea#..?$ the inter+a#s o$ the?$ the inter+a#s o$ the ans"erans"er are notare not

eact#y the same as the su23ect, theeact#y the same as the su23ect, the

ans"er is said to 2eans"er is said to 2e tona#tona#..



Fhi#e the ans"er is 2eing %#ayed, theFhi#e the ans"er is 2eing %#ayed, the

$irst +oice accom%anies it "ith a$irst +oice accom%anies it "ith acounter su23ectcounter su23ect. 4his is a ne" tune.. 4his is a ne" tune.4here can 2e more than one counter4here can 2e more than one counter

su23ect.su23ect.

4he e%osition usua##y ends "hen a##4he e%osition usua##y ends "hen a##

+oices ha+e gi+en a statement o$ the+oices ha+e gi+en a statement o$ thesu23ect or ans"er.su23ect or ans"er.



StrettoStretto

Stretto re$ers to a section o$ a $ugueStretto re$ers to a section o$ a $ugue"here su23ect entries o+er#a%. 4he"here su23ect entries o+er#a%. 4he

second entry 2egins 2e$ore the $irst hassecond entry 2egins 2e$ore the $irst has$inished.$inished. 4his adds tension and4his adds tension andecitement.ecitement.

htt%&((htt%&((""".youtu2e.com("atchG+""".youtu2e.com("atchG+anqia@n:oanqia@n:o

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=an5qia4nVxo











%isode%isode

AnAn e%isodee%isode is o$ten used as ais o$ten used as amodu#ating #in9 2et"een entries o$ themodu#ating #in9 2et"een entries o$ the

su23ect and is $requent#y 2ased onsu23ect and is $requent#y 2ased on$ragments $rom the su23ect or counter$ragments $rom the su23ect or countersu23ect.su23ect.



W'"ood CD 1 No. 0 Handel'

SuiteSuite

A suite is a set o$ dances or a co##ectionA suite is a set o$ dances or a co##ectiono$ %ieces "hich are %art o$ a #argero$ %ieces "hich are %art o$ a #arger

sca#e "or9.sca#e "or9. ?t is instrumenta#.?t is instrumenta#.



Hande#’s Fater 5usic Suite >o.I in 5a3orHande#’s Fater 5usic Suite >o.I in 5a3or

Anti%hona#Anti%hona#

otted rhythmsotted rhythms

4ri##s4ri##s 4rum%ets and horns4rum%ets and horns

Basso continuoBasso continuo

Po#y%honicPo#y%honic

5a3or5a3or

@(@@(@ 5odu#ation to5odu#ation to

re#ati+e minorre#ati+e minor



ach Chaconne %rom Partit

)haconne and Passacag#ia)haconne and Passacag#ia

)haconne)haconne

4he chaconne is a s%ecia# ty%e o$ continuous 4heme4he chaconne is a s%ecia# ty%e o$ continuous 4hemeand :ariations "here a $air#y short su23ect ;norma##yand :ariations "here a $air#y short su23ect ;norma##y

@ 2ars= is re#ent#ess#y re%eated and +aried.@ 2ars= is re#ent#ess#y re%eated and +aried. 4he su23ect or theme occurs either as a re%eating4he su23ect or theme occurs either as a re%eating

me#odic 2ass #ine or as a harmonic %rogression.me#odic 2ass #ine or as a harmonic %rogression.

?t is a s#o" dance in sim%#e tri%#e time, o$ten in a?t is a s#o" dance in sim%#e tri%#e time, o$ten in a

minor 9ey "ith an accent on the second 2eat.minor 9ey "ith an accent on the second 2eat. • http://http://www.youtube.com/watch?vwww.youtube.com/watch?v=Ke34bIxmVas=Ke34bIxmVas

• Bach's Violi !hacoe i "Bach's Violi !hacoe i "

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ke34bIxmVas






http://solomonsmusic.net/bachacon.htm








Passacag#iaPassacag#ia

'rigina##y a s#o" state#y dance o$ the 17th'rigina##y a s#o" state#y dance o$ the 17thcentury.century.

4his term no" a%%#ies to a %iece "ith a theme4his term no" a%%#ies to a %iece "ith a theme"hich is continua##y re%eated, 2ut not necessari#y"hich is continua##y re%eated, 2ut not necessari#yin the 2ass #i9e a )haconne.in the 2ass #i9e a )haconne.

Bach Passacag#ia in ) 5inor $or organBach Passacag#ia in ) 5inor $or organ

5usic $or %assacag#ia5usic $or %assacag#ia

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5O9gs-DHozM


http://javanese.kjsl.com/files/imglnks/usimg/1/18/IMSLP09822-Bach-d_Albert_bwv582_Passacaglia_and_Fugue_in_c.pdf






'rnaments'rnaments

4ri## 8 ra%id and re%eated mo+ement 2et"een4ri## 8 ra%id and re%eated mo+ement 2et"eent"o ad3acent notes.t"o ad3acent notes.

Acciaccatura 8 An ornament "hich sounds #i9eAcciaccatura 8 An ornament "hich sounds #i9ea crushed note %#ayed +ery quic9#y on the 2eata crushed note %#ayed +ery quic9#y on the 2eator 3ust 2e$ore it.or 3ust 2e$ore it.

A%%oggiatura 8 An ornament "hich sounds #i9eA%%oggiatura 8 An ornament "hich sounds #i9e

a #eaning note. ?t ta9es ha#$ the +a#ue o$ thea #eaning note. ?t ta9es ha#$ the +a#ue o$ themain note "hich $o##o"s it, or t"o thirds i$ themain note "hich $o##o"s it, or t"o thirds i$ themain note is dotted.main note is dotted.



!ond matters No 14 2har(s

4urn 8 /our notes "hich turn round the4urn 8 /our notes "hich turn round themain note "ith the note a2o+e, the mainmain note "ith the note a2o+e, the main

note, the notes 2e#o" and the main notenote, the notes 2e#o" and the main noteagain. An in+erted turn starts "ith theagain. An in+erted turn starts "ith thenote 2e#o" re+ering the %rocess.note 2e#o" re+ering the %rocess.

5ordent 8 An ornament "hich sounds5ordent 8 An ornament "hich sounds#i9e the main note, the note a2o+e and#i9e the main note, the note a2o+e andthen the main note again. An in+ertedthen the main note again. An in+erted

mordent sounds #i9e the main note, themordent sounds #i9e the main note, thenote 2e#o" and then the main note again.note 2e#o" and then the main note again.

baroque unit - higher

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