b3 human trafficking
TRANSCRIPT
Presented by:
FCJ REFUGEE CENTRE
HT in numbers
TIP: International and Canadian Contexts
Services: gaps and future vision
Multi- agency network
TIP is the second largest sector of organized crime after drugs and arms generating an estimated $31.6 billion a year. TIP trafficking for sex makes up $ 27.8 billion. (The A 21 Campaign)
Women and children make up the majority (88%) of all victims. (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime)
The majority of trafficking victims are between 18 and 24 years of age. (UN Gift: Global Initiate to Fight Human Trafficking)
Lucrative business: 32 billon USD per year low risk and high profit endeavor. Profits per
trafficked individual ranging from $13,000 to $67,200 per year
Members of well established criminal networks
Individuals or family members
Women increasingly play role as perpetrators of HT
B
y m
eans
of
By
mea
ns
of
Fo
r th
e p
urp
ose
ofTransportation
Transfer
Harbouring
Receipt
Treat or Use of Force
Coercion
Abduction
Fraud
Deception
Abuse of Power
Abuse of a position of vulnerability
Giving or receiving payments or
benefits to achieve the consent of a person, Having
control over another person
Prostitution of others or other form
of sexual exploitation
Removal of Organs
Slavery or practices similar to slavery
Servitude
Forced labour or services
ACT
MEANS
EXPLOITATION
Recruitment
Canada: SOURCE, DESTINATION and TRANSIT
Lack of official statistics RCMP estimation: 800-1200 people
were trafficked to Canada each year (before the Criminal Code legislation)
NGOs victims’ estimations is much higher
Domestic trafficking Canadian girls and women ( approximately 36 cases in 2010, 34
cases were domestic) Aboriginal women and girls are disproportionally affected by the
crime of trafficking although official statistics are lacking Age 12 and 25 Urban centres as well as smaller centres such Niagara and Peel
regions (ON)
International Trafficking (?) Eastern Europe, China, Southeast Asia and Latin America Enter Canada with falsified or genuine documents through legal or
illegal means The victims usually are destined for major urban centres like
Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver
Absence of National Legislation on HT
Low conviction rate (new statistics shows that the conviction rate is improving)
Lack of awareness among the police and the service providers
Art.6 (3) Services victims of trafficking are entitled to:
(a) appropriate housing; (b) counselling and information, in particular as regards
their legal rights, in a language that the victims of trafficking in persons can understand;
(c) medical, psychological and material assistance; and (d) employment, educational and training opportunities.
Article 6 (4)
State parties to take into account the age, gender and special needs of victims of trafficking, children, in particular.
There is a lack of legislation and clearly articulated policies regarding the services and protection available to trafficked persons.
The assistance is sporadic and often depend on the mandate of the organization providing the service.
The availability of services depends upon the political willingness on federal and provincial level to allocate recourses.
1st phase: Crisis Intervention and Assessment
• victim receives emergency assistance and safety;
2nd phase: Comprehensive Assessment and Case Management
• victim receives proper care and ongoing coordinated assistance;
3rd phase: Re/Integration and Settlement• survivor of human trafficking is ready to begin
again her/his life.
Source: Heather Clawson Caliber, Study of HHS Programs Serving Trafficking Victims, 2009
Victim identification and referral
Shelter and Recovery
Integration Destination/third country
OR
Reintegration
REFLECT ION
Sphere of Protection
HousingMedical careTrauma counselingLegal assistance Court AssistanceSettlement servicesSkill training and education
Case manager assigned to assist trafficked person through the complex process;
Additional supports from case manager:• translation services, accompanying
client to appointments, assisting client with navigating the transportation system and teaching her/him basic life skills;
No agency, governmental or non-governmental, has the capacity to respond alone to human trafficking victim.
The multi-agency response to human trafficking is one of the best models to address the issue.
Advantages:• Effective use of resources thus avoid overlapping
The Canadian experience: BC, Manitoba, Alberta
Housing and
Shelter
Housing and
Shelter
Translation and
Interpretation Services
Translation and
Interpretation Services
Emergency Health
and Dental
Emergency Health
and Dental
Counselling and
Support Services
Counselling and
Support Services
Legal Consultati
on
Legal Consultati
on
Academia & Research
Academia & Research
Office to Combat Trafficking in Persons 1-888-712-7974
Office to Combat Trafficking in Persons 1-888-712-7974
May RequireCulturally Sensitive
Trafficked Trafficked Person Person
Law Enforcement
Law Enforcement
Source: OCTIP, BC
Q&A