Case Study on Korba

Report by Ayush Singh 1

DISASTER MANAGEMENT

RISK ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION

IN KORBA,C.G.

REPORT BY-

AYUSH SINGH

111EE0234

Case Study on Korba

Report by Ayush Singh 2

CONTENTS

TOPIC PAGE

1. Introduction 3

2. Risk Analysis 6

3. Major Concern 9

4. What's the future have in store ? 11

5. Solution & Prevention 12

6.References 17

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Report by Ayush Singh 3

1.INTRODUCTION-

Located in the Korba District of Indian state of

Chhattisgarh, City of Korba is the Power capital of the

state housing several public and private power

generating companies in addition to being a mining hub

and a major aluminium producing city.

Situated near the river Hasdeo and Ahiran district comes

under Bilaspur division and is inhabited mainly by

tribals including the protected tribe Korwas (Pahadi

Korwa). Korba is blessed with lush green forest cover,

where a sizeable number of tribal population is found.

The Adivaisis in the forest areas live in tandem with the

environment and have retained their distinctive cultural

characteristics and traditional observances Korba is

often referred as the Industrial Hub of Chhattisgarh. The

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district within itself is enriched with all the essential raw

materials needed for power generation namely coal and

water.

Figure 1 Gevra Project-Asia largest Coal Mine

1.1 Geography-

It is situated at the confluence of the Hasdeo and

Ahiran rivers.

Located at 22*20' North latitude and 82*42' East

longitude, with a height of 304.8 meter above sea

level.

The District's total area is 714,544 hectares, of

which 283,497 hectares is forest land.

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1.2 Demographics

As of 2011 India census,

Population 365,073

Male 52%

Female 48%

Under the age of six 12%

Literacy 84.36%

Male Literacy 91.93%

Female Literacy 76.17%

1.3 Climate

Korba District falls under the hot temperate climate zone

and hence the district experiences very hot and dry

climate. Summer season starts from April to mid June.

Rainy season is due to the South-West Monsoon starting

from mid June till the end of September. The average

rainfall in the district is 1506.7 mm. and normal rainfall

is 1287.6 mm.

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2. RISK ANALYSIS

Though City of Korba is not under any high risk zones of

natural disaster it is enriched with natural resources

which led to high amount of extraction and consumption

of resources on a daily basis. We will look at potential

risk of all the major natural and manmade disaster on

the region and further on we will look at the future

dangers and prevention methods.

2.1 Natural Disaster

1. Earthquake- Korba comes under least prone earthquake zone in India as its

far away from edges of any tectonic plate and sea area. Though

some alerts were issued in early 2000's, no major seismic activity

has taken place in the area.

2. Flood- Though the city is near two river( i.e. River Hasdeo and River

Ahiran) , both contains low level of water flow with very low risk

of flood.

3. Drought- Chhattisgarh is one of the worst affected drought zones in India.

In 2010, over 50 Tehsils were declared drought affected in which

southern part of the state suffered the worst.

4. Heat Wave-

Along with drought, heat waves are the biggest natural disaster

in Chhattisgarh with over 40 people suffering heavily from it on

annual basis.

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2.2 Manmade Disaster

1.Industrial Disaster-

Heavily crowded with industry and plants, industrial disaster

are the biggest threat to Korba. Heavy extraction of coal and

presence of over 4 major thermal power plants produces a huge

amount of pollution contaminating mainly air and water.

The severe use of natural resources are rapidly changing the

geographical features and terrain of the region resulting in the

increase of risk in the region.

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1. Engineering Failures-

Figure 2 2009 Balco Chimney Collapse

Structural failure have been the biggest demon for the city in

recent with the incident of chimney collapse in 2009 which

caused the death over 45 people. The probability of occurrence

of such events are high as they require minimum of mistakes to

occur. No accurate up-to-date figures exist for the number of

occupational accidents and deaths in India, but the UN’s

International Labour Organisation has estimated that 50,000

people die here each year from work-related causes.

2.3 Epidemics & Other Disaster

Recent outbreak of malaria and cholera are some of

the incidents where pollution, lack of upper

management and lack of cleanliness in village areas

has caused death and mass hysteria.

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3.MAJOR CONCERNS

3.1 Drought-

Drought is a major concern for the region.

Rainfall stat for the Korba is not consistent as to give us a

clear view.

Rainfall data for city of Korba over 2003-10 in terms of mm

2003 1778.8

2004 1250.0

2005 1369.5

2006 972.8

2007 1235.7

2008 1237.7

2009 937.3

2010 1164.8

As a major producer of rice the farmers of Korba as well as

of Chhattisgarh depends heavily on rainfall & a picture such

as below is not only bad but is a serious threat to their

livelihood.

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3.2 Heat Wave-

The temperature reaching as much as 47°Celsius in

May-June. Dependency on monsoon for rain. Large Population of tribes and naxalite affected area

remain untouched by any sort of Government or

NGO help.

SOME OF THE RECENT HEADLINES IN RECENT

MEDIA ARE PROOF OF ADVERSITY FELT BY

PEOPLE-

Heat wave claims 4 in Chhattisgarh-DNA INDIA Heat wave grips Chhattisgarh- The Indian

Chhattisgarh schools extend summer vacation as heat

wave continues-Mid-Day

3.3 Accidents and Industrial Disaster-

Large extents of mine area prone to landfills accidents, landslides disaster and earthquake hazards.

Multiple large construction are prone to mistakes.

Chemical wastage. Pollution in large amount.

Fast depletion of resources and rapid changes in terrain due to unfair practices.

Reason for Engineering Failures-

Human factors (including both 'ethical' failure and accidents) Design flaws (many of which are also the result of unethical practices)

material failures.

Extreme conditions or environments, and, most commonly and importantly

Combinations of these reasons

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4.What's the future have in Store ?

1. Mine-Induced Seismicity- Mining leaves voids that generally alter the balance of forces in the rock. These voids may collapse producing seismic waves and in some cases reactivate existing faults causing minor earthquakes. Natural cavern collapse forming sinkholes would produce an essentially identical local seismic event.

2. Industrial Pollution causing climatic changes-

Industrial pollution is pollution which can be directly linked with industry, in contrast to other pollution sources. Samples of ice cores from Antarctica and the Arctic both show high levels of industrial pollutants, illustrating the immense distances which pollutants can travel, and traces of industrial pollutants have been identified in isolated human, animal, and plant populations as well.

3. Industry v/s Temperature Rise-Industry in Korba i.e.

thermal plants and aluminium plants causes huge amount of consumption of energy which in turn reflects in the rise of temperature.

4. Rapid changes in terrain-The geographical features

of a city like Korba changes daily due huge amount of excavation and its replenishment. Due to lack of vigilance the ground are not refilled causing huge areas with weak bases in deep. Such weak bases are prone to earthquake and landslides in future if they are not taken care of.

5. Industry damaging water-The region surrounding

Korba is highly dependent on rainfall and faces many challenge in absence of rainfall. In case the water resources such as lakes, ponds and rivers are damaged, it will create a potential drought situation which will be catastrophic especially for large number of tribes living the area.

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5.SOLUTION & PREVENTION-

In this we will tackle the four major problems for the region i.e. Drought, Heat Wave, Industrial Disaster and

Engineering Failures.

5.1 DROUGHT-

Q. What we can do?

Ans- We can-

1. Save water at home and encourage our neighbour to do so.

2. Educate those who don't have a clue and are not aware of the problem.

3. Imply Rain water harvesting methods.

4. Try changing ours and others work related practices on water.

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5.2 HEAT WAVE

Q. How to beat the heat?

Ans- We can-

1.Stay in the coolest place as much as

possible, and avoid too much activity.

2.Eat lightly and drink plenty of fluids. Avoid caffeinated drinks. Don't take salt tablets

unless advised to do so by a doctor.

3.Rub wet washcloths, packs of frozen food or ice cubes over your wrists, face and

back of neck.

4.Seek medical help if cooling-off measures

are not working. Heat stroke can be fatal if not recognized and treated in time.

5.3 INDUSTRIAL DISASTER-

Q. Human error can be fatal, how to save yourself and other?

Ans-We can-

1. Danger zone warnings. A lot of industrial accidents result from neglecting to inform or

warn people of danger zones. 2. Quality assurance of equipment. Another cause

of industrial accidents is due to equipment that is not checked for quality.

3. Employee training. Employee incompetence is

another thing that causes injury accidents. In order for employees to work in dangerous

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settings, they must be trained how to handle certain equipment and dangerous substances.

4. Emergency briefing of employees. Employees

must be briefed on emergency procedures when industrial accidents happen. If employees aren’t

briefed, there is a bigger chance that more people can be harmed when accidents occur.

5. Proper handling of hazardous waste materials. Some industrial accidents occur because of

proper disposal of hazardous waste materials and chemicals. This may cause fires and

explosions. Employees should be briefed on the proper handling and disposal of these materials

to avoid untoward incidents. 6. Health and safety inspection checks. There are

some non-profit organizations that conduct health and safety inspection checks in different

industrial settings. These organizations not only inspect the workplace, but they also provide

training to employees, consulting for improvement and dissemination of important

information on industrial health and safety.

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5.4 ENGINEERING FAILURES/DISASTER-

Q. How to prevent a mistake from being a disaster?

Ans- Some logics-

1.Few, if any, failures in service are first-time events. If it

is likely to happen in the future, odds are it happened before - but not necessarily in the same industry.

Learning from earlier mistakes are the first options to prevent disaster.

2. There is no such thing as a "root cause". Virtually all

failures consist of sequences of events drawn from the entire range of the product development life cycle.

Efficiency in all the operations are a must.

3.Failure event sequences display a consistent logic,

which can be defined and used as a pattern to identify potential failures in similar, but not necessarily identical

circumstances in the future. Material and computer logic failures are particularly suited to this form of treatment.

4.Be true to your ethics. Many accidents are caused by

unethical practices in buying, making and selling processes. Remember CORRUPTION AND GREED CAN

CAUSE DISASTER!!!

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5.5 Administration and Government Role-

1.Drought-

1. Policy issues-national, regional and district level policy to prevent mass loss.

2. Development of infrastructure in rural areas especially those having tribes.

3. Food resources and advisory services to be arranged so they can be useful in time.

2.Heat Wave-

1. Construction water pumps and water stalls. This measure have been recently applied by the C.G Government in the Korba District.

2. Working Hours to be managed in an

appropriate manner. 3. Medical and other emergency services to be

trained specifically to be prepared for this type of disaster.

3.Industrial Disaster-

1. Be strict on corporate sector to be more careful. 2. Regular inspection.

3. Being Vigilant toward this.

4.Engineering Failures-

1. Stricter regulation for punishment toward

unethical practices. 2. Regular inquiry into personnel practices at

his/her workplace.

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Final Thoughts-

As concluded from recent meeting of UN officials in Geneva last

week, COOPERATION IS THE KEY to fight and prevent any disaster.

6.REFERENCES-

1. http://www.dnaindia.com/india/1370643/report-heat-wave-claims-4-in-chhattisgarh

2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC420061/ 3. http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/chhattisgarh-

declares-50-more-tehsils-drought-hit-110020500008_1.html 4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhattisgarh 5. http://agridept.cg.gov.in/agriculture/rainfall_last_10_year.html 6. http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/delayed-

monsoon-likely-in-chhattisgarh-110060800005_1.html 7. http://www.hindu.com/2004/11/10/stories/2004111008940300.htm 8. http://www.howtodothings.com/business/how-to-prevent-industrial-

accidents 9. http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=44339#.UWqawLWl7is