ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE

Aveen Omer

Hawler College of Medicine/Kurdistan

The word antibiotic comes from the Greek anti meaning 'against' and bios meaning 'life‘

' Antibiotics are also known as antibacterials.

What are antibiotics?

Drugs used to treat infections caused

by bacteria. An antibacterial is a compound or

substance that kills or slows down the growth of bacteria

Many mechanism: 1. inhibiting cell wall growth and

synthesis. 2.Alter ribosomal function by

inhibiting protein synthesis. 3. Interfere with replication of

DNA or RNA.

How Antibiotics work?

4. Drugs block the metabolic

pathway essential for the life of the micro-organism.

5. Disruption of the cell membrane permeability.

Occurs when an antibiotic has lost

its ability to effectively control or kill bacterial growth.

The bacteria are "resistant" and continue to multiply in the presence of therapeutic levels of an antibiotic.

What’s antibiotic resistance?

Mechanisms:1. Production of drug-inactivation

enzymes.2. Structural modification of

antibiotic target site.3. Anaerobic bacteria are resistant

to the actions of Aminoglycosides

How bacteria get resistance to Antibiotics??

4.Altered uptake of

antibiotics>> resulting in decreased permeability, increased efflux.

5. Development of alternative metabolic pathways.

Why is antimicrobial resistance a global concern?

1. Antibiotic resistance kills.

2. Antibiotic resistance impedes the control of infectious agents.

3. with the problem of Antibiotic resistance progressing.. Threats increase to return to the pre-antibiotic era!

4. Resistance of infectious agents to antibiotics, increases the costs of health care.

5. Jeopardizes health-care gains to society.

6. Threatens health security, and damages trade and economies.

1. Doctors who have become slave of habit.2. prescribing>> without checking for the antibiotic sensitivity tests and also using broad spectrum antibiotics.3. Cultural conceptions and patients demands.4.Antibiotics are on the-counter drugs.

Causes of Antibiotic resistance spreading;

5. poverty6. Patient compliance7.The enormous growth of global trade and travel •“Trade and travel have increased the speed and facility with which both infectious diseases and resistant microorganisms can spread between continents.”

8.Antibiotic use in food production and animal care

In several parts of the world, more than 50% in tonnage of all antimicrobial production is used in food-producing animals.

Would you like to be a

doctor in a world where there were no antibiotics???

Changing word to actions

For 1 moment…STOP…

and..THINK…

What’s being done

globally???

•An international initiative with its base in Sweden

•Goal to reduce the development on antibiotic resistance

• www.reactgroup.org

React- Action on Antibiotic Resistance

Student’s Targeting Antibiotic

Resistance Today!

PUTITNG A SOTP TO ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE!

START

PUTITNG A SOTP TO ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE!

An IFMSA group. Established>> December 2011 Cecilia Kållberg >>>Sweden Jannie Dressler >>>Denmark About 50 members, from 29

different countries!

Webpage group Presentation/campaign group Article group  Connections to stakeholders Policy Statement group

START structure

1. To educate and raise awareness. To create awareness about the

topic/ to educate people on the hazards of indiscriminate use of antibiotics.

To prevent the consicuances.

Short-term goals:

2. To create material To create material that could be

used by students when educating others

To produce material that could be used beside presentations (posters etc.)

To share standard treatment

guidelines amongst students at our universities

To conduct a survey on physicians knowledge about antibiotics and antibiotic resistance (se point 3 on the agenda)

1.To engage other groups.a. To ask med faculties to add

classes on the subjectb. To ask hospitals to educate their employees also

Long-term goals:

1.START>> gathering a group of interested students and members of IFMSA… also doctors

2.Activities>>Seminars, Workshops…etc.

3.Data collecting…surveys

How to start locally…

Thanx