automation in micro irrigation 11
DESCRIPTION
Automation ManjunathaTRANSCRIPT
AUTOMATION IN
MICRO IRRIGATION
Presented by :MANJUNATH, KI.D. NO. AEK 715
ContentsContents Introduction
System components of automated irrigation system
Preparation of programming schedule
Various types of automation system
Important points for automated drip system
Benefits of automized irrigation
Limitations of automized irrigation system
INTRODUCTIONAutomation is the boon of farming.
In developed countries a large area
has been covered under automated
micro irrigation system.
It is relatively new; but getting
popularity day-by-day.
04/08/23 4
What is automation?What is automation?Automation is a
kind of innovation, in
which the manual
interventions are
replaced by an
automated system to
perform all the
operations.
04/08/23 5
What is micro irrigation?What is micro irrigation?It refers to low-pressure
irrigation systems that sprays,
mist, sprinkle, or drip.( The
water discharge patterns differ
because emission devices are
designed for specific
applications due to agronomic
or horticultural requirements)
04/08/23 6
What is automation in micro irrigation?
It is a system by which all the
operations related to the supply of
irrigation water or fertilizer to the crop
are carried out, automatically with no
or minimum manual interventions.
04/08/23 7
The scope of automation has become a
new development in micro irrigation
sector.
In India, the pressurized irrigation has
created a great awareness among the
farmers.
From government side several initiatives
have been taken for popularization.04/08/23 8
Layout of Aumation in micro irrigationLayout of Aumation in micro irrigation
System components of automated irrigation
system
04/08/23 10
An automized micro-irrigation
consists of following three
components
1.Sensors
2.Controllers and
3.Monitoring software / decision support
system
04/08/23 11
Sensors These are the device
used in the system for
producing electrical
signals related to the
parameter to be
measured.
Provide the basic data to
drive the automatic
control system04/08/23 12
Installation of sensor
Types of sensors1. Continuous sensors
Produce the electrical
signals in continuous
form such as voltage,
current, conductivity,
capacitance etc
Used for measuring the
pressure drop across the
filter or for determining
the soil moisture tension.
04/08/23 13
2.Discrete sensors
These are the
mechanical or electronic
switches
They indicate on/off
condition and also to
indicate the
opening/closing state of
valves, alarms, etc04/08/23 14
Different sensors used
Analog tensiometer.
Contact tensiometer.
Electrical resistance sensors.
Dielectric sensors.
Thermal soil matric potential sensor.
Gypsum block soil moisture sensor.04/08/23 15
Controllers It is considered as the heart of
automation system.
Its function is to coordinate the
operation of entire system.
They consists of an electronic calendar
and the clock.
There is option for irrigation schedule
of weekdays.04/08/23 16
Types of controllers
1.Electromechanical
controllers.
They are mechanically
based and not very
sensitive to the quality
of available power.
They have very limited
features regarding their
use.04/08/23 17
2. Electronic
controller
They are very
sensitive to the
power-line quality.
They provide a large
number of favorable
features at low cost.
04/08/23 18
Control valves1. Hydraulic valves.
These control valves are
operated by hydraulic
pressure.
Control tubes and solenoid
coils are used to transmit
the commands to valves.
Two types of
configuration normally
closed (NC) and normally
open (NO).04/08/23 19
2.Automatic metering
valves
Used in volume based
automated irrigation
system.
04/08/23 20
Master relayIts function is to control the pump operation.
Metering pump They are suitable to feed
a known quantity of
fertilizers / chemicals
Generally pumps of 1.5
to 3.5 lph are generally
found suitable
04/08/23 21
Metering pump
Master relay
Flow transducers
Used to measure the
flow and totaling the
flow.
The flow rate is
measured based on
the pulse output
indicated at the
counter.04/08/23 22
Sequencer system
The electro-
mechanical and
electronic driven
sequencers are
commonly used in
automated
system.
04/08/23 23
Preparation of programming schedule
Programmed the irrigation system to
determine the duration of irrigation for
the given crop, and for each section.
04/08/23 24
Feed the duration of individual
valves in the controller along with
system start time.
Set the controller clock in respect of
current day and time.
04/08/23 25
Working procedureAs the clock of controller gets
synchronized with the start time of
programme.
The controller starts sending 24V AC
current to the first solenoid valve in the
programme sequencer.
At the same time the current reaches the
master relay to start the pump.04/08/23 26
Various types of automation system
04/08/23 27
1. Time based system
Operation time is considered as the
basis of irrigation.
Operation time is computed on the
basis of required volume of water and
the average rate of water flow.
04/08/23 28
Feed the time in the controller
clock
Controller Valve 1
open
Valve 1 close
valve 2 open
signals
04/08/23 29
2) Volume based system
Provided with volume controlled
metering valve by which a preset
amount of water is applied to the field.
It consists of 2 systems
04/08/23 30
System 1.
04/08/23 31
System 2
Interconnected automatic metering
valves at each field segment.
For closing and opening of metering
valves.
04/08/23 32
3.Open loop system
In this system information about
irrigation duration or required volume of
water is feed to the control unit.
These information were programmed in
he system controller.
04/08/23 33
Cont…Advantage - low cost.
Disadvantage – system does not
respond to the environmental
conditions.
04/08/23 34
4.Closed loop system
In this system one or more sensors are
equipped
Operator based on operator’s control
strategy
System takes the decision on he basis
of sensors data.
04/08/23 35
5. Real time feed back system
The system works on the basis of real
feed back data regarding demand of
the crop at a given time
04/08/23 36
Cont..Various sensors like tensiometers,
relative humidity sensors, rain
sensors, temperature sensors etc,
used to feed the crop data to control
unit.
04/08/23 37
6. Computer based irrigation control system
In this system, a hardware and
software is equipped to supervise the
irrigation and other associated works
like fertigation, maintenance.
04/08/23 38
Contd..This control system used in MIS is
divided into following two
categories:
1)Interactive system and
2)Fully automatic system
04/08/23 39
1. Interactive system
This system use a micro computer.
The data is transmitted to control unit
from sensors and then to central
computer.
04/08/23 40
Cont…In system, the field devices like
valves, regulators, pumps etc., are
fitted with electrically operated
servo-device, which operates them
04/08/23 41
Cont…Operator has provision to control the
flow from the central computer by
changing the parameters like
pressure etc.
04/08/23 42
2) Automatic system
In this system person is completely
avoided.
Computer is programmed to perform
automatic functions
With the help of control devices corrections
can be done
In this system there is a facility to stop the
function when there is a rainfall etc,04/08/23 43
Important points for automated drip system
04/08/23 44
The controller should be installed at the
eye level for easy programming and screen
reading
Voltage stabilizer should be used for proper
supply of power in the system
The field wiring should be done through
conduit for safety point of view
Controller should not be installed in the
moistened or warm room04/08/23 45
Controller should be protected from the
water, insects, lizard and other reptiles.
The flow control system is for fine-
tuning; it should be used only for this
purpose.
If possible, the controller should be
installed either near to the pumping
unit or water source.
04/08/23 46
Benefits of automized irrigation
Conservation of water, labour and
energy
Flexibility in operation
Precision and ease in operation
Adoption possibilities of advanced
cropping and new technologies04/08/23 47
Feasibility of water use from different
sources
Control on entire irrigation system
Enhancement in crop yield with better
quality
Better water and nutrient use
efficiency04/08/23 48
Limitations of automized irrigation system
High system cost.
Sensor sensitivity.
Improper functioning of control valves.
Frequent maintenance.04/08/23 49
ConclusionConclusion In this era of mechanization due to the popularization
of micro irrigation the automation as become a new
development in micro irrigation sectors.
This technology mainly focuses on smooth operation,
energy saving and less labour dependency.
Hence the automation is the bone of farming with
increase the water use efficiency.
Reference Abraham, N.,Hema, P.S.,Saritha, E.K. & Subramannaiah,
S. (2000). Irrigation automation based on soil electrical
conductivity & leaf temperature. Agricultural water
management 45:145-157
R.Suresh, “ Micro irrigation theory and practice “
Dhingra, D and Kumar, A. (2000). Automation of micro
irrigation system. In micro irrigation(Sing et al, eds).
Proc. Int. Conf. on micro and sprinkler irrigation
systems, jalgaon, 8-10 Feb.. 2000. p. 229-235.