author's accepted...
TRANSCRIPT
Author's Accepted Manuscript
Biodiversity patterns, environmental driversand indicator species on a High-temperatureHydrothermal edifice, mid-Atlantic ridge
Jozée Sarrazin, Pierre Legendre, Fanny deBusserolles, Marie-Claire Fabri, Katja Guilini,Viatcheslav N. Ivanenko, Marie Morineaux,Ann Vanreusel, Pierre-Marie Sarradin
PII: S0967-0645(15)00129-0DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.04.013Reference: DSRII3861
To appear in: Deep-Sea Research II
Cite this article as: Jozée Sarrazin, Pierre Legendre, Fanny de Busserolles,Marie-Claire Fabri, Katja Guilini, Viatcheslav N. Ivanenko, Marie Morineaux,Ann Vanreusel, Pierre-Marie Sarradin, Biodiversity patterns, environmentaldrivers and indicator species on a High-temperature Hydrothermal edifice,mid-Atlantic ridge, Deep-Sea Research II, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.04.013
This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted forpublication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version ofthe manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, andreview of the resulting galley proof before it is published in its final citable form.Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered whichcould affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journalpertain.
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]0'M]02&!8#+8&+=)(=*#+6j!(+0!d[e!(!=A*)0!J*8)#A(1*=(=!8A()(8=&)*$&0!13!*+=&)J&0*(=&!(1*#=*8!
8#+0*=*#+6D! 2758=5(=*#+6! #I! &+B*)#+J&+=(7! 8#+0*=*#+6! ^&)&! /)&(=&)! *+! =A&! ^()J!
J*8)#A(1*=(=6! =A(+! *+! =A&! 8#70! J*8)#A(1*=(=6D! O5)! J(G*J5J! =&JU&)(=5)&6! *+! ^()J!
J*8)#A(1*=(=6! dRDR! h! PD\! g;e!^&)&! *+! =A&! 6(J&! )(+/&! (6! =A#6&!J&(65)&0!13! a*&7*+6F*! &=! (7D!
dPSTTe! *+! =A&! .#/(=8A&B!J566&7! 1&06! d9HKe! dTSDQ! h! [D`g;e,! (+0! =A#6&! )&U#)=&0! (=! 6&B&)(7!
B&+=!6*=&6!d'L-K,!L-K,!.(5!4(6*+e!d)&B*&^&0!13!a*&7*+6F*!&=!(7D!PSTTeD!O5)!]0'!8#+8&+=)(=*#+6!
17
dTD_S!h!SDQ!i9!=#!`SDS\!h!P_DP!i9e!^&)&!(76#!*+!=A&!6(J&!)(+/&!(6!=A#6&!)&U#)=&0!*+!#=A&)!
B&+=!J566&7!(66&J17(/&6! dS! =#!R\!i9!I#)!(!J&(+!#I!P\!i9j!.5=$!&=!(7D,!PSSRj!C&&6!&=!(7D,!
PSSReD!H1*#=*8!8#+0*=*#+6!8(+!B()3!6*/+*I*8(+=73!*+!J*8)#A(1*=(=6!=A(=!()&!6&U()(=&0!13!#+73!(!
I&^!8&+=*J&=&)6!d;P!(+0!;[!I#)!&G(JU7&,!^A*8A!()&!_S!8J!(U()=e,!(6!A*/A7*/A=&0!*+!#=A&)!B&+=!
6=50*&6!d'())($*+!&=!(7D,!TQQ\,!TQQQj!.5=A&)!&=!(7D,!PSSTj!.&!4)*6!&=!(7D,!PSSXj!-#0#^6F*!&=!(7D,!
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6*/+*I*8(+=!U)#G*&6!=#!0*II&)&+=*(=&!=A&!8#70!(+0!^()J!J*8)#A(1*=(=6D!!#2&+1)5')*3.-#4)"'%3.,!
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(+0! B()*(=*#+! #I! =A&! 8A&J*8(7! 6U&8*&6! &+8#5+=&)&0! *+! A30)#=A&)J(7! I75*06,!^A*8A! 8(+! B()3!
8#+6*0&)(173!#B&)!(!+())#^!=&JU&)(=5)&!/)(0*&+=!d'())($*+!&=!(7D,!TQQQj!'())(0*+!&=!(7D,!TQQQ,!
PSSQj! ;5B&7*&)! &=! (7D,! PSSQj! a*&7*+6F*! &=! (7D! PSTTeD! ]A56,! A30)#=A&)J(7! (+*J(76! 7*B&! *+! =A&!
8A&J*8(773!)&(8=*B&!J*G*+/!$#+&!1&=^&&+!A*/A:=&JU&)(=5)&!A30)#=A&)J(7! I75*06! d[P`g;,!UZ!
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=A(=! 8())*&6! =A&!#G3/&+!(+0!#G*0(+=6! =A&3!+&&0! d"#A+6#+!&=! (7D,! TQRRj! .&!4)*6! &=! (7D,! PSSXj!
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A30)#=A&)J(7!I75*06!()&!U)(8=*8(773!+*7!^A&+!I75*0!=&JU&)(=5)&!&G8&&06!8(D!TS:TPg;!d"#A+6#+!
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+&8&66()3!&+&)/3!6#5)8&6!(+0!656U&+0&0!#)/(+*8!U()=*87&6!I#)!B&+=!I(5+(!+5=)*=*#+!d'8AJ*0=!
&=!(7D,!PSSRe,!15=!(76#!U#=&+=*(773!=#G*8!8#JU#5+06!658A!(6!J&=(76!d9()=*+6!&=!(7D,!PSTT1e!(+0!
)(0*#+587*0&6!d;A()J(66#+!&=!(7D,!PSSQeD!]A&!U)&6&+8&!#I!=A*6!#G*8M(+#G*8!*+=&)I(8&!I(B#)6!=A&!
*+8)&(6&! #I! ]0;5! U)#058&0! 13! =A&! #G*0(=*B&! 0*66#75=*#+! #I! 8#UU&)! 657I*0&! U()=*87&6! *+! 8#70!
18
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6=(1*7*$(=*#+,! (+0! =A56! =A&! 1*#(B(*7(1*7*=3,! #I! J&=(76! d'(+0&)! (+0! <#68A*+6F*,! PSTTeD! ]A&!
)&6U&8=*B&! )#7&!#I! 0*66#7B&0! (+0! U()=*857(=&!J&=(76! *+! =A&! 6=)58=5)*+/! #I! B&+=! (66&J17(/&6!
)&V5*)&6!I5)=A&)!6=503,!*+!8#+>5+8=*#+!^*=A!=A&!=)#UA*8!1&A(B*#)!#I!=A&!I(5+(!d;#66#+!&=!(7D,!
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(15+0(+8&! #+! =A&! L*II&7! ]#^&)! &0*I*8&! ^&)&! 6*/+*I*8(+=73! *+I75&+8&0! 13! =A&! 6(J&!
&+B*)#+J&+=(7!I(8=#)6!(6!=A#6&!6*/+*I*8(+=!I#)!=A&!J(8)#I(5+(D!.*F&^*6&,!?#77+&)!&=!(7D!dPSS\e!
6A#^&0!6*/+*I*8(+=!0*II&)&+8&6!*+!J&*#I(5+(7!8#JJ5+*=3!6=)58=5)&!1&=^&&+!=^#!=51&^#)J!
(66&J17(/&6!^*=A!B&)3!0*II&)&+=! 8A&J*8(7!8A()(8=&)*6=*86! d&6U&8*(773! 657I*0&! 8#+8&+=)(=*#+6e!
#+!=A&!L-KD!O5)!0(=(!(76#!6A#^!=A(=!=A&!0*6=)*15=*#+!#I!8#U&U#0!0&B&7#UJ&+=(7!6=(/&6!^(6!
6*/+*I*8(+=73! *+I75&+8&0!13!&+B*)#+J&+=(7!8#+0*=*#+6,!U()=*857()73!UZ,!=&JU&)(=5)&!B()*(=*#+!
(+0!]0'!8#+8&+=)(=*#+D!E+!(00*=*#+,!=A&3!*+0*8(=&!=A(=!+(5U7**,!8#U&U#0*06!(+0!(057=6!0#!+#=!
+&8&66()*73! 6A()&! =A&! 6(J&! +*8A&,! (6! )&U#)=&0! U)&B*#5673! I#)! ]&/(6=*0(&! dEB(+&+F#! &=! (7D,!
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1&&+!)&U#)=&0!*+!#=A&)!B&+=!6=50*&6!d'())($*+!(+0!"5+*U&),!TQQQj!'())($*+!&=!(7D,!TQQQj!N)&3&)!
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65)I(8&!(+0!*+=&)6=*=*(7!A(1*=(=6!=A(=!I(B#)!=A&!)&8)5*=J&+=!#I!6&B&)(7!(66#8*(=&0!6U&8*&6!d@(+!
N#B&),! PSSSe,! =A#6&! I)#J! =A&! ^()J! J*8)#A(1*=(=6! 0*0! +#=! (UU&()! =#! I(B#)! (! A*/A! I(5+(7!
0*B&)6*=3D!'*J*7()73,!;5B&7*&)!&=!(7D!dPSSQe!6A#^&0!=A(=!J566&7!6*$&!^(6!+&/(=*B&73!8#))&7(=&0!
^*=A!=(G#+#J*8!)*8A+&66D!.()/&!J566&76!^*=A!&+A(+8&0!+5=)*=*#+(7!)&V5*)&J&+=6!J(3!*+A*1*=!
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19
^()J!J*8)#A(1*=(=6!J(3!1&!=##!A()6A!=#!(77#^!8#7#+*$(=*#+!13!U()=*857()!=(G(!d'())($*+!&=!(7D,!
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68(7&! 85))&+=!U(==&)+6! d<A)*U#5+#II!&=!(7D,! PSSR,!PSSQe,! )(*6*+/!V5&6=*#+6!(1#5=! =A&! )#7&!#I!
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(8=*B&!6#5)8&6!#)!=#!A30)#03+(J*8!I(8=#)6!)&J(*+6!=#!1&!*+B&6=*/(=&0D!N&&U!#8&(+!85))&+=6,!
=*0&6!(+0!7#8(7!=#U#/)(UA3!J(3!(II&8=!=A&!I7#^!#I!0*II56&!I75*06!(+0!=A56!*+I75&+8&!*=6!)&7(=*B&!
8#JU#6*=*#+!1#=A!6U(=*(773!(+0!=&JU#)(773!d)&B*&^&0!13!a*&+7*6F*!&=!(7D,!PSTTj!;5B&7*&)!&=!(7D,!
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d[Qse!#I!|)()&}!6U&8*&6!d*D&D!U)&6&+=!*+!T!#)!P!6(JU7*+/!5+*=6eD!H+!&()7*&)!6=503!#+!=A&!6(J&!
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6=503! #+! (! 6*+/7&! &0*I*8&D! ]A&! A*/A&)! +5J1&)! #I! 6(JU7&6! d+wTPe! (+0! =A&! U)&8*6&!
0&=&)J*+(=*#+!#I!J(8)#:! d&6U&8*(773!U#738A(&=&6e!(+0!J&*#I(5+(7!=(G(!*+!=A&!U)&6&+=!6=503!
8(+!(88#5+=!I#)!=A&6&!0*II&)&+8&6D!2#)!&G(JU7&,!#+73![!8#U&U#0!=(G(!(+0!T!+&J(=#0&!/)#5U!
^&)&!#16&)B&0!13!@(+!N#B&)!(+0!])(6F!dPSSSe,!8#JU()&0!=#!=A&!TT!8#U&U#0!I(J*7*&6!(+0!T[!
+&J(=#0&!/&+&)(!)&8#)0&0!A&)&D!]A&!A*/A!I)&V5&+83!#I!|)()&}!=(G(!(76#!8#+=)*15=&6!=#!=A&6&!
20
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da&F&73!&=!(7D,! PSSXe,! =A&!C#)=A!2*>*!4(6*+! d@(+)&56&7!&=!(7D,! TQQ\e!(+0!-(8*I*8!A30)#=A&)J(7!
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*+8750&!658=*#+!6(JU7&)6,!()J!/)(16,!=)(U6!(+0!8#7#+*$(=*#+!0&B*8&6!d6&&!)&B*&^!*+!?(5=A*&)!
21
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22
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23
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24
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28
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29
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30
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31
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32
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33
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@(+!N#B&),!;D.D,!])(6F,!"D.D!PSSSD!4*#0*B&)6*=3!*+!J566&7!1&06!(=!(!0&&U:6&(!A30)#=A&)J(7!B&+=!(+0!(!6A(77#^:^(=&)!*+=&)=*0(7!6*=&D!9()D!L8#7D!-)#/D!'&)D!TQ_,!TXQ�T\RD!
@(+)&56&7,!HD,!N&!?)##=&,!HD,!?#77+&),!'D,!4)*/A=,!9D,!PSTSD!L8#7#/3!(+0!1*#/&#/)(UA3!#I!I)&&:7*B*+/! +&J(=#0&6! (66#8*(=&0! ^*=A! 8A&J#63+=A&=*8! &+B*)#+J&+=6! *+! =A&! 0&&U! 6&(b! (!)&B*&^D!-7#6!O+&!_dRe,!T_D!
@(+)&56&7,! HD,! @(+0&+4#668A&,! ED,! ]A*&)J(++,! 2D,TQQ\D! 2)&&:7*B*+/!J()*+&! +&J(=#0&6! I)#J!
A30)#=A&)J(7! 6&0*J&+=6b! 6*J*7()*=*&6! ^*=A! 8#JJ5+*=*&6! I)#J! 0*B&)6&! )&058&0! A(1*=(=6D!9()D!L8#7D!-)#/D!'&)D!T_\b!PS\:PTQD!
@5*77&J*+,! KD,! .&! K#5G,! ND,! N#)B(7,! -D,! 458(6,! <D,! '50)&(5,! "D-D,! Z(J#+,!9D,! .&! ?(77,! ;D! (+0!'())(0*+,!-D9D,!PSSQD!;ZL9ECEb!(!+&^!*+!6*=5!;ZLJ*8(7!9ECE(=5)*$&0!(+(73$&)D!N&&U!'&(!K&6D!E!_X,!T[QT:T[QQD!
n()^*8F,! KD9D,! -7(==,! ZD9D,! '#J&)I*&70,! -D"D,! TQQRD! 2)&&:7*B*+/!J()*+&! +&J(=#0&6D! -()=D! EEED!9#+A36=&)*06D!.&*0&+D!
a&F&73,! "D,! @(+! N#B&),! ;D.D,! C&J&68AF(7,! ZD.D,! 4)*/A=,! 9D,! PSSXD! Z30)#=A&)J(7! B&+=!J&*#1&+=A#6! (66#8*(=&0! ^*=A! J3=*7*0! J566&7! (//)&/(=*#+6! I)#J! =A&!9*0:H=7(+=*8! K*0/&!(+0!=A&!L(6=!-(8*I*8!K*6&D!N&&U:'&(!K&6&()8A!-()=!E!_[dRe,!T[X[:T[\RD!
a*&7*+6F*,! 2DWD,! ?&++&)*8A,! ZDZD,! 4#)#^6F*,! ;D,! n&+$A#I&),! 2D,! N51*7*&),! CD,! PSTTD! E+! 6*=5!J&(65)&J&+=6! #I! A30)#/&+! 657I*0&,! #G3/&+,! (+0! =&JU&)(=5)&! *+! 0*II56&! I75*06! #I! (+!57=)(J(I*8:A#6=&0! A30)#=A&)J(7! B&+=! I*&70! d.#/(=8A&B,! T`! 0&/)&&6! `_! �! C,! 9*0:H=7(+=*8!K*0/&eb! EJU7*8(=*#+6! I#)! 8A&J#63J1*#=*8! 1(=A3J#0*#7*+! J566&76D! ?A&JD! ?&#UA36D!
?ɼD!TP!dQeb!NOEb!TSDTSPQMPSTT?;SS[X[PD!! !
34
Table 1. Mean environmental conditions in the 12 sampling units on the Tour Eiffel edifice. TdS: total dissolved sulfide, TdFe: total dissolved iron, TdCu: total dissolved copper. Adapted from De Busserolles et al. 2009 and Sarradin et al. 2009. pH and TdCu, n = 2 to 4 samples, T°C measurements taken together with TdS and TdFe : in situ analyses, n = 13 to 19. A single in situ measurement last 90 s and temperature is measured every 5 s during that period. Temperatures associated with Cu sampling are also given. The estimated size of the sampled surface (data from Cuvelier et al. 2012) as well as mean mussel size for each sampling units are also given. Standard deviations are given in parentheses. Highest values are highlighted in bold; lowest values are shaded in gray. The second part of the table indicate the results obtained for each of the three microhabitat identified in the current study. NA : not available. Sampling units T°C pH TdS
µmol l-1 TdFe
µmol l-1 TdCu
µmol l-1
Surface sampled
(m!)
Mean mussel size
(mm)
C1
4.91
(0.47)
6.94
(0.18)
1.50
(0.90)
0.36
(0.44)
1.56
(0.87)
0.062 (0.004)
41.74
(12.92)
C2 6.50 (1.66)
6.01 (0.22)
18.76 (20.38)
1.22 (0.82)
0.25 (0.29)
0.070 (0.012)
66.85 (25.65)
C3 5.35 (0.50)
6.72 (0.20)
3.85 (2.01)
0.36 (0.19)
1.36 (0.21)
0.082 (0.00)
50.77 (12.09)
C4 5.67 (0.50)
6.61 (0.09)
6.97 (5.01)
1.69 (0.77)
2.06 (1.29)
0.049 (0.001)
38.06 (16.98)
C5 5.11 (0.48)
6.87 (0.10)
2.13 (1.00)
0.14 (0.20)
0.80 (0.42)
0.049 (0.004)
29.17 (12.72)
C6 6.04 (0.59)
6.44 (0.04)
12.83 (6.28)
1.13 (0.98)
0.67 (0.43)
0.077 (0.007)
59.33 (8.39)
C7 5.39 (0.30)
6.56 (0.04)
5.11 (3.51)
0.54 (0.36)
1.60 (0.06)
0.01 (0.004)
38.46 (17.69)
C8 7.49 (1.54)
6.03 (0.38)
38.31 (11.94)
3.53 (2.67)
1.62 (1.96)
0.028 (0.002)
74.73 (2.57)
C9 4.79 (0.12)
7.34 (0.13)
1.68 (0.51)
0.30 (0.18)
2.38 (1.37)
0.013 (0.003)
NA
C10 8.79 (2.71)
6.00 (0.38)
40.07 (25.16)
5.25 (3.60)
0.46 (0.65)
0.061 (0.006)
55.11 (21.26)
C11 4.85 (0.26)
6.73 (0.31)
2.62 (1.38)
0.50 (0.37)
0.86 (0.37)
0.033 (0.002)
22.66 (18.07)
C12 4.80 (0.33)
7.18 (0.42)
2.67 (1.22)
0.40 (0.44)
1.96 (1.80)
0.032 (0.002)
34.15 (16.32)
Microhabitats
T°C pH TdS µmol l-1
TdFe µmol l-1
TdCu µmol l-1
Surface sampled
(m!)
Mean mussel size
(mm)
Warm (C2, C8, C10)
7.59 (1.97)
6.01 (0.33)
32.38 (19.16)
3.33 (2.36)
0.77 (0.97)
0.05 (0.02)
52.04 (16.57)
Intermediate (C6)
6.04 (0.59)
6.44 (0.04)
12.83 (6.28)
1.13 (0.98)
0.67 (0.43)
SDSR! 59.33
Cold (C1, C3, C4, C5, C7, C9, C11, C12)
5.11 (0.37)
6.87 (0.18)
3.31 (1.94)
0.54 (0.37)
1.58 (0.81)
SDS`!dSDSPe! [XD`[!dQDSPe!
Table 2. Relative abundance of the macrofaunal taxa identified in the 12 sampling units (C1-C12) distributed on the Eiffel Tower edifice. Undet= undetermined. The taxa were identified
35
to the lowest taxonomical level possible. The highest abundance values are highlighted in bold. Taxonomic groups C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C1
0 C11
C12
Porifera 0.11
0 0 0 0 0 0 0.84
0 0 0 0
Cnidaria-Anthozoa - Actiniaria
0 0 0.09
0 0 0 0 0 14.94
0 0 0
Echinodermata-Ophiuroidea-Ophiuoridae
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.18
0.26
Polychaeta
Archinome sp. 0 0 0.18
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ophryotrocha sp. 7.10
0 1.88
25.59
2.03
0 0 0 0 0 7.28
0
Dorvilleidae undet 0 0 0.09
0 3.32
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Glycera tesselata 0.22
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Glyceridae undet 0.11
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Branchinotogluma sp. 0.55
0 0.09
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Branchinotogluma fisheri 0.11
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.13
Branchinotogluma mesatlantica 0 0.76
0 0 0.11
1.79
0 0 0 0 0.71
0
Branchipolynoe seepensis 17.63
3.80
3.40
4.59
3.32
7.53
1.42
2.52
9.20
17.76
8.17
10.64
Branchipolynoe sp. 0 8.75
0.27
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.17
0
Lepidonotopodium jouinae 0 0.38
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Harmothoinae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.13
Lepidonotinae 0 0 0.27
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.18
0
Polynoidae undet 0.11
0 0 9.17
8.14
4.30
2.13
0 0 0 0.53
0
Laonice asaccata 0.11
0 0.09
0 0.21
0 0 0 0 0 0.18
0
Prionospio unilamellata 0.11
0 0.18
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.36
0.13
Spionidae undet 0 0 0.09
0 0.75
0 0 0 0 0 0 0.51
Amathys lutzi 13.64
14.07
68.45
23.37
29.87
2.15
0.71
3.36
6.90
9.27
10.30
47.56
Ampharetidae undet 0 0 0 0 0.11
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Polychaeta undet 0.55
0 0.09
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.38
Hirudinea 0 0 0 0 0.11
0 0 0 0 0 0 0.13
Bivalvia-Mytilidae
Bathymodiolus azoricus 38.80
22.81
15.01
27.37
41.22
21.86
8.51
5.04
35.25
34.75
28.95
34.87
Gastropoda
36
Caenogastropoda - Rissoidea-Elachisinideae
Laeviphitus desbruyeresi 0 0 0 0.59
0 0 0 0 0 0 0.18
0
Lepetodrilus atlanticus 4.88
0.38
1.79
1.78
1.39
0 1.42
0 0 0 1.60
2.31
Lurifax vitreus 0.11
0 0 0 0.11
0 0 0 1.92
0 0 0
Peltospira smaragdina 0 0 0 0 0 0.36
0 0.84
0 0 0 0
Pseudorimula midatlantica 1.44
0 0.63
0.44
0.11
0.36
0 0.84
0.38
0 2.66
0.77
Archaeogastropoda
Lirapex costellata 0.55
0 0 0 0.64
0 0 0 8.05
0 0.53
0
Protolira valvatoides 10.09
0.38
1.88
2.96
3.75
0 0 0 19.54
0 21.31
1.15
Shinkailepas briandi 0.11
0.38
0 0 0 0 7.80
0.84
0 0 0 0
Nemerta 0 0 0.54
0 0.75
0 0 0 0 0 1.07
0.13
Crustacea
Amphipoda 1.22
0 0 0.89
3.96
23.66
0.71
0.84
1.53
4.63
1.95
0.13
Isopoda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.18
0
Decapoda-Bresilioidea
Alvinocarididae
Mirocaris fortunata 2.22
34.60
3.75
2.66
0 36.56
77.30
63.03
0.38
28.96
3.91
0.26
Chorocaris chacei 0 8.75
0.09
0.30
0 0.36
0 19.33
0 1.16
0 0
Alvinocarididae undet 0 3.04
0.36
0.30
0 0 0 0 0 3.47
0.18
0.26
Decapoda-Brachiura
Segonzacia mesantlantica 0 1.90
0.09
0 0 1.08
0 2.52
0.77
0 0.89
0
Arthropoda-Chelicerata
Pycnogonida 0.22
0 0.71
0 0.11
0 0 0 1.15
0 0.53
0.26
37
Table 3. Global characteristics of the macrofaunal (>250 µm) communities in the 12 sampling units (C1-C12) sampled on the Tour Eiffel edifice. The highest values are highlighted in bold. Sampling
units Total
number of individuals
Total densities (ind. m-
2)
Estimated taxonomic richness
Total number of polychaete
taxa
Total number
of gastropod
taxa
Relative polychaete abundance
(%)
Relative mytilid
abundance (%)
Relative alvinocaridid
abundance (%)
C1 902 14 387 22 11 6 40.2 38.8 2.2
C2 263 3757 13 5 3 27.8 22.8 46.4
C3 1119 13 646 23 12 3 75.1 15.0 4.2
C4 676 13 796 13 4 4 62.7 27.4 3.3
C5 934 19 061 19 9 5 47.9 41.2 0.0
C6 279 3623 11 4 2 15.8 21.9 36.9
C7 141 14 100 8 3 2 4.3 8.5 77.3
C8 119 4250 11 2 3 5.9 5.0 82.4 C9 261 2077 12 2 4 16.1 35.2 0.4
C10 259 4246 7 2 0 27.0 34.7 33.6
C11 563 17 061 23 9 5 35.9 29.0 4.1
C12 780 24 375 18 7 3 59.5 34.9 0.5
Total
6296
41
20
8
3
Table 4. Relative abundance of the different meiofaunal taxa (>250 µm) identified in the 12 sampling units (C1-C12) on the Eiffel Tower edifice. The taxa were identified at the lowest taxonomical level possible. Highest abundances are highlighted in bold. Taxonomic groups C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12
Arthropoda-Chelicerata
Acari-Halacaridae 0 0 0.07 0.01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.02 0
Arthropoda-Crustacea
Ostracoda 0.07 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.01 3.99 2.19 0 0 3.26 0.22 0.04
Tanaidacea 0.02 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.52 0 0.02 0.01
Nematoda
Halomohystera 7.68 94.66 3.27 11.69 4.33 20.15 86.44 83.93 12.19 57.38 10.20 0.96
Cephalochaetosoma 83.48 0 51.89 67.96 34.17 4.13 4.84 3.09 50.24 22.85 47.28 89.85
Leptolaimus 0.48 0.46 17.30 0 19.03 0 1.21 0 0.74 6.32 7.88 0
Paracanthonchus 2.88 0 1.87 0.87 3.46 0 0 1.23 4.06 0.49 1.85 0.96
Desmodora 0 0 6.08 0.87 9.52 0 0 0.62 2.22 0.97 6.95 0
Microlaimus 2.88 0 3.27 2.16 16.87 0.24 1.21 0.62 21.43 2.92 16.69 1.91
Chromadorita 0 0 9.35 3.46 3.46 0 0 0 0.74 4.86 3.71 4.78
Epsilonema 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.43 0 0 0
Syringolaimus 0 0 0 0 0.43 0 0.60 0 0 0 2.78 0
Viscosia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.37 0 0 0
Theristus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.85 0 0 0
Calomicrolaimus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.49 0 0
Enoplidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.62 0 0 0 0
Nematoda undet. 0.01 0 0.77 0 0.47 0 0 0 0 0 0.33 0.30
38
Copepoda Calanoida
Spinocalanoida 0.01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cycloipoida
Cyclopinidae 0.05 0 0.39 0.42 0.47 0 0 0 0 0 0.03 0.23
Oithonidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Harpacticoida Aegisthidae
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.01
0
Ectinosomatidae 0 0 0 0 0.01 0 0.44 0 0 0 0 0
Miraciidae 0.19 1.20 0.56 0.09 0.16 1.14 0 0 0 0 0.05 0.08
Pseudotachidiidae 0.03 0.08 0.01 0.06 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.01
Tegastidae 0.10 0.02 4.89 6.58 7.54 0.46 0 0.52 0 0 0.63 0.85
Tisbidae 0 0 0 0.59 0.02 0 0 0 0 0.16 0 0
Poecilostomatoida
Lubbockiidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.01 0
Siphonostomatoida
Dirivultidae 2.14 3.48 0.21 5.18 0.05 69.90 2.63 9.38 0.22 0.31 1.35 0.02
Copepoda undet. 0.01 0 0 0 0 0 0.44 0 0 0 0.01 0.01
39
Table 5. Global characteristics of the meiofaunal (<250 µM and >63 µM) communities in the twelve sampling units (C1-C12) sampled on the Tour Eiffel edifice. Highest values are highlighted in bold. Sampling units
Total number
of individua
ls
Total number
of nematod
e individua
ls
Total number
of copepod individua
ls
Total densities (ind.
m-2)
Estimated
taxonomic
richness
Total number
of nematode taxa
Total numbe
r of copepod taxa
Total number of other taxa
Relative nematod
e abundance (%)
Relative copepod abundance (%)
C1 19 529 19 038 491 314 984
15 6 7 2 97.5 2.5
C2 6235 5937 298 89 071 7 2 4 1 95.2 4.8
C3 56 859 53 417 3442 693 402
18 8 7 3 93.9 6.1
C4 7917 6894 1023 161 571
14 6 6 2 87.1 12.9
C5 36 605 33 586 3019 747 041
16 9 6 1 91.8 8.2
C6 877 250 627 11 390 7 3 3 1 28.5 71.5 C7 228 220 8 22 800 9 5 3 1 96.5 3.5
C8 192 173 19 6857 8 6 2 0 90.1 9.9
C9 920 918 2 70 769 12 10 1 1 99.8 0.2
C10 645 642 3 10 574 11 8 2 1 99.5 0.5
C11 11 039 10 810 229 334 515
19 9 7 3 97.9 2.1
C12 16 210 16 016 194 506 563
14 6 6 2 98.8 1.2
Total
157256
147901
9355
29
14
12
3
Table 6. Presence/absence of sub-adult/nauplii (<250 µm and > 63 µm) of different copepod families in the 12 sampling units (C1-C12) on the Tour Eiffel edifice.
Copepod families Stages C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C7
C8
C9
C10
C11
C12
Ancorabolidae (Lobopleura) Copepodids
1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
Calanoida Copepodids
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
Copepoda undet. Copepodids
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
Nauplii 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Canthocamptidae (close to Mesochra)
Copepodids
0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0
Nauplii 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1
Cyclopinidae Copepodids
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1
Dirivultidae Copepodids
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1
Nauplii 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0
Ectinosomatidae Copepodids
0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Miraciidae (cf Amphiascus) Copepodids
1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1
Nauplii 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1
Pseudotachidiidae (Xylora) Copepodids
0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1
40
Nauplii 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
Tegastidae (Smacigastes) Copepodids
1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Nauplii 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1
Tisbidae (Tisbe) Copepodids
0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0
41
+
G"46'&+2-,)"#.(+H;-''-I".+&)+-1?+
!!G"4?+>?! dHe!.#8(=*#+!#I! =A&! .58F3!'=)*F&!B&+=! I*&70!#+! =A&!9*0:H=7(+=*8!K*0/&!(=![\gT\D_Q!C,![PgTXQ!nD!N(=(!I)#J!HJ(+=&!(+0!L(F*+6!dPSSQeD!d4e!Z*/A:)&6#75=*#+!1(=A3J&=)*8!J(U!#I!=A&!L*II&7!]#^&)!(8=*B&!A30)#=A&)J(7!&0*I*8&!(+0!7#8(=*#+!#I!=A&!TP!6(JU7*+/!5+*=6!d;T:;TPeD!]A&!TT!J!A*/A!657I*0&!6=)58=5)&!*6!7#8(=&0!*+!=A&!.58F3!'=)*F&!B&+=!I*&70!d[\gT\DPQ�!C,![PgTXD`_�!ne!#+!=A&!9*0:H=7(+=*8!K*0/&,!6#5=A!#I!=A&!H$#)&6D!!
G"4?+ A?! -)*+8*U(7! 8#JU#+&+=! (+(736*6! d-;He!#I! =A&!&+B*)#+J&+=(7! B()*(17&6! �J&(+!0*66#7B&0!8#UU&)! d;5DJ&(+e! (+0! 657I*0&! d'DJ&(+e,! J&(+! =&JU&)(=5)&! d]8DJ&(+e! (+0! J&(+! UZ!dUZDJ&(+e�!J&(65)&0!#+!=A&!TP!6(JU7*+/!5+*=6!d;T:;TPe!6=50*&0!#+!=A&!L*II&7!]#^&)!&0*I*8&D!]A&!I*)6=!(G*6!&GU7(*+6!\RDPs!#I!=A&!B()*(+8&!*+!=A&!&+B*)#+J&+=(7!0(=(!^A*7&!(G*6![!&GU7(*+6![DPsD!]A&!6(JU7*+/!5+*=6!#+!=A&!7&I=:A(+0!6*0&!)&U)&6&+=!8#70!J*8)#A(1*=(=6!^A*7&!=A#6&!#+!=A&! )*/A=:A(+0! 6*0&! )&U)&6&+=! ^()J! J*8)#A(1*=(=6D! ;X! )&U)&6&+=6! (+! *+=&)J&0*(=&!J*8)#A(1*=(=D!
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