Author Index

A

Abberton, E., 128, 217 Abbott, J., 49 Abbs, J.H., 27, 57-58, 60-61, 63-64,

67-68, 70-71, 125, 130-131, 217, 246-251, 253-255

Abercrombie, D., 353, 357 Abramson, A., 198,210 Abry, C., 28 Adams, M.R., 4, 127, 129, 155, 177,

181, 185, 197-198, 222, 229, 248, 274, 296, 329, 337, 395

Agnello, J., 178, 210, 229-230, 248, 308, 318

Alfonso, P.J., 14, 83, 91, 125, 128, 130, 142, 145, 177, 198, 200, 205, 210, 248, 329, 394

Allen, G.D., 222-223, 329, 332-333, 354, 357, 397

Alme, A.M., 260 Amster, B., 325 Anand, D. K., 162, 165, 168 Anderson, M. E., 68 Anderson, W.C., 49 Andrews, G., 3, 7, 10, 15, 119, 131,

168, 185, 215, 217, 250, 255, 338, 395

Argyle, M., 401 Aron, M., 317 Asendorpf, J., 288 Atal, B.5., 98 Atkeson, C., 57 Austin, W. T.5., 367 Azrin, N.H., 230

B

Baer, T., 13-14,30,34,83,91,128, 142, 210, 271, 394

Baken, R., 84, 125-126, 128, 223, 255 Bakker, K., 8 Bardrick, R.A., 400 Barlow, 5. M., 130, 248 Ba rr, H., 120 Barret, R.5., 8 Barry, W., 28 Basmajian, J., 130-131, 217 Bateson, E.V., 27, 58, 63, 67, 146,

246 Becker, W., 64

Bell, J., 13, 125, 209, 216, 222-223, 338, 398

Benguerel, A., 131, 259 Benoit, C., 28 Bergmann, G., 330, 393-398, 401, 403 Berkowitz, M., 395 Berman, A.J., 58 Bernstein, N.A., 26, 60 Berrian, R.W., 49 Berti, F., 259 Bindewald, R.A., 296 Bizzi, E., 58, 63 Black, J.W., 355 Bless, D.M., 127, 217 Blood, G., 120 Bloodstein, 0., 34, 124,317,400 Borden, G., 13, 58, 128, 142, 210,

271, 394 Bossom, J., 58 Boves, L., 13-14, 105-106, 191, 230,

287, 290, 292, 296 Branderud, P., 261 Branscom, M., 120 Brash, H.M., 367 Brewer, D., 4, 128-130, 155, 197,

209, 229, 238, 295, 371, 374, 379 Brinkman, C., 68 Brocaar, M.P., 103, 128 Brokx, J.P.L., 330 Brooks, V.B., 71 Browman, C., 31, 33 Brown, 5. F., 362 Brumlik, J., 151 Brutten, G., 7-8, 120, 295, 318 Bryant, B., 401

c Camarda, R., 59 Cannito, M., 155 Canter, G., 318, 320 Carlson, J., 261 Carpenter, M. B., 59 Caruso, A., 120, 125-126, 128, 130,

132, 210, 223, 255 Casper, J., 130 Cavallo, S., 125-126, 128, 223, 255 Cerf, A., 131,245-247,252 Chang, J.J., 98 Chapin, J.K., 68 Cherry, C., 357 Childers, D.G., 90, 103, 128

'110 Author Index

Chomsky, N., 26 Chung, N., 130 Ciambrone, S.W., 395 Close, L., 155 Cody, F.W.J., 65 Coffman, K., 49 Cohen, L.G., 68 Cohen, M.H., 143 Cohn, D.E., 84-85, 198 Cole, K.J., 63-64, 130, 248 Collier, R., 34 Colton, R., 125-132, 155, 245, 255 Connell, D., 322, 325 Conture, E.G., 4, 119-120, 123-130,

132, 155, 197, 209-210, 215-217, 222-224, 229, 238, 245, 255, 295-296, 357, 371, 374, 379

Cooke, J.D., 57 Cooker, H., 317 Cooper, E.B., 393 Cooper, F. S., 130, 198, 390 Cooper, M.H., 222-223, 329, 332-333,

397 Cooper, W. E., 165 Cordo, P.J., 63 Correll, R.E., 151 Costello, J.M., 288 Coulter, J.D., 68 Cowan, H., 259 Craig, A., 185, 395 Cranen, B., 106 Cross, D.E., 4, 9, 177, 198,337 Crutcher, M. D., 59, 68 Cudahy, E., 125, 128, 130, 132 Cullinan, W., 128 Curlee, R., 318

D

Daly, D., 119 Darley, F., 120,295,396 Darwin, C., 353 Day, B., 58 Decker, T., 152 Deecke, l., 64 Dejonckere, P., 128 Delaney, C.M., 9 Delattre, P.C., 390 Delong, M. R., 59, 68, 245 Dew, D., 299 Dewar, A., 367 Dewar, A. W., 367 Dichgans, J., 63 DiSimoni, F., 128, 329, 333 Dobson, l., 152, 155 Donovan, A., 353 Doornenbal, P., 105 Dorman, M., 303 Dossey, l., 125 Douglass, E., 215 Dozsa, M., 7, 10, 15, 338 Dreyer; D. A., 59 Dubner, R., 68 Duffy, F., 153 Dwyer, N.J., 131 Dykes, R.W., 59

E

Easton, T. A., 27

Edward, J., 131 Evarts, E.G., 58, 68

F

Faaborg-Andersen, K., 271 Fagel, W., 287, 290 Fairbanks, G., 355 Fant, G., 99, 365, 385, 390 Feldman, M., 155 Fentress, J.C., 58 Feyer, A.M., 185, 395 Fibiger, S., 132, 245, 252, 269, 382 Fiedler, P.A., 402 Finitzo-Hieber, T., 152 Finitzo, T., 155 Fitch, H.l., 44 Flanagan, J. l., 99, 105, 110, 374-375 Florance, C. L., 230 Folkins, J., 27, 58, 63,121,125,130,

246, 255 Ford, S., 13, 132,245 Forgas, J.P., 394-395, 398, 401 Forner, l., 318, 322 Fourcin, A., 89, 128, 217, 233 Fowler, C.A., 26-27, 32, 58, 63, 67,

246, 353-355, 357 Frank, J.S., 44 Frankish, C., 358 Franklin, S., 4, 9, 329, 333, 337 Freeman, F., 4-5, 8, 128-130, 152,

155, 197, 209-210, 222, 224, 229, 238, 241, 245, 296, 324

French, J.l., 110 Frick, R.W., 403 Fritzell, B., 151, 291 Fujimura, 0., 143 Fujisaki, H., 34 Fukuda, T., 27 Furnham, A., 401 Furst, L., 154, 230

G

Gauffin, J., 291 Gay, T., 130, 247, 255, 259 Gelfer, C.E., 34 Gentil, M., 28 Gentilucci, M., 59 Georgopoulos, A., 59, 68 Gerling, 1.,152,155 Gervens, A., 275 Ghez, C., 68 Gibson, J.J., 26 Gilbert, B., 130 Gilbert, H. R., 128, 210, 217, 318,

329, 337 Gleason, J., 119 Godschalk, M., 68 Goldiamond, I., 355 Goldman, M., 34, 84, 126 Goldsmith, H., 4, 131, 198, 245-248,

252, 337 Goldstein, L., 31, 33 Goodwin, G .M., 65 Gordon, A.M., 43 Gordon, P., 12 Gottwald, S., 318, 321, 323 Gough, K., 317 Gow, W., 288

Gracco, V.l., 57-58, 60-61, 63-64, 67-68, 70-71, 125, 246-251, 253-255

Graham, J.A., 401 Gray, A. H ., 99 Greene, P.H., 44 Gregory, H., 119, 230 Greim, D., 49 Grillner, S., 28, 58 Gross, J., 401 Grozinger, B., 64 Guitar, B.E., 7, 10, 15, 127, 131,

217, 250, 255, 338 Gutkin, B., 11,329,337,394

H

Hahn, E.F., 362, 401 Halata, Z., 59 Halle, M., 26 Halsband, U., 68 Hamlet, S., 131 Hammarberg, B., 291 Hanley, J.M., 197, 245 Hanson, R.J., 131,249 Hardcastle, W.J., 383 Haroldson, K.H., 10,286-287 Harrington, J.M., 168, 384 Harris, K.S., 4, 28-29, 34, 44, 70,

125, 130, 259, 303 Harris, M., 119, 215 Harrison, L.M., 65 Hawkins, B., 44 Hayden, P., 4, 177, 181, 198, 248,

275, 329, 337 Healey, E.C., 11, 128,329,337,

393-394 Hedin, A., 9 Hejna, R.F., 395 Hely, E., 152 Hencke, W., 26 Henry, F.M., 42 Herpt, l., 287, 290 Heuer, R., 325 Hieber, T., 152, 155 Hill, D. R., 230, 397 Hillman, R.E., 128, 210, 318, 329,

337, 375-376 Hirose, H., 34, 130-131 Hirschman, P., 4, 177, 181,248,337 Hixon, T., 34, 84, 126, 130 Hoddinott, S., 185,395 Holland, T., 319, 321 Hollerbach, J., 57 Holt, K.G., 44 Honda, K., 131 Hood, S.B., 400 Hoodin, R., 128, 217 Horak, F.B., 68 Horii, Y., 337 Horowitz, l., 9 Howe, S., 152 Howell, P., 361 Howie, P., 7, 10, 15, 168, 185, 338,

395 Huggins, A., 322, 354 Hughes, J., 120 Hughes, C.M., 57 Hulstijn, W., 46, 185, 329 Hunker, C.J., 127, 217

Author Index 411

Hutchinson, J., 132, 245

Ingham, R.J., 275, 286, 288 Ingram, D., 319 Inhoff, A.W., 43 Ishida, H., 143 Ishizaka, K., 110, 374-375 Isley, C., 131,217 Ito, M., 57 Itoh, K., 143

J

James, W., 42 Janssen, P., 8, 329, 333, 337-338,

343, 345 Jassem, W., 397 Jayaram, M., 12 Jeffress, L., 132 Jensen, P.J., 299 Johnson-Laird, P.N., 32 Johnson, L., 13, 125, 209, 216,

222-223, 338, 398 Johnson, S., 9 Johnson, W., 120, 295, 362, 396 Johnston, R., 12, 323 Jordahl, N., 248, 337

K Kaas, J.H., 59 Kalil, R., 63 Kay, B., 146 Keele, S.W., 42-44, 185 Kelsey, C., 130-131 Kelso, J. A. S., 6, 27-33, 35, 44, 58,

63, 67, 70, 125, 130-131, 146, 246, 303, 347

Kennedy, J.G., 130-131,217 Kenney, M., 13, 128, 210 Kenney, U. K., 394 Kent, R., 6, 130, 209, 216, 222, 259,

302, 318, 322 Khan, I., 361 Kim, R., 59 King, T., 130-131 Kiritani, S., 131, 143 Kitzing, P., 128 Kizziar, P.A., 12,323 Klapp, S.T., 48-49 Klatt, D., 130 Klich, R., 9 Knoll, R.l., 43, 45-46, 48-49, 185 Knott, J.R., 151 Koike, Y., 230 Kooiman, P .. , 287 Kornhuber, H.H., 64 Kots, Ya. M ., 28 Kowal, S., 322, 325 Krause, R., 401-403 Kriebel, R., 403 Krishnamurthy, A.K., 90, 103, 128 Kroll, R.M., 400 Kuehn, D. P., 28, 125, 130, 165 Kugler, P. N., 44 Kuksht, M.J., 131,223 Kuypers, H.G.J.M., 68

'112 Author Index

L

Lofqvist, A., 90, 128, 210, 229, 238 Ladd, D. R., 403 Lancker, D., 318, 320 Lane, H.l., 361 Langova, J., 401 Larar, J., 90, 128 Larson, C. R., 65 Lashley, K.S., 25, 42 Lass, N.J., 165 Laszlo, J .1., 42 Leanderson, R., 131 Lechner, B.K., 393 Lecluse, F.L.E., 103, 128 Lehiste, I., 322, 330, 391 Leinonen, L., 59 Lemon, R. N ., 68 Lenneberg, E.H., 355 Leonard, R.J., 162 Lewis, J., 275 Leyhausen, P., 333 Liberman, A.M., 390 Liberman, M., 403 Lindblom, B., 33,131,247,255,385 Lingo, W.M., 49 Linker, W., 259 Lisker, L., 198,210 Lohr, F., 119-120, 215 Lotzmann, G., 363 Love, L., 132 Lubker, J., 247, 255, 259, 261 Luchsinger, R., 217 Luper, H.l., 4, 9, 13, 132, 177, 198,

245, 337 Luschei, E.S., 65, 247, 250, 255

M

MacCurtain, F., 128, 217 MacNeil age, P.F., 33, 57, 131, 247,

249 Malecot, A., 12, 323 Maravilla, K., 155 Marcus, S., 358 Ma rkel, J. D., 99 Marsden, C.D., 27, 58, 63 Martin, J.G., 320, 353 Martin, R. R., 10, 286-287 Mathews, M.V., 98 May, G., 9 McAdam, D.W., 152 McAllister, R., 259, 261 McCall, G., 4, 128, 130, 154, 197,

209, 229, 238, 295, 371, 374, 379 McClean, M., 131,245-247,252 McFarlane, S.C., 178-179, 181, 260,

337 McGarr, N.S., 90, 128 McGuigan, F.J., 300 McHugh, A., 353 McKenna, T.M., 59 McManus, D.A., 125-126, 128, 223, 255 Mead, J., 34, 84,126 Mermelstein, P., 30 Merton, P.A., 27, 63 Merzenich, M.M., 59 Metz, D., 121, 125, 127-128, 130, 197,

210, 245 Meyers, S., 324-325

Michel, C., 217 Milsum, J.H., 162 Minifie, F., 130-131, 259, 317 Molitor, R., 124, 128, 130, 217, 245,

255 Moll, K., 28 Monsell, S., 43, 45-49, 185 Montgomery, A.A., 4, 317, 337 Moore, G., 90, 128 Moore, P., 151 Morasso, P., 63 Morton, H.B., 27,63 Morton, J., 358 Mountcastle, V.B., 59 Muakkassa, K.F., 59 Muller, E., 130 Mullins, P.A., 46 Munger, B.L., 59 Munhall, K.G., 28, 57 Myers, F., 118 Myers, M., 5, 318

N

Naik, J., 90, 128 Nakano, K., 59 Nashner, L.M., 63 Neilson, M., 185,395 Neilson, P.D., 131,217,250,255 Nelson, R.J., 59 Ng, T., 128,217 Nijs, H.G.T., 68 Nixon, M., 155 Nooteboom, S. G., 330 Nunn, R.G., 230 Nyman, G., 59

o O'Dwyer, N.J., 217 Obeso, J., 58 Oeberg, K., 130 Onslow, M., 288 Osgood, C.E., 288 Ostry, D.J., 57 Oxtoby, E., 120

p

Parush, A., 57 Passing ham, R., 68 Patterson, R., 120 Pearlman, R., 9 Perkell, J.S., 57, 143 Perkins, W.H., 13, 125,209,216,

222-223, 230, 338, 395, 398 Perkins, W.P., 318 Peters, H.F.M., 13-14, 191,287,296,

329 Petersen, I., 151 Peterson, G., 391 Pfister, K., 217 Phillips, C,G., 59 Phillips, J., 324 Pierrehumbert, J., 403 Pinsky, S.D., 152 Pisa, M., 68 Polit, A., 58 Porter, H.V.K., 401 Porter, R., 59, 68

Potter, C.R., 128,217 Powell, D.J., 361 Preus, A., 119, 215 Prins, D., 119-120, 178-179, 181, 215,

260, 337 Prosek, R., 4, 177, 317, 337

Q

Quarrington, B., 215 Quinn, J.T., Jr., 44 Quinn, P.T., 250, 255

R

Rabiner, L.R., 101 Rabuzzi, D., 155 Raibert, M.H., 43 Rasdol'skii, W.A., 400 Reed, C., 120 Reed, G., 130 Reich, A., 4, 198, 248, 337 Reid, J., 131 Reimann, A., 329, 333 Reis, R., 4, 197 Reish, J., 155 Remez, R., 26, 32 Rentschler, G., 119 Richardson, F.C., 401 Riemenschnieder, S., 197 Riley, G., 120, 198 Riley, J., 120 Ringel, R.L., 162 Riordan, 63 Rizzolatti, G., 59 Robe, E., 151 Rogers, D.E., 42 Rooii, J.J. de" 330 Rosenbaum, D.A., 43 Rosenfield, D. B., 165 Ross, E., 155 Rothenberg, M.A., 106, 124, 128-130,

132, 217, 245, 255 Rothwell, J. C., 58, 63 Rubin, P., 26, 30-32 Rudas, J., 125, 209, 216, 222-223, 398 Ryan, B. P., 198, 230

s Sabin, E., 322, 325 Sacco, P., 128 Sackner, M.A., 84-85, 127, 198, 217 Sagerman, R., 130 Saltzman, E., 29-31, 33, 60, 146 Samar, V., 128 Sander, E., 317 Sanes, J., 58 Sawashima, M., 131 Sayers, B., 357 Sayles, D.G., 151 Scandolara, C., 59 SchiiferskUpper, P., 329, 393 Schaefer, S., 152, 155 Schafer, R.W., 101 Schaffer, E., 9 Schell, G.R., 59 Scherer, K.R., 403 Schied, P., 64 Schilling, A., 393

Author Index 413

Schmidt, R.A., 33, 43-44, 185 Schmidt, R. F., 59 Schmitt, L. S., 393 Schvey, M., 198 Schwartz, D.M., 4, 317, 337 Schwartz, H. D., 119-120, 128, 130,

215-217, 223 Schwartz, M.F., 230 Scripture, E.W., 393 Seider, R., 120 Sellden, U., 151 Sessle, B.J., 59, 68 Shadden, B.B., 198 Shaiman, S., 58, 63 Shames, G.H., 230 Shapiro, A.I., 4-5, 8, 132, 155, 197,

205, 210, 229, 245, 255, 296 Shapiro, C.W., 395 Shattuck-Hufnagel, S., 26 Shawker, M.D., 143 Sheehan, J.G., 245, 362, 400 Shepherd, J.N., 151 Sherman, D., 317 Sherrington, C.S., 27 Shields, J.L., 353 Shipley, K.G., 178, 181, 337 Shoemaker, D., 7 Shoup, J.E., 165 Silverman, K.E.A., 403 Skinner, B.F., 33 Skolnick, M. L., 155 Smigo, T., 4, 9, 329, 333, 337 Smith, A., 65, 197, 247, 250, 255 Smith, K.L., 59 Snider, R., 48 Snow, C., 324 Soderberg, G., 318 Sondhi, M.M., 375 Sonies, B.C., 143 Sorenson, J.M., 165 Spilka, B., 355 Spriestersbach, D., 120, 295, 396 Springer, M., 128 Stacker, K.H., 403 st. Louis, K., 185 St. Onge, A., 119 Stager, S., 152 Standop, R., 402 Stanton, G.B., 59 Starkweather, C.W., 4-5, 9, 12, 34,

129, 177, 181, 248, 317-319, 321, 323, 329, 333, 337, 394-395

Starr, A., 68 Steedman, M.J., 32 Stein, R. B., 57 Stelmach, G.E., 46 Sternberg, S., 43, 45-49, 185 Stock, E., 330, 333 Stocker, B., 120 Stocks, J., 13, 222-223, 338 Stoeckel, C.M., 8 Stone, M., 143 Stott, F., 84-85, 198 Strick, P. L., 59 Stromsta, C., 132, 205, 245, 252, 267,

269, 274, 373, 382, 390 Studdert-Kennedy, M., 33 Suci, G.J., 288 Sundberg, J., 291, 385 Sur, M., 59

11111 Author Index

Sussman, H.M., 131,249 Svab, L., 401

T

Tagliasco, V., 63 Tanji, J., 68 Tannenbaum, P. H., 288 Tannenbaum, R.S., 4, 177, 181, 248,

337 Tasto, D.L., 401 Taub, E., 58 Taylor, A., 65 Taylor, I. K., 362 Teager, H., 106 Teager, S., 106 Terbeek, D., 318, 320 Terzuolo, V., 28, 44 Teulings, H.L., 46 Thach, W. T., 68 Thomas, P., 58 Tiffany, W., 318 Till, J., 4, 198, 248,337 Tobey, E., 35 Tolkmitt, F., 403 Tranel, B., 361 Traub, M.M., 58, 63 Travis, L.E., 393 Triden, K.A., 10, 286-287 Trower, P., 401 Tuerk, J.D., 68 T u key, J. W., 98 Tuller, B.H., 27-30, 32-33, 44, 58,

63, 67, 70, 125, 131, 246, 303, 347, 354, 357

Tuma, G., 63 Turvey, M. T., 25-26, 32, 44 Tye, N., 35

U

Umeda, N., 12,318,320 Ushijima, T., 4-5, 8, 128, 130-131,

155, 197, 209-210, 224, 245, 296

v Vaane, E., 337, 345 Van den Berg, J.W., 105, 230 Van der Burg, J., 68 Van der Meulen, S., 8 Van Galen, G., 46, 185 Van Riper, C., 125, 165, 197, 209,

222, 229, 252, 260, 296, 302, 307, 333, 354, 371-372, 381, 390, 394, 400-401

Verschuure, J., 103, 128 Viviani, P., 28, 44 Voas, R.B., 245 Von Lotzmann, G., 355

Vossius, G., 164

W

Wakita, H., 101 Walden, B.E., 4, 317, 337 Wall, M., 4, 34, 118 Wallbott, H.G., 288 Wallen, P., 58 Watkin, K.L., 125, 130-131,245 Watson, B.C., 91, 142, 394 Watson, H., 35, 84-85, 125, 127-128,

130, 145, 177, 198, 200, 205, 210, 217, 248, 329

Webster, L., 295, 318 Webster, M., 154, 230 Webster, R. L., 230, 287, 291, 303 Wedin, L., 291 Weinberg, B., 375-376 Weismer, G., 127, 217 Weisshaut, R., 84-85, 198 Weissman, K., 126 Whitehead, B., 128 Whitehead, R., 128 Wh itsel, B. L., 59 Wieneke, G.H., 329-333, 337-345 Wiesendanger, M., 59 Williams, D., 120, 295 Winer, B.J., 288 Wingate, M.E., 3, 210, 229, 307, 318,

354, 357, 381-382, 395, 400 Wischner, G., 7 Wise, S.P., 68 Witten, I. H ., 397 Woodward, D.J., 68 Woollacott, M., 63 Wright, C.E., 43, 45-46, 48-49,185 Wyatt, E.P., 49

Y

Yoshioka, H., 229, 238 Young, F., 49 Young, J.Z., 59 Young, L.R., 164 Young, M.A., 4, 317, 400

Z Zagzebski, J., 130-131 Zahorian, S., 105-106 Zantema, J. T., 105 Zebrowski, P., 125, 128, 132 Zelaznik, H.N., 44 Zimbardo, P.G., 401 Zimmermann, G., 5, 7, 35, 63, 132,

185, 197, 224, 245, 247, 255, 260, 296, 302-303, 317

Subject Index

A

Abdominal compression, 203 Accent, 395-397 Acoustic analysis, 132, 281, 284, 286,

291-295, 371-380 amplitude envelope, 300, 310-315 formant frequency transitions,

382-390 fourier analysis, 153, 165-166, 393 fundamental frequency, 164-167,

292-293, 393 modular frequency, 165-167 pertubation coefficient, 292 power spectra, 375-380 repetitions, 371-380 spectographic analysis, 268-270,

383-390 speech rate, 292 vowel onglide, 387-391 vowel target, 387-391 waveform, 130

Acoustic inferences of glottal activity 128

Acoustic model of speech, 99-102 Acoustic model of speech production

99-103, Acoustic speech signal, 99 Action plan, 25 Action theory, 6-7, 22, 25-30 Adaptation/ adaptive strategy, 224 Aerodynamic functions, 229-243 Affect control, 403-404 Altered auditory feedback, see Feed-

back, auditory Analysis models, 81, 113 Anemometry, 106 ARMA analysis techniques, 114 Articulation

anticipation time, 188-194, 250-265 articulatory effort, 231, 239-242 articulatory rate, 282, 317-326 articulatory posture, 371, 374,

381-382 articulatory synthesizer, 374 coarticulation, 26, 267-270, 381-391 coarticulatory timing, 390 compensatory behavior, 98, 250-255 coordination, 144-147, 245-250

displacement amplitude, 147-149 displacement velocity relation, 148 interarticulory coordination, 213,

371-374 kinematics, 142 lablal co-articulation, 254-265 measurement in children, 130-132 movements, 23, 146, 211 pea k velocity, 147-149 postures, 381-382 quality, 291 rate, 317-326 timing, 70, 390

Auditory brainstem responses, 152 Autocorrelation techniques, 102

B

BEAM, see Brain electrical activity mapping

Brain electrical activity mapping, 81, 151-158

c Children, speech research in, 117-132

articulation, 130-132 behavioral and subject definitions,

118-121 instrumental considerations, 124-132 laryngeal behavior, 128-130 methodological issues, 121-124 procedural issues, 121-124 respi ration, 126-127 subject induced errors, 116-118

Cineradiography, 91, 142, 296 Closed loop systems, 161 Coarticulation, see Articulation Communication, 394, 398-405

affect control, 403-404 consequences of, 401 ego-involvement, 402 responsibility, 399, 401-403

Computer metaphor, see Computer speech model

Computer speech model, 32 Control of speech movements, 58-71 Coordinative structures, 4, 22, 26-30,

44 history, 27

'-116 Subject Index

period and latency relationship 28-29,

temporal characteristics, 28 Coordination, see Speech motor coordi­

nation, Timing Cortical representation, 59

o DAF, see Delayed auditory feedback Deafferentation studies, 42, 58 Delayed auditory feedback, see Feed-

back, auditory Demands and capacities model, 321 -325 Demographic data, 119 Differential deficit hypothesis, 198, 205 Discoordination disorder, stuttering as

209, 223 Disfluency

E

effect speech condition, 190 effect speech task, 190 percentage, 190-191 types, 215

EEG, see Electro-encephalography EGG, see Electroglottog raphy Electrical analogon model, 109-110 Electro-encephalography, 81, 151 - 1 52 Electrog lottog raphy

advantages/disadvantages, 89-90, 103-105

EGG electrodes, 129 experimental data, 189-193, 211-213,

217, 219-224, 233-239, 271 -273, 339-343, 346-352

i nterp retation movement artifacts, 90, 104

measurement model, 103-105 outcomes of, 6 recording of vocal fold activity, 189 snap back phenomenon, 6 study, 128-1 30 vocal fold position, 89, 104 wave form, 91

Electromyog raphy experimental data, 213 laryngeal muscle activity, 189-1 93 lip movement, 261-264 lip muscle activity, 178-182,

189-193, 217, 219-224 perioral muscles, 248-255 surface EMG, 131, 217

Electropalatography, 91, 381 -391 EMG, see Electromyography Emotional factors and processes, 284,

393-404 Equation of constraint, 26 Etiological classification of stutterers,

215 Evaluation of therapy, 285-294 Evoked potentials, 152, 154 Eye movements, 8

F

Feedback, auditory altered conditions feedback, 283,

361-368 delayed auditory feedback, 283,

339-343, 353-359, 361-368 frequency-shifted feedback 361 -368

Fiberoptic endoscopy, 205 Fiberoptic/transillumination system, 87 Fluency enhancement, 3, 9-10 Fluency enhancing conditions, 3, 7,

10-11, 175, 283, 337-343 Foreperiod, 187-193, 198-205 Formant, 382-390

frequency analysis, 372 tracking, 101 transitions, 372-373, 382-390

Fundamental frequency, see Acoustic analysis

G

Glottal ai rflow, 105- 112 Glottal attack, 308 Glottal flow measurement models

109-112 Glottis, volume velocity, 374-375

H

Handwriting, 41, 43, 45-51

Impulse timing model, 44 I nductance plethysmography, see

Respitrace system Infrared LED tracking, 92-94 I nitiation of speech utterances, 187,

296-303, 307-309 I nitiation time, 186, 221 -222

type of task, 191-193 word length, 191-193

Inspiratory gestures, 200 Intervocalic interval, 319 Intonation, physiological control of 34 Intraoral pressure, 271-273 Intraphonemic disruptions, 176,

267-277 I nvasive techniques, 97 Inverse filtering technique, 106, 129

J

Jaw movement, 144-149, 212

L

Labial movements, see Lip movements Language functions

accent, 395-397 i nton ation, 403 pauses, 332-334 prosody, 333, 393-404 rhythmic constraints, 320 segment duration, 339-342, 345-352 speech rate, 345-352 stress, 394-398, 403 stress contrast, 320 suprasegmental timing, 394 syllable du ration, 329-324 syntax, 320

time structu re, 329 transitional subsegments, 319 vowel duration, 329-330 word position, 190, 365

Laryngeal behavior, Larynx activity, 4, 128-130, 210, 274-277 behavior, 177, 295 control, 284, 371, 379-380 coordination of movements, see

Speech motor coordination duration of movements, 337-343 function, 86-90, 179, 224 kinematics, 86-90 measurement of function, 103-105 onset, 270, see also Voice onset reaction time, see Reaction time

studies sen sori mechanics , 246 supralaryngeal coordi nation, 209-214 therapy strategies, 230

Larynx, see Laryngeal behavior Latency time, 186

experimental data, 250-255 type of task, 191-192 word length 191-192

Linear prediction analysis, 99-102 model, 101 technique, 99

Linguistics control loop, 167-168 program, 354-356 prosodies, 393 rhythm, 353, 357 variables, 12, 15

Lip movements, 175, 212, 259-264 coarticulation, 175-176, 259-265,

269-270 coordination, 245-255 EMG recordings, 178-182, 217,

219-224 kinematic adjustments, 253-254 labial kinematics, 259-265 pertubation, 247-252 reaction time, 178-183, 186,

191-194, LP, see Linear prediction Lung volume, 88

M

Manual reaction time, 9 Masking, auditory, 275-276 Masking noise, 339-343, 362-365 Masker, the Edinburgh, 362-365 Mass-spring model, 6, 44 Measurement techniques, see Acoustic

analysis, Brain electrical activity mapping, Electro-encephalo­graphy, Electromyography, Elec­tropalatography Evoked poten­tials, I nvasive techniques, Pho­toglottography, Stuttering sever­ity, Subglottal airpressure

Metronome speech, 357 Middle ear muscles, 9 Modulation frequency, 165 Motor behavior

buffer, 45 control, 57-75, 303

Subjext Index '117

coordination, see Motor coordination equivalence, 31, 57 memory, 44 plan, see Movement program(ming), 41-51, 63-68, 194,

354-356 Motor coordination, 186

laryngeal, 229 phonation and articulation, 191-194 respiration and phonation, 84, 89,

299 sensory motor control, 58-60,

246-247 speech rate, 318 thoracic and abdominal movements,

84 timing relationships, 84, 191-194,

211 Motor programming

complexity, 42, 48-51, 187, 191-193 motor activation, 64 motor behavior, 22, 41-51 parameterization, 64, 70 peripheral vs. central programming,

43 program vs. programming process,

43-44, 67, 186-187 prosody, 284, 395 sensory feedback, 23, 42-43, 65,

70, speech motor behavior, 186, 194,

354-356 task conditions, 187 theoretical concept, 41-51, 63-68 tuning, 64 utterance length, 185-186

Movement cha racteristics, 63 class, 70 complexity, 48-51 goal, 60 plan, 33, 60, 62, 168 time, 46

Movement disorder, stuttering as a, 7, 185

Multidimensional research approach, 83 Multidimensional measurement, see

Simultaneous measurement Multilevel control model, 57-71

motor execution, 60-69

N

motor planning, 60-69 predictive information, 65-69 sensory information, 58-71

Naturalness scale, 289 Negative feedback control systems,

161, 167 Neo-Gibsonianism, 26 Neurological control dynamics, 154 Newton's law, 162 Noi se, effect of, 11

o Oculomotor behavior, 8 Onset of physiological processes, 220,

223-224 Onset of speech, 185-187, 245

'118 Subject Index

Open loop systems, 161 Optical tracking system

advantages/disadvantages, 92 peak velocity, 94

Orofacial sensorimotor system, 59 Overarticulation, 15 Overcontrol processes, 403

p

Parameterization, 31, 64 Particle velocity, 108 Peak detection, 102 Perceptual center, 358 Perceptual fluency, 21, 210, 245,

274-275 Perceptual judgement, 210, 273-274 Perceptual rating scales, 281, 286-291 Perioral reflex, 250-255 Pertubation, 175, 246

resistance to, 35 studies, 23, 246 techniques, 246-255

PGG, see Photoglottography Phase margin, 168 Phase plane analysis, 29 Phase relationship, 212 Phonation, see Laryngeal behavior

Ishizaka and Flanagan model, 110, 375

mass-spring model, 6, 44, 105-106 Phon atory control loop, 167- 1 68 Phonatory disturbance, 267 Phonetic categories measu rements,

309-315 Phonetic transition, 381 -382 Photoelectroglottog ram, 104, 106-107 Photoglottog raphy, 104-105 Physiological fluency, 210 Physiological measurements, see Brain

electrical activity mapping (BEAM), Cineradiography, Elec­tro encephalog raphy (EEG), Electroglottography (EGG), Elec­tromyography (EMG), Evoked potentials, Invasive techniques, Palatography, Photoglottography (PGG), Subglottal air pressure

Physiological stuttering, 5, 307 Physiological tremor, 212 Pitch

level, 291 pertubation, 292-293 voice pitch, 367-368

Pole-zero models, 114 Precision fluency shaping program,

282, 287-303 Prephonatory gestu res, 199-206 Preprogramming, 42-43, 193-196 Prepositioning of articulators, 302 Pressure gradient, 108 Programming, see Motor programming Prosodic disturbance, stuttering as a,

393-404 Psycho-social variables, 215 Pulmonary control, 378-380 Pulsatile flow, 107-108 Pyramidal control of the larynx, 156

R

Rate of speech, 5, 12, 168, 345-352 parental rate of speech, 323-325 speech rate variations, 345-352

Rating instrument, 287-291 Reaction-time studies, 9, 45, 173-174,

177-178, 185, 197, 394 experimental data, 179- 182, 190-195 manual RT, 333 outcomes of, 4, 177, 185, 197-198,

210, 329, 333, 337 paradigm, 174, 187, 197 single vs. choice reaction paradigm,

49-51 stimulus effect, 190-193 stimulus modality, 190-193 task conditions, 190-193

Reading chorus reading, 339-343 rhythmic reading, 339-343

Recording techniques, see Measurement techniques

Relative timing, 44, 211 Response latencies, 250-255 Respi ration/ respi ratory

compression, 174 coordination with laryngeal system,

89, 198-206 function, 84-86, 230 inflation, 199 kinematics, 84-86 measurement, 124-127 mercury strain gauge, 125 movements, 200-206 posturing, 34 pressure, 203 respitrace, see Respitrace strategies, 230 therapeutical strategies, 230

Respitrace advantages/disadvantages, 84-86 calibration, 85 children, 126-127 experimental data, 145-147, 198-206,

217, 219-224 signals, 88 system, 85

Rhythm, 354-355, 357, 403 external support, 3, 15

s

rhythmic constraints of language, 320-321

Sampling rate, 154 Schwa, 267-274, 371-390 Second-order systems, 33 Segmental variability, 283 Segment duration, 339-342, 345-352 Sensorimotor mechanisms, 58-63, 68-70 Sensory information, 58, 248 Simultaneous measurement, 83-84, 173

experimental data, 191 -196, 200-205, 211 -216

intervals, 186 limitations/possibilities, 83-89 methodological aspects, 83-89,

102-108

respitrace and transillumination, 87-89

types of, 13-15 SMCS, see Speech motor behavior Social aspects, 400-401 Spasmodic dysphonia, 152, 154-158 Spectographic

analysis and study 268-270, 367-377, 384-391

Spectral slope, 292 Speech du ration va riation, 345-353 Speech models

action theory, 25-30 acoustic speech models, 99-102, 111 multilevel control model, 57-71 production vs. analysis models,

97-98, 111-114 programming models 41-53 speech production models, 353-359 speech synthesis models, 111-114

Speech motor behavior control system (SMCS)' 161 coordination, see Speech motor

coordination execution, 68-71 motor control, 9-11, 57-75, 246,

303, 317-318, 329, 361-362 motor execution, 68-69 motor planning, 60-63 motor programming, 41-53, 63-68 motor representation, 59 movement cha racteristics, 63 orofacial representation, 59 planning, 60-63 programming, see Motor program­

ming reaction time, see Reaction time

studies temporal organization, 22 temporal va riability, 337-343

Speech motor coordination, 79, 173, 245, 259-265

laryngeal, 197, 209, 229, 245 neuromuscular coordination, 394 phonation and articulation, 141-142,

209-210 respiration and phonation, 198-206 sensorimechanisms, 246 thoracic and abdominal movements,

199-203 see also Timing

Speech onset comparative system, 308-315

Speech physiology tempo ra I aspects, 217 -224 young children, 124

Speech rate, 282, 292, 317-326, 329-324

Speech segment duration, 6, 14, 339-342, 346-352

Speech situation, 398-399 . Strain gauge miniature pressure trans-

ducers, 105 Strain gauge transducer system, 131 Stress contrast, 320 Stuttering

blocks, 268-276 definition, 120, 267-277 model, 353-359 prevention, 321-323

Subject Index 1119

prolongations, 381-382

268-277, 356-357,

repetitions, 267-277, 356-357, 371-380, 381

severity, 295, 317 subgrouping, 215-224 therapy, 281

Stutteri ng therapy, Eval uation of, 285-294, 296-303

Subclinical stuttering, see Physiological stuttering

Subcortical representation, 59 Subglottal air pressure, 13-14,

105-107, 175, 229-243, 377-379 experimental data, 229-243 pressure build-up patterns, 234-236 recording techniques, 105-107, 230 speech conditions, 239-241

SUbsegmental duration, 282 Supralaryngeal articulation, 283 Supralaryngeal behavior, 210 Supralaryngeal function, 91-93 Syllable duration, 282, 319-320,

329-324 Syllable/word onset, 382 Syntax, 320 System analysis, 162 Taylor series expansions, 162

T

T-network, 99 Task dynamic model of speech, 30-35 Tempo tracking, 282 Temporal variability, 337-343 Teststimuli

modality, 178, 398 stimulus complexity, 187 stimulus length, 190-193

Timing articulatory processes, 193 constancy, 28, 57 laryngeal movements, 193, 201-206 phonatory processes, 193, 343,

345-352 prephonatory processes, 199-206 program, 25 relationships, 28, 57 respi ratory movements, 201-206

Timing disorder, stutteri ng as, 141, 185, 209, 216-217, 222-224, 333-334

Tongue movement, 144-149 Training speech movements, 296-303 Trajectory shaping, 30 Transglottal ai rflow, 105-107 Transglottal pressu re, 105 Transillumination

v

advantages/disadvantages, 86-88 experimental data, 198-206 procedures, 84-87

Variability in phonatory rate, 282 Variability of speech rate, 322-323 Variance in motor actions, see Con-

stancy of timing relationships VIT, see Voice onset Vocal fold

'120 Subject Index

closure, 203 model, 101 position, 341 vibration, 101

Vocal frequency paradigm, 163-168 Vocal motor control disorders, 81, 155 Vocal reaction time, see Laryngeal

reaction time Vocal track

electrical model, 376-379 mechanical model, 376-379 shape, 375

Vocal tracking paradigm, 162 Vocalization hypothesis, 4 Voice onset

gentle voice onset, 231, 234-242, 248, 300, 302-304

glottal attack, 308 training, 230, 311-315 voice initiation time (VIT), 178,

199-206, 210-211, 296, 310-312 voice onset abruptness, 295-305,

307-315 voice onset index, 300 voice onset time (VOT), 11, 174,

178, 210, 394-395 voice reaction time, 274-276 voice termination time (VTT), 199,

395 VOT, see Voice onset Vowel

offglide, 391 onglide, 387-391

VTT, see Voice onset

W

Word onset, 362, 365-367 Word positioning, 395-396

x X-ray microbeam techniques, 81, 91,

131, 142