The Commonwealth of AustraliaLecturer: Kob Isa

Group Member’s Name: Ekchan ProsPov

Ea Vatana

Heang Chan Borey

Ean Socheata

ChaoChan Thavy

សកលវទិ្យាល័យកម្ព ុជាអន្ត រជាតិ

CAMBODIAN INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY

25 June 2014

Content

• Introduction

• Etymology

• History

• States and territories

• Geography and Climate

• Environment

• Economy

• Demographics

• Culture

AustraliaPopulation- 23,110,916

Area- 7,692,024 km2

Prime Minister – Kevin Rudd

Language- English

Introduction

• Officially the Commonwealth of

Australia, is a country comprising the

mainland of the Australian continent, the

island of Tasmania, and many smaller

islands.

• It is the world's sixth-largest country by

total area.

• It’s an Island, surrounded by water

• It’s the smallest continent in the world.

The Australian Flag

Union Flag

6th British

colony.

Southern crosssymbolizes the

constellation.

The Commonwealth 7 pointed star

represents the 7 territories.

The Coat of Arms

Etymology

The name Australia is derived from the

Latin australis, meaning "southern"

The name Australia was

popularised by the explorer

Matthew Flinders, who pushed for

it to be formally adopted as early

as 1804.

When preparing his manuscript and

charts for his 1814 A Voyage to

Terra Australis.

Etymology

• European landfall on the Australian

continent were attributed to the Dutch

navigator Willem Janszoon.

• Governor Lachlan Macquarie of New South

Wales subsequently used the word in his

dispatches to England, and in 1817

recommended that it be officially adopted.

• In 1824, the Admiralty agreed that the

continent should be known officially as

"Australia".

History of Australia

Discovered by the Dutch in the early 1600’s.

But it was Englishman James Cook who claimed Australia

for Britain in 1770.

Britain 1st used the country as a penal

colony and a total of 160,000 people

came to Australia as convicts.

Britain sent prisoners and

criminals to Australia.

History of Australia

Finally in 1901 that the whole of

Australia came under 1 constitution.

History of Australia

The British Crown Colony of New South

Wales started with the establishment of

a settlement at Port Jackson by Captain

Arthur Phillip on 26 January 1788.

This date was later to become

Australia's national day, Australia

Day.

History of Australia

History of Australia

• The first human habitation of Australia is estimated to have occurred between 42,000 and 48,000 years ago.

• These first Australians were the ancestors of the current Indigenous Australians; they arrived via land bridges and short sea-crossings from present-day South-East Asia.

The first human habitation of

Australia is estimated to have

occurred between 42,000 and

48,000 years ago.

These first Australians were the ancestors

of the current Indigenous Australians; they

arrived via land bridges and short sea-

crossings from present-day South-East Asia.

Australian Aborigines: People scattered across

the continent living as hunters and gatherers. 300

clans, 250 languages and 700 dialects. All share

the belief of Dreamtime.

Native Australians. The Aborigines have

lived in Australia for over 40,000 years. Now

they only represent 1% of the population.

The total population of Australia is 22 million.

Government of Australia

Government of Australia

Parliament House, Canberra was opened in 1988, replacing the provisional Parliament House building opened in 1927.

• Australia is a constitutional monarchy with

a federal division of powers.

• Australia has a federal parliamentary

democracy.

Political Issues

• Since the 1 January 1901, the six old colonies came under one federation, and the Commonwealth of Australia was formed. There are three branches in the government:

• The legislature: • The executive:• The judiciary:

The capital city is Canberra, located in the Australian Capital Territory.

Political Issues

• There are three major political parties:• The Australian Labor Party• The Liberal Party • The National Party.

Government

• Queen Elizabeth II (England) is the head of state.• She does not run the country, but she signs laws, approves

elections, and is commander-in-chief of the military.

• The prime minister recommends someone to represent the Queen in Australia—the governor-general.

• The prime minister is the head of the government & has the most political power.

• leader of the political party with the most members in the Commonwealth Parliament

Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II

Tony Abbott the Prime Minister of Australia

States and territories of Australia

Australia is composed of 6 States and 2 Territories:

the Australian Capital Territory (ACT)

Canberra

6 States: New South Wales (NSW), Queensland (QLD),

South Australia (SA), Tasmania (TAS), Victoria(VIC) and

Western Australia (WA)

2 major mainland territories: The Australian Capital

Territory (ACT) and the Northern Territory (NT).

States and territories of Australia

Where are the majority of important cities in Australia?

Cities

The capital city is

Canberra.

The biggest city is Sydney,

where there is the famous

Sydney Opera House.

Other Important Cities

Melbourne Adelaide

Other Important Cities

Brisbane Perth

Foreign Relations and Military

• Australia‘s foreign relations driven by close associations with the UNITED –STATES

• Australia has a strong desire to develop relationships with Asia and the Pacific

• Australia is also a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. Australia has pursued the cause of international trade liberation. Australia is a founding member of the United Nations and maintains an international aid programme under which 60 countries receive assistance.

Geography and Climate

• Australia's landmass of 7,617,930 square

kilometers (2,941,300 sq. mi) is on the

Ondo-Australian Plate.

• Surrounded by the Indian and Pacific

oceans.

• The world's smallest continent and

sixth largest country by total area.

• It’s sometimes considered the world’s

largest island.

• Excluding Macquarie, Australia lies

between latitudes 9° and 44°S, and

longitudes 112° and 154°E.

Geography and Climate

• Australia’s size gives it a wide variety of landscapes, with tropical rainforests in the north-east, mountain ranges in the south-east, south-west and east, and dry desert in the centre.

• It is the flattest continent, with the oldest and least fertile soils; desert or semi-arid land commonly known as the outback makes up by far the largest portion of land.

tropical rainforests

tropical rainforests

The middle part of the country is called the outback. The outback does not get very much rain and is very dry.Not very many people live in the outback.

The middle part of the country is called the outback. The outback does not get very much rain and is very dry.Not very many people live in the outback.

There are not many schools in the outback. Children who live on stations and can not get to school use a two way radio to hear their teachers' lessons

Ayers Rock or Uluru

Kangaroos in the Outback

The Great Barrier Reef, the world's largest coral reef, lies a short distance off the north-east coast and extends for over 2,000 kilometres (1,240 mi).

It is made up of coral and algae. Coral are tiny invertebrate animals. It is also the world's largest living structure.

Geography and Climate

Australia is in the Southern Hemisphere.

•Because it is south of the equator, the seasons in Australia are the oppositeof those in Europe: it’s winter in Australia when it’s summer in Europe.

LOCATION

Environment of Australia

• Although most of Australia is semi-arid or desert, it includes a diverse range of habitats from alpine heaths to tropical rainforests, and is recognized as a mega diverse country.

• Because of the continent's great age, extremely variable weather patterns, and long-term geographic isolation, much of Australia's biota is unique and diverse.

Environment of Australia

The koala and the eucalyptus form an iconic Australian pair

Approximately 85% of flowering plants, 84% of mammals,

more than 45% of birds, and 89% of in-shore, temperate-

zone fish are endemic. Australia has the greatest number of

reptiles of any country, with 755 species.

Australian forests are mostly made up of evergreen species,

particularly eucalyptus trees in the less arid regions, wattles

replace them in drier regions and deserts as the most

dominant species.

TYPICAL ANIMALS

Koala Kangaroo

Sugar glider

Dingo

Platypus

Tasmanian devil

Possum

Wombat

SOME AUSTRALIAN SYMBOLS

Kangaroo Echidna

Reptiles

Economy of Australia

• Australia is a wealthy country with a market economy, a relatively high GDP per capita, and a relatively low rate of poverty.

• Australia is the thirteenth largest economy in the world.

CURRENCY

The currency is the Australian dollar.

Resources

• Australia is rich in mineral resources, notably bauxite, coal, diamonds, gold, iron ore, mineral sands, natural gas, nickel, petroleum, and uranium. Readily cultivable farmland is at a premium because much of the land is desert.

Iron ore

Demographics - Language

• Language- Australian English

• The next most common languages spoken at home are Mandarin (1.7%),Italian (1.5%), Arabic (1.4%),

Cantonese (1.3%), Greek (1.3%), and Vietnamese (1.2%)….

• Australia has a sign language known as Auslan, which is the main language of about 5,500 deaf people.

Religion

• Religion: Religion is freedom of choic61.1% Christian - 25.3% Roman Catholic 17.1 %Anglican22.3 % No Religion- (humanism, atheism, agnosticism and rationalism)7.2 %Non-Christian religions- 2.5% Buddhist

2.2% Islam1.3% Hinduism0.5% Judaism

The remaining 9.4% did not report.

Education and Health Care

-School is Compulsory from ages

5-16 years old.

-16-17 required to attend school

or participate in some kind of

vocational training.

-TAFE

-Australia is among one of the

most expensive places to attend

University.

-Australia has the fourth highest

life expectancy in the world after

Iceland, Japan and Hong Kong.

Life expectancy in Australia in

2010 was 79.5 years for males and

84.0 years for females.

Medicare

Culture - Australian Arts

A digeridoA boomerang

Australian Arts

Some Famous Australians

Australian Arts

• Australian visual arts are thought to have begun with the cave paintings, rock engravings and body painting of its Indigenous peoples.

The cave paintings in Australia

Cuisine

Sport

• Sports are a very big part of Australian Culture.

cricket

Tennis

surfing

cricket

Australian

Football

Rugby

References

• http://www.slideshare.net/search/slideshow?searchfrom=header&q=Austrulia

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia

• https://www.google.com.kh/search?q=Australia&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=EwCpU_C2F8yB8gWKx4HAAQ&ved=0CDkQsAQ&biw=1366&bih=681

Reference

Thanks For Paying Attention

Slide Design by Ekchan ProsPov

Date: 24 June 2014