austempered ductile iron - gear · pdf filea ustempered ductile iron austempering offers...

Austempered Ductile IronAustempering Offers ManufacturersHigh-Strength, Low-Cost Components:Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) has found successful applications acrossmany industries. This specialty heat treated material combines low-costmanufacturing and near net shape casting technologies with a combinationof beneficial properties to provide you and your customer with cost-effectivecomponents that outperform the competition.

The Leader In Austempering Technology...Applied Processwww.appliedprocess.com

ADI Components

• Timing Gears• Output Shafts• Control Arms• CV Joints• Engine Brackets• Differential Housings• Crankshafts• Steering Knuckles• Tow Hooks

Heavy Truck

• Brake Spiders• U-Bolt Brackets• Sway Bar Bushings• Suspension Brackets• Wheel Hubs• Differential Case

and Clutch Collars• Pintle Hooks

Agriculture

• Plow Points• Hitches• Control Arms• Digger Teeth• J-Hooks• Knotter Gears

Construction

• Bucket Teeth• Engine Components• Sprockets• Shafts

Automotive

Applications

Railroad

• Suspension Housings

• Suspension Covers• Wear Plates

Mining

• Drive Shafts• Wear Plates

Industrial

• Conveyor Links• Trolley Bodies• Pipe Bending Components• Tool Holders

Applied Process, Inc.12238 Newburgh Rd. • Livonia, MI 48150-1046

(734) 464-2030 • Fax: (734) 464-6314

AP Westshore, Inc.4000 State Highway 91 • Oshkosh, WI 54904-9217

(920) 235-2001 • Fax: (920) 235-2701

AP Southridge, Inc.201 Altec Dr. PO Box 2309 • Elizabethtown, KY 42702-2309

(270) 234-0404 • Fax: (270) 234-0505


MONOTONIC (STATIC) PROPERTIESTENSILE STRENGTH (ksi/MPa) 140/966 165/1139 190/1311 220/1518 240/16560.2% OFFSET YIELD STRENGTH (ksi/MPa) 110/759 130/897 160/1104 180/1242 210/1449ELONGATION (% IN 2 INCH GAGE LENGTH) 11 10 7 5 3HARDNESS BRINELL BHN (B.I.D. mm) 302 (3.50) 340 (3.30) 387 (3.10) 418 (3.00) 460 (2.85)REDUCTION IN AREA (%) 10 9 6 4 2**YOUNG'S MODULUS (Msi/GPa) 23.1/159.3 22.9/157.9 22.7/156.5 22.5/155.1 22.3/153.8COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (ksi/MPa) 200/1380 240/1650 280/1935 330/2275 365/2520SHEAR STRENGTH (ksi/MPa) 125/870 150/1025 170/1180 200/1370 215/1490MODULUS OF RIGIDITY (Msi/GPa) 9.44/65.1 9.28/64.0 9.16/63.2 9.04/62.4 9.00/62.1POISSON'S RATIO 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25***STRENGTH COEFFICIENT K (ksi, MPa) 218/1503***STRAIN HARDENING EXPONENT n 0.143***TRUE FRACTURE STRENGTH sf 150/1032***TRUE FRACTURE DUCTILITY ef 0.082

DYNAMIC PROPERTIESFATIGUE STRENGTH (@10 MILLION CYCLES):

-ROTATING BENDING AS MACHINED (ksi/MPa) 65/450 70/485 60/415-REVERSE BENDING AS MACHINED (ksi/MPa) 60/415 55/380-AXIAL PUSH-PULL 55/385-G-50 MAX. ALLOWABLE CONTACT STRESS (ksi/MPa) 165/1155 180/1260 195/1365 220/1560 250/1750-G-50 SINGLE TOOTH BENDING AS MACHINED (ksi/MPa) 50/350 52/365 50/350 48/335 46/320-G-50 SINGLE TOOTH BENDING AS SHOT PEENED (ksi/MPa) 100/700 110/770 100/700 95/665 90/630-UN-NOTCHED CHARPY IMPACT@70F/21C (ft-lb/JOULES) 90/120 90/120 70/93 60/80 40/53-NOTCHED CHARPY IMPACT @70F/21C (ft-lb/JOULES) 9/12 8/10.6 7/9.3 6.5/8.6 6/8

DYNAMIC ELASTIC MODULUS (Msi/GPa) 24.7/170 24.4/168 24.2/167 23.9/165 23.7/164EST. DUCTILE/BRITTLE TRANSITION TEMP. (F/C) -2/-20 -2 / -20 -2 / -20 -2 / -20 -2 / -20FRACTURE TOUGHNESS (ksi*SQRT(in)/MPa*SQRT(m)) 100/109 78/85 55/60 48/52 40/44**STRENGTH COEFFICIENT K' (ksi/MPa) 223/1538**STRAIN HARDENING EXPONENT n' 0.1330 0.1376 0.1465 0.1600**FATIGUE STRENGTH COEFFICIENT sf' (ksi/MPa) 211/1455 2720 3100 5020**FATIGUE STRENGTH EXPONENT b -0.1110 -0.1460 -0.1600 -0.2050**FATIGUE DUCTILITY COEFFICIENT ef' 0.1990 0.1780 0.3960 0.4880**FATIGUE DUCTILITY EXPONENT C -0.6770 -0.6280 -0.7520 -0.8480

PHYSICAL (INTRINSIC) PROPERTIESDENSITY (lb/cu. in; g/cu. cm) .2562/7.0965 .2558/7.0872 .2555/7.0779 .2552/7.0686 .2548/7.0593COEFF. OF THERMAL EXPANSION (in/in/F; mm/mm/C) X 10 -6 8.1/14.6 8.0/14.3 7.8/14.0 7.7/13.8 7.5/13.5WEAR RESISTANCE (AMAX PIN TEST,VOLUME LOSS cu. mm) 10.9 10.8 10.6 10.3 9.8LINEAR EXPANSION inches/inch (from Ferritic/from Pearlitic) .0012/.0002 .0018/.0008 .0025/.0013 .0027/.0016 .0028/.0017THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY (BTU-in/h-sq.ft-F; W/M-K) 153/22.1 151/21.8 149/21.5 147/21.2 145/20.9INTERNAL DAMPING (log decr.) X .0001 5.26 5.41 5.69 12.7 19.2

These numbers are not guaranteed minimums. They represent typical properties that one may observe in commercial ADI components.** Young's modulus data courtesy of Daimler-Chrysler*** Grade 125-80-10 fatigue coeff. & exponents courtesy of Daimler-Chrysler. All other grades courtesy of John Deere

Latest Revision/Update: 8-Feb-2002ASTM 897 (in-lb units) 125-80-10 150-100-07 175-125-04 200-155-01 230-185-00ASTM 897M (SI units) 850-550-10 1050-700-07 1200-850-04 1400-1100-01 1600-1300-00

GRADE 1 GRADE 2 GRADE 3 GRADE 4 GRADE 5TYPICAL PROPERTIES*

Carbo-Austempered™ SteelCarbo-Austempering for High-Load,Low-Cycle Performance:


Carbo-Austempered™ Steel Components

The Carbo-Austempering™ process is a high performance steel heat treatmentthat combines a high carbon bainitic case with either a bainitic or temperedmartensite core to produce a component with an exceptional combination ofstrength and toughness. Carbo-Austempered™ steel exhibits:

• Higher tensile strength • Increased elongation• Increased wear resistance • Lower distortion• Greatly improved impact properties • No cracking during quenching• Increased fatigue strength (in high load, low cycle fatigue applications)


(734) 464-2030 • Fax: (734) 464-6314


(920) 235-2001 • Fax: (920) 235-2701


(270) 234-0404 • Fax: (270) 234-0505


• Transmission Shafts• Output Shafts• Spline Drives• Differential Pinions• Side Pinions

Light Automotive• Pump Shafts• Parking Pawls• Steering Clips• Split Rings• Starter Clutch Shells

Heavy Truck

Applications

The Highest Quality Services Available, On Time At Competitive Prices

Applied Process has been a technology leader in the heat treating industry since 1978. With acombination of technical marketing, collaborative research and development, and value-addedperformance, Applied Process has worked to expand the applications of Austempered materials.AP facilities operate 24 hours a day, 7 days a week to service our customers in over 36 states and Canada.

To help you see for yourself the advantages of AP’s Austempering services for the parts your customers manufacture, AP professionals can meet with your engineers and your customers to discuss your specific needs.

Bringing us in at the design stage may allow you to reconfigure a part for improved performanceor cost reductions because of the improved strength and reduced weight that can be realized with the Austempering process.

We can perform material, process and cost analyses that conclusively demonstrate the competitive advantages of Austempering for many different types of parts.

Gear & PowertrainComponentsAustempered Materials Give You HighStrength, Quieter ComponentsFor high performance gear and powertrain applications,Austempered materials offer component manufacturers the benefitsof higher wear resistance, reduced noise, increased bending andcontact fatigue, and increased strength and durability. Depending onyour specific application, Austempering an iron, steel, or powderedmetal component can give you a competitive edge. Companies suchas Delphi Automotive, Dana Corporation, Ford Motor Company,AGCO, John Deere, and General Motors have discovered the benefits of Austempering in their component designs.


Austempered Gear and Powertrain Components


(734) 464-2030 • Fax: (734) 464-6314


(920) 235-2001 • Fax: (920) 235-2701


(270) 234-0404 • Fax: (270) 234-0505


Austempered Steel• Transmission Wave Plates• Transmission Gears• Sprag Races• Output Shafts

Carbo-AustemperedSteel

• Output Shafts• Pump Shafts• Starter Clutch Shells• Drive Splines• Differential Pinions• Side Pinions

Applications






• Diesel Engine Timing Gears• Hypoid Ring and Pinion Gears• Off-Highway Drive Axles• Ring Gears• Gear Housings• Sprockets• CV Joints• Differential Housings• Wheel Hubs

ADI

AGI• Timing Gears• Cylinder Liners

Agricultural ComponentsAustempering Offers ManufacturersHigh-Strength, Low-Cost Components:Components used in the agricultural and construction industries mustendure high wear and heavy loads.Product performance is constantlybeing pushed to the next level, where components are expected to last longer and be cost effective.Austempering is a proven way toincrease the strength and performanceof many different components. The agricultural industry has taken a keeninterest in Austempered componentsfor their excellent wear characteristics.Companies such as John Deere,Caterpillar, CNH Global and many otheruse Austempered parts to increase the performance of their equipment,thus increasing productivity for their

customers. Applied Process candemonstrate for you the materialproperties and characteristics obtainedin Austempered components, along withexamples of successful applications.

Many customers have saved money byswitching from forgings to low-costcastings, that are subsequentlyAustempered to produce the best possible properties. We can help you select the material/process combination that is right for your components and applications. We willprovide your design engineers withproperty data they can use in designing Austempered parts, and discuss your applications.


Austempered Agricultural Components


(734) 464-2030 • Fax: (734) 464-6314


(920) 235-2001 • Fax: (920) 235-2701


(270) 234-0404 • Fax: (270) 234-0505


• Plow Points• Hitches• Control Arms• Digger Teeth• J-Hooks• Control Arms• Draft Arms

CADI• Digger Teeth• Ripper Points• Wear Plates• Rasp Bars• Cutters• Crushers

AustemperedSteel

• Mower Blades• Bed Knives• Mole Components• Springs• Discs

Carbo-AustemperedSteel

• Output Shafts• Gears• Drive Shafts• Pump Shafts• Clutch Shells• Safety Components

ADI

Applications






Carbidic AustemperedDuctile Iron (CADI)For Better Wear Resistance, Use CADICarbidic Austempered Ductile Iron (CADI) is a family of ductile castirons produced with carbides that are subsequently Austempered toexhibit excellent wear resistance. CADI is a premium engineerediron with longer life. It is more wear resistant than Grade 5 ADI, lessexpensive and tougher than 18% chrome white iron and can replaceMn steel at an equal or lower cost. CADI is also less expensive andcan compete with some Abrasion Resistant Irons.


Carbidic Austempered Ductile Iron (CADI) Components


(734) 464-2030 • Fax: (734) 464-6314


(920) 235-2001 • Fax: (920) 235-2701


(270) 234-0404 • Fax: (270) 234-0505


Construction/Mining

• Digger Teeth• Tip Holders• Hammers• Flails• Crusher Rollers• Housings, Chutes

Industrial• Conveyor Wear Parts• Pump Impellors• Wear Housings and

Plates• Rollers

Applications






• Rasp Bars• Internal Tines• Thrashing Elements• Rasp Buckets• Aerator Flights• Wear Plates• Plow Points

Agriculture Automotive• Camshafts• Cam Followers

Railroad• Wear Plates• Suspension Components

Austempered SteelProduces Stronger and Tougher StructuresThan Conventional Heat TreatmentsAustempered Steel offers superior toughness at high hardnessesover conventionally quenched and tempered steel. This processexhibits minimal distortion, no cracking during quenching andresistance to hydrogen embrittlement. Austempered Steel, as wellas high-density, Austempered Powdered Metals, are superior toconventionally processed steels.


Austempered Steel and Powdered Metal Components


(734) 464-2030 • Fax: (734) 464-6314


(920) 235-2001 • Fax: (920) 235-2701


(270) 234-0404 • Fax: (270) 234-0505


Industrial• Mower Blades• Sword Blades• Rivet Tooling• Trenchless Mole

Components

Applications






• Sprag Races• Bolts• Clips and Clamps• Wave Plates• Transmission Gears• Seat Brackets

Automotive

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